Deck 7: Renal Disease

Question 1

Which of the following disorders has the most favorable patient prognosis?

A) Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
B) Henoch-Schönlein purpura
C) IgA nephropathy
D) Goodpasture syndrome

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In which part of the kidney is uromodulin produced?

A) Proximal and distal tubules
B) Descending and ascending loop of Henle
C) Bowman's capsule and nephrons
D) Nephrons and collecting duct

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A patient with symptoms of pulmonary hemoptysis and urinary hematuria should be tested for:

A) Antiglomerular basement membrane antibody
B) Antistreptolysin O antibody
C) Antistreptococcal antibody
D) Anti-IgM antibody

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A decrease in systemic blood flow affects the renal tubules by producing:

A) Nephrotoxins
B) Ischemia
C) Electrolyte imbalance
D) Inflammation

Question 5

The most common cause of end-stage renal disease is:

A) Acute glomerulonephritis
B) Diabetic nephropathy
C) Minimal change disease
D) Alport syndrome

Question 6

Diseases affecting the glomerulus are primarily caused by:

A) Trauma
B) Diabetes
C) Immunological disorders
D) Toxic chemicals

Question 7

The presence of which of the following crystals can be associated with nephrotic syndrome?

A) Cholesterol
B) Tyrosine
C) Cystine
D) Ampicillin

Question 8

The buildup of crescentic formations on the glomerular capillaries is characteristic of:

A) Goodpasture syndrome
B) Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
C) Wegener's granulomatosis
D) IgA nephropathy

Question 9

Damage to the glomerulus can occur as a result of all of the following except:

A) Increased filtration of electrolytes
B) Deposition of immune complexes
C) Deposition of amyloid materials
D) Cellular infiltration

Question 10

The pronounced edema associated with nephrotic syndrome is related to the:

A) Lipidemia
B) Hypoalbuminemia
C) Decreased glomerular filtration rate
D) Lipiduria

Question 11

Which inherited renal disorder manifests itself in the development of gout in teenage years?

A) Fanconi syndrome
B) Diabetes mellitus
C) Uromodulin-associated kidney disease
D) Chronic glomerulonephritis

Question 12

Glomerular basement membrane thickening occurs in membranous glomerulonephritis as a result of deposition of:

A) IgA immune complexes
B) IgG immune complexes
C) Protein components
D) Amyloid material

Question 13

Blood tests can be used to confirm the diagnosis of acute glomerulonephritis because of the detection of:

A) M protein
B) Electrolyte imbalance
C) Antistreptococcal antibodies
D) Decreased serum albumin

Question 14

Goodpasture syndrome and Wegener's granulomatosis are associated with the presence of which of the following in the urine sediment?

A) Hyaline casts
B) Red blood cell casts
C) Waxy casts
D) White blood cell casts

Question 15

A renal disorder associated with heroin abuse is:

A) Nephrotic syndrome
B) Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
C) Chronic glomerulonephritis
D) Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Question 16

All of the following are symptoms of acute glomerulonephritis except:

A) Periorbital edema
B) Hematuria
C) Proteinuria
D) Hypoalbuminemia

Question 17

Oval fat bodies and fatty casts are characteristic urine sediment constituents in patients with:

A) Chronic glomerulonephritis
B) Acute interstitial nephritis
C) Nephrotic syndrome
D) Wegener's granulomatosis

Question 18

The major cause of the nephrotic syndrome in children is:

A) IgA nephropathy
B) Minimal change disease
C) Membranous glomerulonephritis
D) Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

Question 19

Glucosuria and generalized aminoaciduria are characteristics of:

A) Fanconi syndrome
B) Nephrotic syndrome
C) Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
D) Diabetes mellitus

Question 20

The presence of heavy proteinuria is most characteristic of:

A) Acute glomerulonephritis
B) Acute interstitial nephritis
C) Pyelonephritis
D) Nephrotic syndrome

Question 21

Following recovery from an upper respiratory infection,a 5-year-old boy develops numerous petechiae.He reports that his urine is red.Results of his urinalysis are:

Based on the information provided,how does the presence of petechiae relate to the abnormal results?

