Deck 9: Ecology of the Mass Media

Question 1

Neurological studies of children's brains indicate activity in which area(s) of the brain when children view violent television shows?

A) Episodic memory
B) Arousal
C) Attention
D) All answers apply

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The mass communication system in the United States is generally characterized by

A) Private ownership.
B) Lack of new technology.
C) Lack of regulation.
D) Lack of media outlets, such as television stations.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Television and radio outlets make most of their profits

A) From door-to-door sales.
B) From advertising.
C) By writing grants.
D) By selling hard copies of news transcripts.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A child's risk of being overweight increases by _________ for every hour of television watched per day.

A) Less than 1%
B) 1%
C) 6%
D) 25%

Question 5

Newspapers, magazines, books, radio, and television are all examples of

A) Mass media.
B) The macrosystem.
C) The chronosystem.
D) All answers are correct.

Question 6

Which theory related to socialization believes that media content affects viewers' beliefs about the world and alters their behavior as a result?

A) Social Cognitive Theory
B) Cultivation Theory
C) Motivation Theory
D) Displacement Theory

Question 7

Which of the following characterizes trends in mass media systems over historical time?

A) Rare to available
B) Expensive to more affordable
C) Fixed to more portable
D) All answers are correct

Question 8

The National Television Violence Study poses the following risk(s) for viewers:

A) Learning to behave more violently.
B) Becoming desensitized to violence.
C) Becoming fearful of being attacked.
D) All of the above.

Question 9

The mass media are _______________________of culture.

A) Shapers
B) Spreaders
C) Transformers
D) All of the above

Question 10

Jalon's teacher read a book in which a monster emerged from under the bed. Since the book reading, Jalon has been afraid to go to sleep. This is an example of how a media message can

A) Change experience.
B) Enhance experience.
C) Interfere with experience.
D) All answers are correct.

Question 11

Violence on television is measured in terms of

A) Prevalence.
B) Rate.
C) Role.
D) All answers are correct: All are included in measures of television violence.

Question 12

With what aspects of family interaction does television viewing potentially interfere?

A) Communication
B) Resolution of problems
C) Development of relationships
D) All answers are correct

Question 13

Advanced in television broadcasting have created changes of millions of U.S. families in

A) Sleep habits.
B) Conversation patterns.
C) Meal arrangements.
D) All of the above.

Question 14

Scott spends much of his time watching TV instead of studying and doing his homework. This is an example of the ____________________theory.

A) Social Cognitive
B) Cultivation
C) Motivation
D) Displacement

Question 15

Four-year-old Andrea was taken to the emergency room because she tried to fly off of her bunk bed like her favorite superhero. What accounts for this?

A) Andrea has confused reality and fantasy.
B) Andrea is playing out a gender stereotype.
C) Andrea is cognitively delayed.
D) Andrea was probably coerced by an older sibling.

Question 16

The main emphasis of mass communication in the United States is on

A) Education
B) Entertainment
C) Information
D) News

Question 17

Jose spends about four hours watching television while his mother and father are at work. How does this compare to other children?

A) Somewhat the same
B) More than other children
C) Less than other children
D) More watch TV with their parents

Question 18

On average, how many hours per day do children spend in front of the television?

A) 1-2 hours
B) 3-5 hours
C) 6-9 hours
D) 12 or more hours

Question 19

After viewing violent scenes on television, young children are more willing to

A) Engage in altruistic acts.
B) Accept the aggressive behavior of other children.
C) Listen and talk to each other.
D) All answers are correct.

Question 20

According to researchers, studies indicate preschool children

A) Seem to understand animated content on television is not real.
B) Haven't yet begun to develop their imaginations.
C) Believe all content on television is not real.
D) Do not imitate what they see on television.

Question 21

In one study, college students who heard a violent song felt more _________ than those who heard a similar but non-violent song.

