Deck 4: Physical Examination of Urine

Question 1

A patient that has been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus will produce urine with:

A) Increased volume and decreased specific gravity
B) Decreased volume and decreased specific gravity
C) Increased volume and increased specific gravity
D) Decreased volume and increased specific gravity

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A urine with the same specific gravity as the ultrafiltrate is called:

A) Isosthenuric
B) Hyposthenuric
C) Ultrasthenuric
D) Hypersthenuric

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A urine specific gravity measured by refractometer is 1.028,and the urine temperature is 29?C.The specific gravity should be reported as:

A) 1.020
B) 1.025
C) 1.028
D) 1.031

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The specific gravity of urine is directly proportional to its:

A) Turbidity
B) Dissolved solids
C) Salt content
D) Glucose content

Question 5

Which of the following urine colors and causes match?

A) Red-carotene
B) Dark yellow-porphyrins
C) Black-melanin
D) Green-pyridium

Question 6

The color of a urine specimen containing blood can be attributed to all of the following except the:

A) Amount of blood
B) Blood type of patient
C) pH of the urine
D) Length of contact

Question 7

A patient has the following readings on two different urine specimens:??Which of the following statements best describes these results?

A) The protein and glucose in Specimen B are falsely elevated because of the specific gravity.
B) The results of Specimen A are falsely decreased because of the specific gravity.
C) The microscopic findings in Specimen A are decreased because of the pH.
D) The microscopic findings in Specimen B are increased because of the glucose.

Question 8

The presence of a white precipitate in freshly voided urine can be caused by:

A) Amorphous urates in alkaline urine
B) Amorphous urates in acid urine
C) Amorphous phosphates in alkaline urine
D) Amorphous phosphates in acid urine

Question 9

A dark yellow urine producing yellow foam may contain:

A) Hemoglobin
B) Protein
C) Red blood cells
D) Bilirubin

Question 10

The primary pigment responsible for normal urine color is:

A) Uroerythrin
B) Urochrome
C) Hemoglobin
D) Bilirubin

Question 11

Urine from a patient diagnosed with hepatitis will appear:

A) Pale yellow
B) Amber
C) Red
D) Brown

Question 12

Slightly warming a turbid urine specimen may dissolve:

A) Talcum powder
B) Amorphous urates
C) Amorphous phosphate
D) Radiographic contrast media

Question 13

The pigment responsible for a pink precipitate in refrigerated urine is:

A) Uroerythrin
B) Urochrome
C) Bilirubin
D) Biliverdin

Question 14

A specimen with a specific gravity of 1.040 and a 1+ glucose and a negative reagent strip protein is most likely caused by:

A) Glucose
B) Protein
C) Diabetes insipidus
D) Radiographic contrast media

Question 15

The addition of dilute acetic acid to a cloudy urine specimen will dissolve:

A) Amorphous urates
B) White blood cells
C) Yeast
D) Amorphous phosphate

Question 16

Which of the following specific gravity readings correlates with a pale yellow urine?

A) 1.005
B) 1.015
C) 1.025
D) 1.035

Question 17

An antidiuretic hormone deficiency is associated with a:

A) Specific gravity close to 1.025
B) Low specific gravity
C) High specific gravity
D) Variable specific gravity

Question 18

A urine specimen that turns black after standing may contain:

A) Porphobilinogen
B) Homogentisic acid
C) Carboxyhemoglobin
D) Myoglobin

Question 19

If a refractometer reads 1.003 with distilled water,the technologist should:

A) Subtract 0.003 from the specimen results
B) Add 0.003 to the specimen results
C) Use a urinometer to measure the specific gravity
D) Calibrate the refractometer by adjusting the set screw

Question 20

Specimens that contain intact red blood cells can be visually distinguished from specimens that contain hemoglobin because:

A) Hemoglobin produces a brighter red color
B) Hemoglobin produces a cloudy pink specimen
C) Intact red blood cells produce a cloudy specimen
D) Intact red blood cells are rapidly converted to hemoglobin

Question 21

Urine specific gravity can be measured by both physical and chemical methods.

Question 22

A urine turns black after standing,develops a cloudy white precipitate,and has a specific gravity of 1.010.
Based on the information provided,the primary concern about this specimen is:

A) Color
B) Turbidity
C) Specific gravity
D) None of the above

Question 23

A urine turns black after standing,develops a cloudy white precipitate,and has a specific gravity of 1.010.
Based on the information provided,the most likely cause of the black color in this specimen is:

A) Methemoglobin
B) Methyldopa
C) Melanin
D) Homogentisic acid

Question 24

Collection of a midstream clean-catch specimen can affect the clarity of a urine specimen.

Question 25

The density of a urine specimen can affect the frequency of a sound wave.

Question 26

A urine turns black after standing,develops a cloudy white precipitate,and has a specific gravity of 1.010.
Based on the information provided,the primary basis for the changes that took place in this specimen is:

A) Photo-oxidation
B) Exposure over time to ambient air
C) Specimen contamination during handling
D) Evaporation of specimen

Question 27

A urine specimen is diluted 1:10,and the specific gravity reads 1.006.The actual specific gravity is:

A) 1.006
B) 1.016
C) 1.060
D) 10.006

Question 28

Bacterial decomposition of urea produces urine that has an odor resembling:

A) Aromatic amines
B) Asparagus
C) Ammonia
D) Bleach

Question 29

A urine turns black after standing,develops a cloudy white precipitate,and has a specific gravity of 1.010.
Based on the information provided,the most probable cause of the white precipitate is:

A) Amorphous urates
B) Lipids
C) Amorphous phosphates
D) Radiographic contrast media

Question 30

Urine specific gravity is equally influenced by the presence of glucose and sodium.

