Deck 2: Concepts of Personality Development

Question 1

Which part of the personality as described by Freud is developed as the child internalizes the values and morals set forth by primary caregivers?

Question 2

Define personality.

Answer 2

Personality:
Personality can be simply defined as the blend of traits or qualities that form a typical character of an individual.
In the words of Black and Andreasen, personality can be defined as the trait or typical way in which an individual think, feels and behaves in different situations. This established model of behavior which each individual develops either knowingly or unknowingly is personality.

Question 3

Mr. J. is a new client on the psychiatric unit. He is 35 years old. Theoretically, in which level of psychosocial development (according to Erikson) would you place Mr. J.?

A) Intimacy vs. isolation
B) Generativity vs. self-absorption
C) Trust vs. mistrust
D) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Answer 3

Erikson's theory is a psychoanalytic theory. It identifies the eight stages a healthy developing human should pass through from infancy to late adulthood. On successful completion of one stage, the person enters the next stage. The challenges of any stage if not completed successfully, they will reappear as problems in later stages of life.
The developmental stage of individual ages 20-30 years old is intimacy versus isolation.
Therefore, choice 'a' is wrong.
The developmental stage of infants is trust versus mistrust.
Therefore, choice 'c' is wrong.
Autonomy versus shame and doubt is the developmental stage of children ages 18 months - 3 years.
Therefore, choice 'd' is wrong.
Based on Erikson's theory, the 35-yearold man falls under adulthood, which is at 30-65 years, where he belongs to the stage of Generativity versus Self-absorption. Therefore, he must attain his life goals, as he also considers the well-being of the next generation.
Thus, the correct answer is option (b).

Question 4

According to Erikson, what happens when the adolescent does not master the tasks of identity versus role confusion

Question 5

Identify the relevance of knowledge associated with personality development to nursing in the psychiatric/mental health setting.

Question 6

Mr. J. has been diagnosed with Schizophrenia. He refuses to eat, and told the nurse he knew he was "being poisoned." According to Erikson's theory, in what developmental stage would you place Mr. J.?

A) Intimacy vs. isolation
B) Generativity vs. self-absorption
C) Trust vs. mistrust
D) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Question 7

According to Mahler's theory, the individual with borderline personality disorder harbors fears of abandonment and underlying rage based on fixation in what stage of development?

Question 8

Discuss the major components of the following developmental theories:

A) Psychoanalytic theory-Freud
B) Interpersonal theory-Sullivan
C) Theory of psychosocial development-Erikson
D) Theory of object relations development-Mahler
E) A nursing model of interpersonal development-Peplau

Question 9

Janet, a psychiatric client diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder, has just been hospitalized for threatening suicide. According to Mahler's theory, Janet did not receive the critical "emotional refueling" required during the rapprochement phase of development. What are the consequences of this deficiency?

A) She has not yet learned to delay gratification.
B) She does not feel guilt about wrongdoings to others.
C) She is unable to trust others.
D) She has internalized rage and fears of abandonment.

Question 10

John is on the Alcohol Treatment Unit. He walks into the dayroom where other clients are watching a program on TV. He picks up the remote and changes the channel, saying, "That's a stupid program! I want to watch something else!" In what stage of development is John fixed according to Sullivan's interpersonal theory?

A) Juvenile. He is learning to form satisfactory peer relationships.
B) Childhood. He has not learned to delay gratification.
C) Early adolescence. He is struggling to form an identity.
D) Late adolescence. He is working to develop a lasting relationship.

Question 11

Adam has Antisocial Personality Disorder. He says to the nurse, "I'm not crazy. I'm just fun-loving. I believe in looking out for myself. Who cares what anyone thinks? If it feels good, do it!" Which of the following describes the psychoanalytical structure of Adam's personality?

A) Weak id, strong ego, weak superego
B) Strong id, weak ego, weak superego
C) Weak id, weak ego, punitive superego
D) Strong id, weak ego, punitive superego

Question 12

Larry, who has Antisocial Personality Disorder, feels no guilt about violating the rights of others. He does as he pleases without thought to possible consequences. In which of Peplau's stages of development would you place Larry?

A) Learning to count on others
B) Learning to delay gratification
C) Identifying oneself
D) Developing skills in participation

Question 13

Danny has been diagnosed with Schizophrenia. On the unit he appears very anxious, paces back and forth, and darts his head from side to side in a continuous scanning of the area. He has refused to eat, making some barely audible comment related to "being poisoned." In planning care for Danny, which of the following would be the primary focus for nursing?

A) To decrease anxiety and develop trust
B) To set limits on his behavior
C) To ensure that he gets to group therapy
D) To attend to his hygiene needs

Question 14

The nurse has just admitted Nancy to the psychiatric unit. The psychiatrist has diagnosed Nancy with Major Depressive Disorder. The nurse says to Nancy, "Please tell me what it was like when you were growing up." Which nursing role described by Peplau is the nurse fulfilling in this instance?

A) Surrogate
B) Resource person
C) Counselor
D) Technical expert

Question 15

The nurse has just admitted Nancy to the psychiatric unit. The psychiatrist has diagnosed Nancy with Major Depressive Disorder. The nurse says to Nancy, "What questions do you have about being here on the unit?" Which nursing role described by Peplau is the nurse fulfilling in this instance?

A) Resource person
B) Counselor
C) Surrogate
D) Technical expert

Question 16

The nurse has just admitted Nancy to the psychiatric unit. The psychiatrist has diagnosed Nancy with Major Depressive Disorder. The nurse says to Nancy, "Some changes will have to be made in your behavior. I care about what happens to you." Which nursing role described by Peplau is the nurse fulfilling in this instance?

A) Counselor
B) Surrogate
C) Technical expert
D) Resource person