Deck 10: Semen

Question 1

Semen specimens should be processed for analysis:

A) Immediately on receipt in the laboratory
B) Before complete liquefaction
C) After complete liquefaction
D) 1 hour after arriving in the laboratory

Answer 1

C

Question 2

When using Kruger's strict morphology criteria,the normal value is greater than:

A) 14% normal forms
B) 25% normal forms
C) 30% normal forms
D) 55% normal forms

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Absence of a normal sperm acrosome can:

A) Decrease sperm motility
B) Affect ovum penetration
C) Affect semen liquefaction
D) Decrease sperm concentration

Answer 3

B

Question 4

When using routine morphology criteria,the normal value is greater than:

A) 15% normal forms
B) 30% normal forms
C) 50% normal forms
D) 70% normal forms

Question 5

Abnormal sperm morphology is determined by:

A) Head and tail morphology and size
B) Head size and shape
C) Tail presence and appearance
D) Staining reactions

Question 6

If the first portion of the ejaculation is not collected,which parameter of the semen analysis is most critically affected?

A) Sperm concentration
B) pH
C) Sperm motility
D) Morphology

Question 7

Normal semen should liquefy:

A) Immediately after ejaculation
B) Within 1 hour
C) Within 3 hours
D) After exposure to diluting fluid

Question 8

Evaluation of sperm motility includes:

A) Determining the appearance of the tail piece
B) Differentiation between forward and lateral movement
C) Two evaluations performed 3 hours apart
D) Two evaluations performed 3 days apart

Question 9

Sperm can be immobilized before performing a sperm concentration using all of the following except:

A) Heat
B) Normal saline
C) Sodium bicarbonate
D) Tap water

Question 10

Semen analysis on postvasectomy patients should be performed:

A) Within 1 week postvasectomy
B) 1 month postvasectomy
C) Until two consecutive monthly specimens show no sperm
D) Until two consecutive monthly specimens show no viable sperm

Question 11

Computer-assisted semen analysis determines all of the following except:

A) Sperm morphology
B) Sperm count
C) Trajectory of sperm motion
D) Velocity of sperm motility

Question 12

Semen viscosity is most closely related to:

A) Sperm concentration
B) Specimen volume
C) Specimen collection
D) Specimen liquefaction

Question 13

Proper collection of a semen specimen should include all of the following except:

A) In a sterile container
B) After a 3-day period of sexual abstinence
C) At the laboratory followed by 1 hour of refrigeration
D) At home and delivery to the laboratory within 1 hour

Question 14

Sperm motility after 1 hour should be at least:

A) 50%
B) 60%
C) 70%
D) 80%

Question 15

An increased amount of prostatic fluid in a semen specimen will:

A) Lower the pH
B) Raise the pH
C) Increase the motility
D) Decrease the motility

Question 16

Yellow color in a semen specimen may be caused by all of the following except:

A) Urine
B) Preservation at room temperature
C) Medications
D) Prolonged abstinence

Question 17

To determine if a questionable specimen is semen,the specimen should be tested for:

A) Alkaline phosphatase
B) Acid phosphatase
C) DNA
D) Citrate and zinc

Question 18

Prior to reporting a postvasectomy specimen as negative for the presence of sperm,the specimen must be:

A) Stained
B) Examined under polarized light
C) Diluted
D) Dentrifuged

Question 19

When performing sperm morphology analysis,the minimum number of sperm that should be evaluated is:

A) 50
B) 100
C) 200
D) 500

Question 20

Before analysis,semen specimens should be:

A) Refrigerated
B) Incubated at 56?C
C) Allowed to completely liquefy
D) Centrifuged

Question 21

A semen specimen in which clumping of sperm is observed should be further tested using the:

A) Fructose test
B) Eosin-nigrosin stain
C) Immunobead test
D) Computer-assisted semen analysis

Question 22

The sugar of interest in most cases of infertility is:

A) Glucose
B) Maltose
C) Fructose
D) Sucrose

Question 23

All of the following can be used to evaluate continued infertility with a normal sperm count except:

A) Semen fructose level
B) Eosin-nigrosin stain
C) Plasma and semen agglutination
D) Immunobead test

Question 24

Development of male antisperm antibodies can be caused by all of the following except:

