Deck 14: Life Cycle Nutrition

Question 1

The first trimester includes the:

A)entire embryonic period only.
B)entire embryonic period and part of the fetal period.
C)entire embryonic period and fetal period.
D)entire fetal period.

Answer 1

entire embryonic period and part of the fetal period.

Question 2

How much weight should underweight women gain during pregnancy?

A)15-25 pounds
B)20-35 pounds
C)25-35 pounds
D)28-40 pounds

Answer 2

28-40 pounds

Question 3

What process occurs when body size increases as a result of an increase in the number and/or size of cells?

A)Development
B)Growth
C)Maturation
D)Aging

Answer 3

Growth

Question 4

The length of the pregnancy is called:

A)gestation.
B)periconceptual period.
C)critical period.
D)None of the above

Question 5

A baby was born at 38 weeks of gestation, weighing 3 lbs 8 oz. The baby was:

A)considered low birth weight.
B)born prematurely.
C)normal for gestational age.
D)large for gestational age.

Question 6

An increase in the number ocalled:

A)hyperplasia.
B)hypoplasia.
C)hypertrophy.
D)hypotrophy.

Question 7

What are the two most important predictors of infant health listed here?

A)Gestational age and birth weight
B)Head circumference and birth weight
C)Gestational age and mother's health
D)Gestational age and presence of the sucking reflex

Question 8

Growth and development affect:

A)body size.
B)body composition.
C)nutrient and energy requirements.
D)a and c
E)All of the above

Question 9

A baby was born at 38 weeks of gestation, weighing 4250 grams (>95th percentile). The baby was:

A)preterm.
B)premature.
C)full term.

Question 10

What term refers to “attainment or progression of a skill or capacity to function” such as the ability to walk during late infancy?

A)Development
B)Growth
C)Maturation
D)Senescence

Question 11

What percentage of birth defects have no known cause?

A)50
B)60
C)70
D)80

Question 12

How many weeks are included in the first trimester?

A)10
B)11
C)12
D)13

Question 13

What are substances that disrupt the normal course of cell growth and development called?

A)Anatogens
B)Caratogens
C)Teratogens
D)Seratogens

Question 14

An increase in cell size is called:

A)hyperplasia.
B)hypoplasia.
C)hypertrophy.
D)hypotrophy.

Question 15

How many pounds do babies weigh when they are classified as low-birth weight (LBW) infants?

A)< 4.0
B)< 4.5
C)< 5.0
D)< 5.5

Question 16

What are the most common measures used to assess growth?

A)Height and weight
B)Height and head circumference
C)Height and body mass index
D)Recumbent length and weight

Question 17

How much weight should overweight women gain during pregnancy?

A)15-25 pounds
B)20-35 pounds
C)25-35 pounds
D)28-40 pounds

Question 18

The united ovum and sperm are called a(n):

A)blastocyst.
B)embryo.
C)fetus.
D)zygote.

Question 19

How much weight should women of normal weight gain during pregnancy?

A)15-25 pounds
B)20-35 pounds
C)25-35 pounds
D)28-40 pounds

Question 20

How likely are low-birth weight (LBW) babies to die before 1 year of age as compared to normal infants?

A)5x
B)10x
C)20x
D)40x

Question 21

Shelly just found out she is pregnant and is 5’4” and weighs 185 lbs. How many pounds should Shelly weigh at most when she delivers if she gains the recommended amount of weight based on her starting weight?

A)205 lbs.
B)215 lbs.
C)225 lbs.
D)230 lbs.

Question 22

How many kcalories should pregnant women consume over and above their regular diet during the second trimester?

A)~150
B)~250
C)~350
D)~450

Question 23

How many kcalories should pregnant women consume over and above their regular diet during the third trimester?

A)~150
B)~250
C)~350
D)~450

Question 24

When does the formation of the neural tube occur in pregnancy?

A)Within the first 72 hours
B)Within the first week
C)Within the first 21 days
D)Within the second trimester

Question 25

What is the RDA for carbohydrate during pregnancy so as to provide adequate amounts of glucose for both the mother and the fetus?

A)100 g/day
B)175 g/day
C)250 g/day
D)325 g/day

Question 26

Which food choices would be the equivalent to the amount of protein that Shelly can remove from her diet and still meet her needs?

A)3-4 oz meat, fish, or poultry
B)6-7 oz meat, fish, or poultry
C)9-10 oz meat, fish, or poultry
D)12-13 oz meat, fish, or poultry

Question 27

Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk othe following?

A)Delivery of a preterm and/or LBW baby
B)Gestational diabetes
C)Increased weight gain
D)C-sections

Question 28

How often should foods rich in essential fatty acids be consumed during pregnancy?