Question 31

Results of a specific gravity reading obtained by refractometer in the urology clinic do not agree with the readings obtained by the laboratory's automated reagent strip reader.The laboratory should:

A) Recalibrate the reagent strip reader
B) Check the calibration of the refractometer in the clinic
C) Request the clinic to collect new specimens
D) Report the results from the reagent strip reader

Question 32

A supervisor should be concerned if a specific gravity reading of 1.008 is reported on a turbid urine specimen.

Question 33

A clear yellow urine will not contain any pathologically significant constituents.

Question 34

The calibration of the refractometer can be quality-controlled using all of the following except:

A) Distilled water
B) 5% NaCl
C) 9% sucrose
D) Commercial controls

Question 35

A pale yellow urine is a primary indication of impaired renal function.

Question 36

A urine specimen that remains at room temperature for several hours may develop a darker yellow color.

Question 37

Which of the following statements concerning measurement of specific gravity by refractometer is not true?

A) The refractometer must be calibrated after every specimen.
B) This method is not affected by the temperature of the specimen.
C) This method measures dissolved particles in the urine.
D) The method requires less than 1 mL of urine.

Question 38

Specific gravity is a measure of:

A) Particle numbers
B) Molecular weight
C) Molarity
D) Density

Question 39

Clear red urine and red plasma are associated with myoglobinuria.

Question 40

The refractive index compares:

A) Light velocity in solutions with light velocity in solids
B) Light velocity in air with light velocity in solutions
C) Light scattering by air with light scattering by solutions
D) Light scattering by particles in solutions

Question 41

Indicate whether each of the following substances causes clinically significant or nonsignificant urine turbidity:
A.Significant
B.Nonsignificant
Amorphous urates

Question 42

Match the following urine colors with their cause.(Some answer options may be used twice or not at all):
A.Amber
B.Green
C.Pale yellow
D.Black
E.Red
F.Dark yellow
Porphobilinogen

Question 43

Matching
State whether the following specimens are acceptable or unacceptable for routine urinalysis testing:
A.Acceptable
B.Unacceptable
A port wine-colored specimen with a negative test for blood

Question 44

Match the following urine colors with their cause.(Some answer options may be used twice or not at all):
A.Amber
B.Green
C.Pale yellow
D.Black
E.Red
F.Dark yellow
Beets

Question 45

Indicate whether each of the following substances causes clinically significant or nonsignificant urine turbidity:
A.Significant
B.Nonsignificant
White blood cells

Question 46

Match the following urine colors with their cause.(Some answer options may be used twice or not at all):
A.Amber
B.Green
C.Pale yellow
D.Black
E.Red
F.Dark yellow
Melanin

Question 47

Indicate whether each of the following substances causes clinically significant or nonsignificant urine turbidity:
A.Significant
B.Nonsignificant
Radiographic contrast media

Question 48

Matching
State whether the following specimens are acceptable or unacceptable for routine urinalysis testing:
A.Acceptable
B.Unacceptable
A clear,pale yellow specimen with a specific gravity of 1.030

Question 49

Match the following urine colors with their cause.(Some answer options may be used twice or not at all):
A.Amber
B.Green
C.Pale yellow
D.Black
E.Red
F.Dark yellow
Bilirubin

Question 50

Match the following conditions with their urine odor (Some answer options may be used twice or not at all):
A.Fruity
B.Ammonia
C.Bleach
D.Aromatic
Bacterial infection

Question 51

Matching
State whether the following specimens are acceptable or unacceptable for routine urinalysis testing:
A.Acceptable
B.Unacceptable
A hazy,yellow urine that produces a noticeable amount of white foam

Question 52

Match the following urine colors with their cause.(Some answer options may be used twice or not at all):
A.Amber
B.Green
C.Pale yellow
D.Black
E.Red
F.Dark yellow
Polydipsia

Question 53

Match the following urine colors with their cause.(Some answer options may be used twice or not at all):
A.Amber
B.Green
C.Pale yellow
D.Black
E.Red
F.Dark yellow
Pseudomonas infection

Question 54

Matching
State whether the following specimens are acceptable or unacceptable for routine urinalysis testing:
A.Acceptable
B.Unacceptable
A cloudy,brown-black urine with a positive test for blood and a strong odor of ammonia

Question 55

Matching
State whether the following specimens are acceptable or unacceptable for routine urinalysis testing:
A.Acceptable
B.Unacceptable
A pale yellow urine with a noticeable odor of bleach

Question 56

Indicate whether each of the following substances causes clinically significant or nonsignificant urine turbidity:
A.Significant
B.Nonsignificant
Squamous epithelial cells

Question 57

Indicate whether each of the following substances causes clinically significant or nonsignificant urine turbidity:
A.Significant
B.Nonsignificant
Lipids

Question 58

Match the following urine colors with their cause.(Some answer options may be used twice or not at all):
A.Amber
B.Green
C.Pale yellow
D.Black
E.Red
F.Dark yellow
Clorets

Question 59

Indicate whether each of the following substances causes clinically significant or nonsignificant urine turbidity:
A.Significant
B.Nonsignificant
Bacteria

Question 60

Match the following conditions with their urine odor (Some answer options may be used twice or not at all):
A.Fruity
B.Ammonia
C.Bleach
D.Aromatic
Normal urine

Question 61

Match the following conditions with their urine odor (Some answer options may be used twice or not at all):
A.Fruity
B.Ammonia
C.Bleach
D.Aromatic
Diabetes mellitus