A) Allergic reaction
B) Decreased vascular integrity
C) Increased platelets
D) Increased destruction of red cells

Question 22

Acute renal failure may be classified as all of the following except:

A) Rapidly progressive
B) Prerenal
C) Renal
D) Postrenal

Question 23

Administration of a nephrotoxic antibiotic to a patient with a decreased glomerular filtration rate may cause:

A) Acute tubular necrosis
B) Acute interstitial nephritis
C) Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
D) Nephrotic syndrome

Question 24

The finding of bacterial casts can be associated with:

A) Acute pyelonephritis
B) Acute interstitial nephritis
C) Cystitis
D) Acute glomerulonephritis

Question 25

Lithotripsy is a procedure that is performed to:

A) Prevent the formation of renal calculi
B) Determine the composition of renal calculi
C) Aid in the remove of renal calculi
D) Identify the presence of renal calculi

Question 26

Cystitis can be differentiated from pyelonephritis by:

A) Performing a cystoscopy
B) The presence of white blood cell casts
C) Performing blood cultures
D) The presence of bacteriuria

Question 27

The microscopic hematuria associated with renal lithiasis is caused by:

A) Glomerular damage
B) Tubular inflammation
C) Tissue irritation
D) Bacterial infection

Question 28

Following recovery from an upper respiratory infection,a 5-year-old boy develops numerous petechiae.He reports that his urine is red.Results of his urinalysis are:

Based on the information provided,what other specimen(s)could be collected and tested for the presence of blood?

A) Sputum
B) Cerebral spinal fluid
C) Bronchial washing
D) Abdominal fluid

Question 29

Microscopic urinalysis findings of a patient with acute interstitial nephritis include all of the following except:

A) Bacteria
B) White blood cells
C) Red blood cells
D) White blood cell casts

Question 30

Following recovery from an upper respiratory infection,a 5-year-old boy develops numerous petechiae.He reports that his urine is red.Results of his urinalysis are:

Based on the information given,what is the most probable diagnosis?

A) Henoch-Schönlein purpura
B) Minimal change disease
C) Wegener's granulomatosus
D) Goodpasture syndrome

Question 31

Causes of acute renal failure can include all of the following except:

A) Malignancy
B) Goodpasture syndrome
C) Acute tubular necrosis
D) Renal calculi

Question 32

Infection of the bladder is termed:

A) Pyelitis
B) Nephritis
C) Cystitis
D) Bacteriuria

Question 33

The presence of increased renal tubular epithelial cell casts is most indicative of:

A) Nephrotic syndrome
B) Fanconi syndrome
C) Acute tubular necrosis
D) Acute pyelonephritis

Question 34

All of the following may be helpful in preventing the formation of renal calculi except:

A) Increased hydration
B) Increased exercise
C) Dietary restrictions
D) Adjustment of urine pH

Question 35

In which of the following disorders would waxy and broad casts be most likely to be seen?

A) Chronic pyelonephritis
B) Acute renal failure
C) Chronic renal failure
D) Acute interstitial nephritis

Question 36

Which of the following renal disorders is most likely to be inherited?

A) Nephrotic syndrome
B) Acute interstitial nephritis
C) Acute tubular necrosis
D) Fanconi syndrome

Question 37

In diabetic nephropathy,solid material deposited around the capillary tufts includes:

A) IgG
B) Glycosylated IgA
C) Glycosylated protein
D) IgM complexes

Question 38

Most renal calculi are composed of:

A) Ammonium phosphate
B) Magnesium
C) Uric acid
D) Calcium

Question 39

An increased urinary eosinophils are diagnostic for:

A) Acute pyelonephritis
B) Acute interstitial nephritis
C) Acute tubular necrosis
D) Chronic pyelonephritis

Question 40

The most serious tubulointerstitial disorder is:

A) Acute interstitial nephritis
B) Acute pyelonephritis
C) Chronic pyelonephritis
D) Cystitis

Question 41

State the most probable disorder that would relate to the following scenarios:
A patient whose microalbuminuria has progressed to a 2+ urine protein.

A) Alport syndrome
B) Diabetic nephropathy
C) Acute renal failure
D) Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Question 42

State the most probable disorder that would relate to the following scenarios:
A patient with a history of intermittent hematuria following strenuous exercise has an elevated serum immunoglobulin A level.

A) Minimal change disease
B) IgA nephropathy
C) Acute glomerulonephritis
D) Alport's disease

Question 43

The following results are obtained from a urinalysis on a patient who developed membranous glomerulonephritis following hepatitis B infection:

What is/are the primary structure(s)in the glomerulus that has/have been affected to cause these results?

A) Endothelial cells
B) Capillary tufts
C) Basement membrane
D) Podocytes

Question 44

State the most probable disorder that would relate to the following scenarios:
A positive antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody test is obtained on a patient exhibiting symptoms of pulmonary hemoptysis and urinary hematuria.