A) Hostile
B) Relaxed
C) Confused
D) Numb

Question 22

Print-based culture is still the primary basis for information about all of the following except

A) Education.
B) Religion.
C) Government.
D) Entertainment.

Question 23

Books and magazines tend to portray males as _________ whereas females are portrayed as _________.

A) Active; Passive
B) Immobile; Mobile
C) Passive; Aggressive
D) Invisible; Visible

Question 24

One way which parents can mediate children's television viewing is by

A) Allowing children to choose their own shows.
B) Allowing unlimited access to the television.
C) Controlling the number of hours of television exposure.
D) Putting a TV in the child's bedroom.

Question 25

In the United States, how many children have access to computers at school?

A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 50%
D) Nearly all

Question 26

According to your text, which of the following is true?

A) Family discussions of televised sexuality can help offset what teens see on television.
B) A significant portion of adolescents' information about sexuality comes from prime time television.
C) Sex appeal and sexual activity are glamorized on television.
D) All answers are correct.

Question 27

The omission of feminine and ethnic group references, pronouns, and names is an example of

A) Name-calling.
B) Fragmentation and Isolation.
C) Linguistic Bias.
D) Cosmetic Bias.

Question 28

Advertisers report that children start asking for brain names as early as age

A) 2.
B) 5.
C) 8.
D) 10.

Question 29

Studies of television find preschoolers show elevated attention to

A) Women.
B) Lively music.
C) Repetition.
D) All answers are correct.

Question 30

Reading differs from other types of media influences in that

A) Literary language is more complex.
B) Reading requires a child to process information.
C) Reading requires a child to engage in fantasy.
D) All answers are correct.

Question 31

Action for Children's Television is an example of a

A) Public Interest Group.
B) Law protecting children.
C) Legislative body.
D) Government agency.

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a bias one might find in a textbook?

A) Invisibility
B) Stereotyping
C) Fragmentation and Isolation
D) All answers are correct; All refer to biases one could find in a textbook

Question 33

Wilson & Weiss (1993) found that co-viewing a television show with _________ increased preschoolers' enjoyment of a scary program.

A) Parents
B) Teachers
C) Older siblings
D) A blanket

Question 34

One key difference between books and magazines as it relates to socialization is that magazines contain

A) Stories.
B) Advertisements.
C) Written language.
D) Page numbers.

Question 35

The number of sexual scenes on television has _________ since 1998.

A) Nearly doubled
B) Nearly tripled
C) Increased five fold
D) Remained the same

Question 36

According to your text, when sexually-suggestive bedroom scenes on shown on television, the couples in the scenes are typically

A) Married.
B) Unmarried.
C) Neither answer is correct; both married and unmarried couples are shown in equal frequency.
D) Neither answer is correct; couples are never seen in sexually-suggestive bedroom scenes on television.

Question 37

Children ages birth to six spend as much time with television, computers, and video games as they do

A) In cooperative play.
B) Playing outside.
C) In model-building play.
D) In formal operational thought.

Question 38

Which form of media is considered to be the expression of the youth subculture?

A) Magazines
B) Books
C) Movies
D) Music

Question 39

Separating issues, information, and contributions of certain groups from main instructional materials rather than integrating them is an example of

A) Name-calling.
B) Fragmentation and Isolation.
C) Linguistic Bias.
D) Cosmetic Bias.

Question 40

The phenomenon in which as individual exposed to a suggestion will act on it is called

A) Contagion.
B) Reflection.
C) Cosmetic Bias.
D) Stereotyping.

Question 41

Which of the following best describes the point of the Leu et al (2005) study?

A) Children are able to find websites.
B) Children believe what they read on the web.
C) Children prefer animal topics over human topics.
D) Children prefer green and white as website colors.

Question 42

The overt expression of physical force against others or self is known as _________.

Question 43

_________ theories examine physiological changes in the body and subsequent emotions that occur.

Question 44

At what age do children start to become aware that the purpose of a television advertisement is to sell something?