A) Vasovasostomy
B) Infection
C) Prolonged abstinence
D) Trauma

Question 25

Where there is a lack of prostatic fluid,all of the following chemicals are decreased in the semen except:

A) Alpha-glucosidase
B) Zinc
C) Citrate
D) Acid phosphatase

Question 26

While performing a sperm morphology examination,a technologist counts 10 neutrophils per 100 mature sperm.To determine if this observation is significant,the technologist must also know the:

A) Specimen volume
B) Sperm concentration
C) Patient's white blood cell (WBC) count
D) Sperm count

Question 27

A yellow semen specimen with a normal sperm concentration and decreased motility may contain:

A) Bilirubin
B) Carotene
C) Bacteria
D) Urine

Question 28

A sperm motility report graded 2.0 is interpreted as:

A) Average motility and Brownian movement
B) Slow forward motility with noticeable lateral movement
C) Slow forward motion in a straight line
D) Abnormal motility with normal direction

Question 29

The immunobead test detects:

A) Male antisperm antibodies
B) Female antisperm antibodies
C) Abnormal sperm acrosomes
D) Both male and female antisperm antibodies

Question 30

Which of the following parameters directly relates to and provides a check on the sperm motility evaluation?

A) Agglutination testing
B) Morphology
C) Sperm count
D) Viability stain

Question 31

Using a 1:20 dilution and the 5 RBC counting squares of the Neubauer counting chamber,an average of 54 sperm is counted.The sperm concentration is:

A) 54,000/cc
B) 54,000,000/mL
C) 108,000/cc
D) 108,000,000/mL

Question 32

When performing sperm morphology analysis on a semen specimen with a sperm concentration of 20 million,10 spermatids are seen.This result is:

A) A normal finding
B) Associated with infection
C) Normal in a postvasectomy specimen
D) Indicative of abnormal sperm maturation

Question 33

Using a 1:20 dilution of semen,a student counts 70 sperm in the five RBC squares on one side of the Neubauer hemocytometer and 82 sperm on the other side.The student should:

A) Use a new chamber
B) Report the count as 70 million/mL
C) Repeat the count
D) Load only one side of the counting chamber

Question 34

When examining a specimen for the presence of sperm,the type of microscopy recommended for use is:

A) Bright-field
B) Phase
C) Polarizing
D) Electron

Question 35

The motility component of a sperm analysis includes all of the following except evaluation of the:

A) Progressive and Brownian movement
B) Percentage of motile sperm
C) Quality of movement
D) Motility of normal and abnormal sperm

Question 36

When an abnormally low sperm count is encountered in a fertility examination,the follow-up test of choice is:

A) Male agglutination studies
B) Semen fructose level
C) Female agglutination studies
D) Eosin-nigrosin stain

Question 37

The purpose of diluting semen specimens with sodium bicarbonate and formalin before counting is to:

A) Ensure liquefaction of the specimen
B) Allow motility to be determined while performing the count
C) Enhance the cellular morphology
D) Immobilize and preserve the sperm

Question 38

The finding of 3 million neutrophils per milliliter in a semen specimen is:

A) A normal result
B) Normal when using Kruger's strict criteria
C) Indicative of increased prostatic fluid
D) Indicative of infection

Question 39

Sperm function tests include all of the following except the:

A) Hamster egg penetration assay
B) Cervical mucus penetration test
C) Meiosis and mitosis assay
D) In vitro acrosome reaction

Question 40

The normal sperm concentration is:

A) 140 to 200 million/mL
B) 10 to 90 million/mL
C) 20 to 160 million/mL
D) 50 to 100 million/mL

Question 41

The following results were obtained on a semen analysis:

Based on the information provided,what is the sperm count for this specimen?

A) 7.5 million/mL
B) 10 million/mL
C) 12.5 million/mL
D) 20 million/mL

Question 42

The following results were obtained on a semen analysis:

Based on the information provided,what is the primary underlying cause of the abnormal parameters?

A) Decreased fructose
B) Antisperm antibodies
C) Decreased prostatic fluid
D) Infection

Question 43

Semen specimens can contain HIV and hepatitis viruses.

Question 44

Greater than 1 million spermatids per milliliter indicates reproductive tract infection.

Question 45

The following results were obtained on a semen analysis:

Based on the information provided,which abnormal parameter is affecting the viscosity?