A)Once per week
B)Several times per week
C)Several times per month
D)Once per month

Question 29

How many micrograms of folate should a woman of child-bearing age consume as a supplement or in fortified foods in addition to consuming folate naturally in her diet?

A)200
B)400
C)600
D)800

Question 30

Shelly realizes that she was eating far too much protein prior to becoming pregnant because she was following a low-carbohydrate diet, and would like to balance her diet better. The prenatal dietitian helped her calculate that she was consuming 150 grams of protein per day. How many grams of protein per day can Shelly take out of her diet while still meeting her needs?

A)20
B)40
C)60
D)80

Question 31

Which of the following oils is a significant source of omega-3 fatty acids?

A)Olive oil
B)Corn oil
C)Canola oil
D)Peanut oil

Question 32

Which of the following does not occur during pregnancy?

A)Appetite increases
B)Thirst increases
C)Gastrointestinal motility increases
D)Gastroesophageal reflux becomes more common

Question 33

Inadequacy of which vitamin at the time of conception increases the risk of having a baby with a neural tube defect?

A)Thiamin
B)Niacin
C)Folate
D)Riboflavin

Question 34

Why is maternal cigarette smoking harmful to a pregnant woman's developing fetus?

A)It causes dilation of the blood vessels
B)It deposits tar in the fetus's lungs
C)It reduces blood flow to the fetus
D)It delays detachment of the placenta

Question 35

If a woman consumed a well-planned diet prior to conception, then during pregnancy she would need to increase her daily iron intake by _____ milligrams.

A)5-7
B)7-9
C)9-12
D)12-15
E)15-18

Question 36

How many grams of protein per day should a pregnant woman add to her diet?

A)15 grams
B)20 grams
C)25 grams
D)30 grams

Question 37

Based on Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs), protein should provide _____ to _____% of total kcalories during pregnancy.

A)5, 20
B)10, 35
C)15, 40
D)20, 45

Question 38

Shelly is consuming ~2400 kcalories per day to meet her energy needs now that she is pregnant. How many grams of fat should she consume to meet her recommended intake?

A)33-73
B)43-83
C)53-93
D)63-103

Question 39

What is the best consumer-oriented tool to recommend that specifically provides nutrition guidance during pregnancy?

A)MyPlate
B)Dietary Reference Intakes
C)Healthy People 2010
D)Diet Analysis +

Question 40

Shelly was following a low-carbohydrate (25 grams CHO/day) diet for weight loss prior to conceiving, and now that she is pregnant she knows that she has to eat more. How many more grams of carbohydrate should Shelly plan to eat per day?

A)100
B)125
C)150
D)175

Question 41

Milk production is regulated by:

A)insulin.
B)prolactin.
C)oxytocin.
D)a and b
E)b and c

Question 42

Which fatty acid plays an important role in brain and eye development during infancy?

A)EPA
B)SFA
C)DHA
D)EFA

Question 43

What percentage of woman diagnosed with gestational diabetes develop type 2 diabetes later in life?

A)15
B)25
C)35
D)50

Question 44

What hormone stimulates the secretory cells in the mammary gland to synthesize milk?

A)Estrogen
B)Progesterone
C)Prolactin
D)Oxytocin

Question 45

Why is cow's milk unsuitable for infants?

A)Protein content is too high
B)Protein content is too low
C)Fat content is too high
D)Fat content is too low

Question 46

Within a few days after birth, infants lose what percentage of their body weight?

A)1-2
B)2-3
C)4-5
D)5-6

Question 47

What are the most common reasons why women discontinue breastfeeding?

A)"Perception" that milk production is inadequate or difficulties related to returning to work
B)Tired of inconvenience or desire to sleep through the night
C)Colicky baby or feeling that as baby gets older formula is better
D)Breastfeeding becomes more uncomfortable or too difficult to fit into hectic schedule

Question 48

How many pregnant women are affected by pre-eclampsia or toxemia of pregnancy?

A)1%
B)3%
C)7%
D)11%

Question 49

According to breastfeeding trends reported by the CDC, 75% of women initiate breastfeeding but by six months only _____% are still breastfeeding.

A)17
B)25
C)43
D)50

Question 50

Shelly, a breastfeeding mom, is obtaining the equivalent of 8 cups of water per day from foods and beverages and feels that she is drinking enough water. How many more cups of fluid should Shelly really be consuming per day?

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5

Question 51

Shelly has been breastfeeding for almost 9 months. How many kcalories does she currently need to consume each day, if her energy needs were 2400 kcal/day prior to pregnancy?

A)2660
B)2730
C)2800
D)2900

Question 52

What percentage of the kcalories in human milk come from lipids?

A)< 30%
B)30%-40%
C)40%-50%
D)> 50%

Question 53

How much does an infant’s weight change between birth and 4 to 6 months?