A) Acute glomerulonephritis
B) Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
C) Goodpasture syndrome
D) Wegener's granulomatosis

Question 45

A 40-year-old female tennis player with tendonitis is taking large doses of an over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent.After taking the medication for several weeks,she develops a skin rash and observes a decrease in urine volume.Results of her urinalysis are:

What additional test might be requested on this specimen?

A) Creatinine clearance
B) Prussian blue stain
C) Urine eosinophil stain
D) Fungal culture

Question 46

Indicate whether the following would cause acute renal failure that is of prerenal,renal,or postrenal origin:
Untreated cystitis

A) Prerenal
B) Renal
C) Postrenal

Question 47

State the most probable disorder that would relate to the following scenarios:
An HIV-positive patient develops edema,elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels,and heavy proteinuria.

A) Chronic glomerulonephritis
B) Nephrotic syndrome
C) Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
D) Fanconi syndrome

Question 48

State the most probable disorder that would relate to the following scenarios:
An intravenous pyelogram is performed on a child with a history of episodes of urinary frequency and burning and the presence of WBC and bacterial casts.

A) Acute interstitial nephritis
B) Minimal change disease
C) Acute pyelonephritis
D) Chronic pyelonephritis

Question 49

Indicate whether the following would cause acute renal failure that is of prerenal,renal,or postrenal origin:
Patient with positive blood cultures for Staphylococcus aureus

A) Prerenal
B) Renal
C) Postrenal

Question 50

A 40-year-old female tennis player with tendonitis is taking large doses of an over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent.After taking the medication for several weeks,she develops a skin rash and observes a decrease in urine volume.Results of her urinalysis are:

Why does this result correlate with the microscopic results?

A) Many white blood cells (WBCs) present
B) Casts present
C) Many red blood cells present
D) No bacteria seen

Question 51

Indicate whether the following would cause acute renal failure that is of prerenal,renal,or postrenal origin:
Patient with increased transitional epithelial cells in the urine sediment

A) Prerenal
B) Renal
C) Postrenal

Question 52

The following results are obtained from a urinalysis on a patient who developed membranous glomerulonephritis following hepatitis B infection:

What is the most probable disorder associated with these results?

A) Chronic glomerulonephritis
B) Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
C) Nephrotic syndrome
D) Renal failure

Question 53

State the most probable disorder that would relate to the following scenarios:
A patient who works in a steel-processing plant presents to the hospital with a normal plasma glucose has consistently elevated reagent strip urine glucose readings.

A) Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
B) Renal glycosuria
C) Fanconi syndrome
D) Goodpasture syndrome

Question 54

Indicate whether the following would cause acute renal failure that is of prerenal,renal,or postrenal origin:
Child who has ingested ethylene glycol

A) Prerenal
B) Renal
C) Postrenal

Question 55

The following results are obtained from a urinalysis on a patient who developed membranous glomerulonephritis following hepatitis B infection:

All of the following blood tests are markedly abnormal in this disorder,except:

A) Albumin
B) Cholesterol
C) Triglyceride
D) Lactate

Question 56

Indicate whether the following would cause acute renal failure that is of prerenal,renal,or postrenal origin:
Trauma requiring transfusion of 8 pints of blood

A) Prerenal
B) Renal
C) Postrenal

Question 57

The following results are obtained from a urinalysis on a patient who developed membranous glomerulonephritis following hepatitis B infection:

How do these results relate to the diagnosis of membranous glomerulonephritis?

A) Urinalysis results are similar.
B) Membranous glomerulonephritis progression to an advanced disorder.
C) They are not related.
D) The original diagnosis of membranous glomerulonephritis was wrong.

Question 58

State the most probable disorder that would relate to the following scenarios:
Following ingestion of mushrooms found growing in his garden,a man develops symptoms of oliguria,lethargy,and edema.Many renal tubular epithelial (RTE)cells are observed in his urinalysis.

A) Fanconi syndrome
B) Acute tubular necrosis
C) Nephrotic syndrome
D) Acute renal failure

Question 59

A 40-year-old female tennis player with tendonitis is taking large doses of an over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent.After taking the medication for several weeks,she develops a skin rash and observes a decrease in urine volume.Results of her urinalysis are:

What is the probable diagnosis?

A) Acute interstitial nephritis
B) Fanconi syndrome
C) Acute tubular necrosis
D) Acute glomerulonephritis

Question 60

A 40-year-old female tennis player with tendonitis is taking large doses of an over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent.After taking the medication for several weeks,she develops a skin rash and observes a decrease in urine volume.Results of her urinalysis are:

What is the most diagnostic reagent strip result in this urinalysis?

A) Positive leukocyte esterase
B) Positive protein
C) Positive blood
D) Negative nitrite