Question 45

Which of the following is not a positive way in which video games influence socialization?

A) Games can provide an introduction to information technology.
B) Games give practice in following directions.
C) Games have clear lines between fantasy and reality.
D) Games provide practice with fine motor skills.

Question 46

In the Leu et al study (2005), most children thought the website for the Endangered Pacific Northwest Tree Octopus was

A) Cute.
B) Scientifically valid.
C) Hard to follow.
D) Slow to load (show on the screen).

Question 47

The term which refers to the extent to which violence occurs in a television program is the _________ of violence.

Question 48

Advertisers report that children start asking for brand names as early as _________ years old.

Question 49

Jackson et al. (2006) found that low-income children who used the internet more frequently had

A) Higher reading scores after 6 months.
B) Lower reading scores after 6 months.
C) Higher math skills ten years later.
D) Better social skills than other children.

Question 50

The term which refers to the frequency of violent episodes per television show is the _________ of violence.

Question 51

All of the following are problems with internet technology except

A) Appropriateness of content on some websites.
B) Piracy issues over illegal transferring of copyrighted material.
C) The inability to "hack" into unauthorized material.
D) Viruses and worms that can destroy data.

Question 52

When the intent of an advertisement is concealed or hidden, this is known as _________ advertising.

Question 53

_________ refers to the form of communication in which large audiences quickly receive a given message via an impersonal medium between the sender and the receiver.

Question 54

According to your text, who plays video games more often?

A) Males
B) Females
C) Neither; Males and females play video games with equal frequency
D) Neither; This variable has not been studied

Question 55

Cable and home video entered the media scene in the ______________.

Question 56

In contrast to the radio, for example, computers, game consoles, and cell phones are considered to be _________ media.

Question 57

When featured characters on children's television shows are linked to toys sold in the marketplace, this is known as _________ marketing.

Question 58

Perceptions of reality fall into two categories: factuality and __________________________________.

Question 59

The gradual reduction in response to a stimulus after repeated exposure is ____________________.

Question 60

The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is charged with consumer _________.

Question 61

What is the relationship between books and television? Children read _________ books when television is available to them.

Question 62

Janelle has an oversimplified view of the elderly, in part because she watches a lot of television and does not know any older adults. Janelle's view would be called a _________.

Question 63

Imagine you are lobbying for increased regulation of television programs for young children. Write an essay describing the effect(s) televised violence has on children.

Question 64

The frequency of sexual references on TV has ________________ steadily over the last two decades.

Question 65

The award given yearly for the most distinguished picture book for children is called the ________________________.

Question 66

The Public Broadcasting System (PBS) was founded in what year?

Question 67

A socializing effect of magazines is _____________________________.

Question 68

The award presented each year for the most distinguished contribution to American literature for children is called the _________.

Question 69

_________ refers to the underrepresentation of certain groups, such as in textbooks.

Question 70

The total amount of media used by young people ages 8 - 18 each day has increased to more than _____________ hours per day.

Question 71

More than _________ out of every five children are not read to daily.

Question 72

It is difficult to separate the socializing effects of the ______________of the book or magazine from the socializing effects of the __________________ of the reader.

Question 73

Electronic play for infants and toddlers can be a distraction from the developmental task of developing a ___________________.

Question 74

As it applies to libraries, a _________ is an attempt, via a formal, written complaint, to remove or restrict materials based on the objections of a person or group.

Question 75

Provide an overview of recent chronosystem influences on the mass media.

Question 76

_________ attention involves choosing stimuli from one's environment to notice, observe, and consider.

Question 77

By early adolescence, teens listen to music (radio, CDs, music, videos) _________ hours per day.

Question 78

Action for Children's Television is an example of a(n) _________.

Question 79

_________ refers to the phenomenon in which an individual exposed to a suggestion will act on it.

Question 80

The omission of feminine pronouns and names in a textbook is an example of _________ bias.