A)Weight doesn't change significantly
B)Weight doubles
C)Weight triples
D)Weight quadruples

Question 54

What the primary carbohydrates in human milk?

A)Sucrose and lactose
B)Lactose and oligosaccharides
C)Glucose and oligosaccharides
D)Fructose and lactose

Question 55

When a baby is one month old, his/her mom needs about _____ kcal/day to produce milk

A)300
B)400
C)500
D)600

Question 56

Shelly has delivered a healthy baby and is breastfeeding. She was consuming 2400 kcalories per day prior to pregnancy. How many total kcalories will she now need to consume?

A)2660
B)2730
C)2800
D)2900

Question 57

What the special substance produced in the mother's breasts after she gives birth?

A)Progesterone
B)Colostrum
C)Estrogen
D)Oxytocin

Question 58

The protein content of human milk is _____ compared to cow’s milk.

A)lower
B)the same
C)higher

Question 59

Some researchers believe that the desire to consume nonfood items may be related to a deficiency of:

A)iron.
B)folate.
C)B₁₂.
D)magnesium.

Question 60

Which substance in human milk enhances the absorption of iron and protects the infant from certain infectious diseases?

A)Vitamin C
B)Lactoferrin
C)Transferrin
D)Hemosiderin

Question 61

The branch of science and medicine dedicated to the social, behavioral, psychological, and health issues of aging is called:

A)gerontology.
B)seniorology.
C)senescencology.
D)geritology.

Question 62

Older adults are at _____ risk for developing nutrition-related problems.

A)decreased
B)the same
C)increased
D)no

Question 63

The average number of years that a person can expect to live is referred to as:

A)life expectancy.
B)longevity.
C)mortality.
D)life span.

Question 64

How does body composition change for males during adolescence?

A)Lean body mass increases
B)Lean body mass decreases
C)Fat body mass increases
D)Bone mass stabilizes

Question 65

One-third oin the U.S.watch _____ of television per day.

A)1 hour
B)1-2 hours
C)2-3 hours
D)3 or more hours

Question 66

Children below the _____ percentile for BMI are considered underweight.

A)5th
B)7th
C)10th
D)12th

Question 67

How much iron reserves does a full-term infant have when she or he is born?

A)3-month supply
B)4-month supply
C)5-month supply
D)6-month supply

Question 68

What percentage of children (6 to 11 years of age) are at or above the 95th percentile for BMI?

A)10
B)12
C)15
D)17

Question 69

Which statement is true?

A)BMI is routinely used to assess weight status and health risk in adults but not children.
B)Children with BMIs between the 85th and 95th percentiles are classified as obese.
C)Children with BMIs between the 85th and 95th percentiles are classified as at risk for overweight.
D)Classification of BMI in children is age dependent.

Question 70

Which of the following foods has a high allergic potential?

A)Peanut butter and jelly sandwich
B)Baked chicken
C)Vegetable rice pilaf
D)Fruit cup

Question 71

What percentage of schools in the U.S. meet the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s recommendation that children participate in 30 minutes of physical education class daily?

A)6-8
B)10-12
C)14-16
D)18-20

Question 72

What measurement is most commonly used to assess weight in children over 2 years of age?

A)Balance beam scale
B)Body mass index
C)Weight percentiles
D)Bioelectrical impedance analysis

Question 73

As a result of rapid growth and development associated with adolescence, the RDA for calcium during late adolescence has been set at:

A)1000 mg/day.
B)1100 mg/day.
C)1200 mg/day.
D)1300 mg/day.

Question 74

Popcorn, peanuts, hot dogs, and hard candy should be avoided during the 1st year of life because:

A)they are high in fat and/or sugar.
B)they pose a risk for choking.
C)those pose a risk for food allergy.
D)they pose a foodborne illness risk.

Question 75

Age-related loss of lean body mass causes:

A)total energy requirements to increase.
B)total energy expenditure to remain the same.
C)basal metabolism to decrease.
D)basic energy metabolism to increase.

Question 76

Which one of the following dairy products would be equivalent to 1 cup of milk based on calcium content?

A)1 cup of yogurt
B)1 ounce of hard cheese
C)1 ounce of processed cheese
D)½ cup ice-cream

Question 77

By what year of age are the AMDR’s for toddlers and young children close to those of adults?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 78

What is the protein requirement per kilogram of body weight per day for young adolescents?

A)0.8 g
B)0.85 g
C)0.9 g
D)0.95 g

Question 79

What is the maximum amount of juice recommended per day for older infants?

A)4-6 ounces per day
B)4-8 ounces per day
C)6-8 ounces per day
D)6-10 ounces per day

Question 80

The Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) during adolescence takes into account all of the following except:

A)energy needed to maintain health.
B)energy needed to promote optimal growth.
C)energy needed to support physical activity.
D)stress factors.