A) pH
B) Motility
C) Morphology
D) Concentration

Question 46

The following results were obtained on a semen analysis:

Based on the information provided,which abnormal parameter is affecting the motility?

A) pH
B) Morphology
C) Viscosity
D) Concentration

Question 47

Using the information provided,calculate the sperm concentration and sperm count:
Using a 1:10 dilution of a specimen with a volume of 2 mL,400 sperm are counted in four large squares (WBC)of the Neubauer hemocytometer.

A) 5 million/mL and 10 million/specimen
B) 10 million/mL and 20 million/specimen
C) 30 million/mL and 60 million/specimen
D) 40 million/mL and 80 million/specimen

Question 48

A semen pH of 6.0 is associated with a decrease in prostatic fluid.

Question 49

Spermatogenesis takes place in the:

A) Epididymis
B) Seminiferous tubules
C) Bulbourethral glands
D) Seminal vessels

Question 50

Which of the following is a normal finding in an eosin-nigrosin stain?

A) 75% of the cells appear bluish white
B) 75% of the cells appear red
C) 30% of the cells appear red
D) 30% of the cells appear bluish white

Question 51

The following results were obtained on a semen analysis:

Based on the information provided,what two parameters are abnormal?

A) Volume and concentration
B) Morphology and concentration
C) Viscosity and pH
D) Motility and concentration

Question 52

Using the information provided,calculate the sperm concentration and sperm count:
Using a 1:20 dilution of a specimen with a volume of 4 mL,30 sperm are counted in two large squares (WBC)of the Neubauer hemocytometer.

A) 1.5 million/mL and 6 million/specimen
B) 3 million/mL and 12 million/specimen
C) 6 million/mL and 24 million/specimen
D) 30 million /mL and 120 million/specimen

Question 53

The following results were obtained on a semen analysis:

Based on the information provided,is the sperm count on this specimen normal?

A) Yes
B) No

Question 54

The semen analysis is classified as a moderately complex test by the Clinical Laboratory Improvement AmendmentsCLIA .

Question 55

The following results were obtained on a semen analysis:

Using the information provided,which three of these parameters are abnormal?

A) Viscosity, pH, motility
B) Volume, viscosity, and pH
C) Concentration, motility, and morphology
D) Motility, morphology, and viscosity

Question 56

Normal semen analyses accompanied by continued infertility would most probably be caused by:

A) Male antisperm antibodies
B) Female antisperm antibodies
C) Decreased fructose
D) Increased acid phosphatase

Question 57

Slides for evaluation of sperm morphology can be stained using Papanicolaou stain.

Question 58

Using the information provided,calculate the sperm concentration and sperm count:
Using a 1:20 dilution of a specimen with a volume of 3 mL,an average of 86 sperm are counted in the five RBC counting squares of the Neubauer hemocytometer.

A) 43 million/mL and 129 million/specimen
B) 86 million/mL and 258 million/specimen
C) 17 million/mL and 52 million/specimen
D) 69 million/mL and 206 million/specimen

Question 59

The following results were obtained on a semen analysis:

Based on the information provided,what is the most probable cause of the abnormal results?

A) Decreased spermatogenesis
B) Decreased fructose
C) Incomplete specimen
D) Collection in a condom

Question 60

The size of the acrosome and the presence of vacuoles are included when sperm morphology is evaluated using Kruger's strict criteria.

Question 61

Matching
Select the area of the male reproductive system that performs the following functions:
A.Prostate
B.Bulbourethral glands
C.Seminal vessels
D.Epididymis
Provides energy for sperm motility

Question 62

Matching
Select the area of the male reproductive system that performs the following functions:
A.Prostate
B.Bulbourethral glands
C.Seminal vessels
D.Epididymis
Neutralized vaginal acidity

Question 63

Antisperm antibodies are produced by both males and females.

Question 64

Matching
Select the area of the male reproductive system that performs the following functions:
A.Prostate
B.Bulbourethral glands
C.Seminal vessels
D.Epididymis
Maturation of sperm

Question 65

The immunobead test will differentiate between antisperm antibodies directed against the sperm head and tail.

Question 66

Matching
Select the area of the male reproductive system that performs the following functions:
A.Prostate
B.Bulbourethral glands
C.Seminal vessels
D.Epididymis
Propels sperm through the urethra

Question 67

The World Health Organization has standardized the performance and reporting of semen analysis.