Deck 4: Blacks/African Americans

Question 1

The Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s

A) was less successful than the movement of the 1930s and 1940s.
B) primarily occurred in the North.
C) had no assistance from Jewish allies.
D) included lunch counter sit-ins that college students organized.
E) A and C only above.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In empirical research on access to employment, researchers found that

A) applicants with "Black-sounding" names were three times less likely to be called for interviews than applicants with "Hispanic-sounding" names.
B) applicants with "White-sounding" names were two times more likely to be called for interviews than applicants with "Hispanic-sounding" names.
C) having higher quality resumes did not increase the number of callbacks for Black applicants.
D) having a "White-sounding" name was equivalent to adding a college degree and an MBA to a person's qualifications.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In a study of car pricing, researchers found

A) race and sex were related to initial offer prices and to the final prices offered testers.
B) White men's initial offers were higher but final prices were lower than other testers.
C) White women were offered lower prices than all other groups.
D) strong consumer advocacy has reduced bias in car pricing.
E) None of the above.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Blacks who are high school graduates are about twice as likely to be unemployed as White high school graduates.

Question 5

Regarding involuntary servitude in the United States:

A) Africans were first sold in the United States around the time Christopher Columbus is credited with discovering America (1492).
B) During the same time that Africans were first sold in the U.S., Whites were also held as indentured servants.
C) Involuntary servitude of Africans and Whites continued at the same rates through 1865.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 6

Glass walls are

A) vertical barriers that prevent people from progressing beyond a certain level in an organization.
B) real barriers that prevent women and minorities people from entering staff instead of line positions.
C) barriers that prevent Whites and men from entering line instead of staff positions.
D) horizontal barriers that confine minorities and women to certain positions within organizations.

Question 7

In a study on employment and earnings of native and immigrant Blacks and Whites, Bucher found that

A) native and immigrant Blacks had similar earnings.
B) African-born Blacks had higher educational levels than native-born Blacks.
C) immigrants with less education had lower employment rates than native-born Blacks.
D) Only A and B are true.
E) All of the above.

Question 8

Harry Holzer's research investigating the relationships between firm size and employment hiring practices indicates that:

A) large companies hire much smaller percentages of Black employees than small companies.
B) small companies hire much smaller percentages of Black employees than larger companies do.
C) small and large companies employ about the same percentages of Black employees.
D) larger firms are less likely to have formal hiring practices than smaller firms.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is not true about sexual harassment of Black women?

A) Early on Black women were likely to be overrepresented in cases of sexual harassment brought against organizations, but are not currently overrepresented.
B) Companies have tolerated sexual harassment in some of these cases.
C) Black (and other minority) women are especially likely to be subjected to racialized sexual harassment.
D) Racialized harassment of Black women is likely rooted in the sexual abuse and powerlessness Black women endured as slaves.

Question 10

Glass ceilings and glass walls are likely to be strengthened by all of the practices below except:

A) Assigning less challenging work to minorities.
B) Minimizing constructive feedback to women and minorities to avoid being seen as racist.
C) Providing mentoring opportunities for women and minorities to take on positions involved with finance.
D) Assigning minorities to minority neighborhoods and clients so they can establish better connections.

Question 11

Which of the following is true of the Black population?

A) Blacks have a slightly higher birthrate than Whites.
B) A younger population means a larger proportion of Blacks will enter the workforce in the future.
C) Underutilization of Blacks' skills at work contributes to their illness and early death.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 12

Differences in Black/White accumulation of wealth are influenced by

A) differences in inheritance.
B) effects of discrimination which limits the ability of Blacks to acquire and thus pass on wealth.
C) disparities in mortgage loan approvals and rates for comparably credit-worthy Blacks and Whites.
D) racial segregation of neighborhoods.
E) All of the above.

Question 13

Discrimination against customers

A) is a thing of the past; organizations no longer practice this costly behavior.
B) can be avoided by profiling only "typical" shoplifters.
C) has negative effects on organizations' ability to market to diverse customer groups.
D) ironically can result in patronization from more desirable customers.

Question 14

Black women are less likely to be participating in the workforce than White women are.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the education and earnings of Blacks/African Americans is true?

A) Different educational levels between Blacks and Whites do not completely explain the Black/White earnings gap.
B) Earnings and employment differences between Blacks and Whites are due to the lower educational attainment of Blacks.
C) Returns to investments in education are similar across racial and ethnic groups and for women and men.
D) Black women have higher educational levels and earnings than Black men.

Question 16

The Black population is about

A) 30% of the U.S. population
B) 25% of the U.S. population
C) 20.5% of the U.S. population
D) 13.5% of the U.S. population
E) 8.5% of the U.S. population

Question 17

Regarding employment of Black women,

A) because of their "double-minority" status, Black women are preferred by employers when compared with White women and Black men.
B) Black women in the U.S. are less likely to work outside the home than women of any other racial or ethnic group.
C) Black women who work for unionized firms earn more than Black women who work for non-unionized firms.
D) Black women earn more than Black men.

Question 18

In research involving matched pairs of Black and White applicant testers to investigate the effects of having a criminal record on job search outcomes,

A) the negative effect of having a criminal record on employment opportunities was 40% larger for Blacks than for Whites.
B) Blacks with a criminal record received no callbacks.
C) more than half of Whites with a criminal record were called back for interviews.
D) neither Black nor White applicants with criminal records were called back for interviews.
E) None of the above.

Question 19

"New racism"

A) describes beliefs that racism is a thing of the past and that Blacks have attained excessive, unfair gains through programs such as affirmative action.
B) occurs when those who do not demonstrate overt racism use excuses, such as business justifications, to discriminate.
C) was demonstrated in research studies when unqualified Whites were chosen over qualified Blacks.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the education, employment, and/or earnings of Blacks/African Americans is true?

A) The participation rate of Black women is projected to increase by 2018.
B) Blacks with college degrees have similar employment levels and earnings as Whites with college degrees.
C) Because of affirmative action, Blacks with college degrees are more likely to be employed and have higher earnings than Whites with college degrees.
D) Black unemployment is higher than the unemployment of every other racial/ethnic group at the same educational level.

Question 21

Access discrimination occurs when people are employed, but treated differently after employment.

Question 22

Many of the failures that occurred in the Whirlpool Corporation case on sexual harassment were the result of not having a sexual harassment policy.

Question 23

Researchers estimate that about 35% of business establishments have no minority workers.

Question 24

Legally sanctioned (or mandated) discrimination and segregation persisted for decades after the end of slavery.

Question 25

As Whites are more likely to be managers than Blacks, the similarity effect tends to advantage White employees.

Question 26

Evidence suggests that employers need to attend more to access discrimination because there is little treatment discrimination in organizations.

Question 27

Lack of job autonomy and advancement at work have been associated with stress and high blood pressure for Blacks.

Question 28

The first U.S. Federal law regarding the citizenship of immigrants allowed only White men to become citizens.

Question 29

Removing name and sex-identifying information from resumes may be helpful in reducing discrimination.

Question 30

When Black parents engage in racial socialization, they usually decrease the ability of their Black children to handle discrimination in an effective manner.

Question 31

When access discrimination occurs, its targets are likely to be aware that it has occurred.

Question 32

In the Texaco discrimination case, Texaco executives made disparaging racial comments that were recorded on tape.

Question 33

Underemployment can affect the quality of a person's future employment.

Question 34

About 8% of the foreign-born population in the U.S. is Black and these immigrants Blacks are often perceived to be native born.

Question 35

On some military bases in the South, Black soldiers had to drink from separate water fountains for "colored" people while White soldiers and German prisoners of war drank from the fountains for Whites.