Deck 10: Water-Soluble Vitamins

Question 1

How many essential water-soluble vitamins are there?

A)7
B)9
C)11
D)13

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What is the name of the process in which certain vitamins and/or minerals are added to select foods such as rice, flour, bread and rolls, and farina in amounts suggested by the FDA?

A)Enrichment
B)Fortification
C)Enhancement
D)Supplementation

Answer 2

Enrichment

Question 3

Which of the following is a general characteristic of water-soluble vitamins in foods?

A)Bound to carbohydrates
B)Cleaved from proteins prior to absorption
C)Not destroyed by cooking
D)Not destroyed by light

Answer 3

Cleaved from proteins prior to absorption

Question 4

Which type of beriberi is also called Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

A)Dry beriberi
B)Wet beriberi
C)Infantile beriberi
D)Cerebral beriberi

Question 5

Where are most water-soluble vitamins absorbed?

A)Stomach
B)Small intestine
C)Liver
D)Large intestine

Question 6

Which of the following is not a function of thiamine’s coenzyme form?

A)It is required for your body to make ATP.
B)It is required for the activation of the enzyme needed to convert pyruvate to acetyl-CoA.
C)It is a required component in the citric acid cycle.
D)It is part of an enzyme that allows fatty acids to enter the citric acid cycle.

Question 7

What mineral must be added to a food for it to be labeled “enriched”?

A)Iron
B)Zinc
C)Calcium
D)Magnesium

Question 8

Which of the following food groups provides a good source of riboflavin?

A)Fruits
B)Vegetables
C)Bread and pasta
D)Dairy products

Question 9

How are vitamins classified?

A)Based on solubility
B)Based on amount needed per day
C)Based on food source
D)Based on their chemical structure

Question 10

Milk is packaged in opaque containers to protect which one of the following vitamins from being destroyed by exposure to light?

A)Niacin
B)Thiamin
C)Riboflavin
D)Folate

Question 11

What is beriberi?

A)Niacin deficiency
B)Thiamin deficiency
C)Folate deficiency
D)Iron deficiency

Question 12

Which vitamin can counteract the “antithiamin factors”?

A)Niacin
B)Biotin
C)Vitamin C
D)Folate

Question 13

Excess consumption of _____ can also decrease the bioavailability of thiamin.

A)alcohol
B)fats
C)meat
D)eggs

Question 14

Your patient’s intake of thiamin is severely low. Deficiency is characterized by:

A)severe muscle wasting.
B)inflammation of the mouth.
C)severe skin irritation.
D)severe diarrhea.

Question 15

What the chemical name for vitamin C?

A)Citric acid
B)Acetic acid
C)Ascorbic acid
D)Glutamic acid

Question 16

Though each vitamin is chemically distinct from the others, all vitamins:

A)contain nitrogen.
B)consist of sugar units.
C)are structurally "organic."
D)contain only double bonds.

Question 17

Which of the following foods contains “antithiamin factors” that destroy thiamin or interfere with its absorption?

A)Coffee
B)Milk
C)Eggs
D)Grapes

Question 18

What disease is characterized by severe muscle wasting, leg cramps, tenderness, and decreased feeling in the feet and toes?

A)Dry beriberi
B)Wet beriberi
C)Infantile beriberi
D)Cerebral beriberi

Question 19

Which vitamins must be added to a food for it to be labeled “enriched”?

A)Thiamin, niacin, riboflavin, and folate
B)Thiamin, B₆, riboflavin, and folate
C)Thiamin, niacin, pantothenic acid, and folate
D)Thiamin, B₁₂, riboflavin, and folate

Question 20

How are water-soluble vitamins initially circulated in the body?

A)Transported via the blood to the liver
B)Transported from the small intestine to the blood
C)Transported via the blood to the pancreas
D)Transported from the pancreas to the blood

Question 21

What vitamin assists in reduction-oxidation reactions, as well as several reactions that protect biological membranes from oxidative damage?

A)Thiamin
B)Riboflavin
C)Niacin
D)Pantothenic acid

Question 22

Use the following case study (10-A) to answer questions
Case Study 10-A: John is a 52-year-old factory worker.He has been admitted to the hospital and presents with muscle weakness and inflammation of his mouth.He is a bit confused and states that he isn't drinking now although he has a history of alcohol abuse.He has lost quite a bit of weight in the last six months, and his dietary intake has been poor.He was laid off a year ago but he is back to work part-time.Further testing has been ordered to determine the cause for concern and confirm the diagnosis.

-What food(s) would provide the most significant source of the vitamin missing in his diet?

A)Dairy products
B)Fish
C)Legumes
D)Pork

Question 23

The symptoms of _____ are often referred to as the four D’s: dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea, and death.

A)pellagra
B)beriberi
C)ariboflavinosis
D)pernicious anemia

Question 24

Use the following case study (10-A) to answer questions
Case Study 10-A: John is a 52-year-old factory worker.He has been admitted to the hospital and presents with muscle weakness and inflammation of his mouth.He is a bit confused and states that he isn't drinking now although he has a history of alcohol abuse.He has lost quite a bit of weight in the last six months, and his dietary intake has been poor.He was laid off a year ago but he is back to work part-time.Further testing has been ordered to determine the cause for concern and confirm the diagnosis.

-Based on the information provided, what vitamin(s) would you recommend supplementing?

A)B₁, B₂, B₃, & folate
B)B₁, B₃, B₁₂, & choline
C)B₁, B₂, B₆, & vitamin C
D)All of them

Question 25

Use the following case study (10-A) to answer questions
Case Study 10-A: John is a 52-year-old factory worker.He has been admitted to the hospital and presents with muscle weakness and inflammation of his mouth.He is a bit confused and states that he isn't drinking now although he has a history of alcohol abuse.He has lost quite a bit of weight in the last six months, and his dietary intake has been poor.He was laid off a year ago but he is back to work part-time.Further testing has been ordered to determine the cause for concern and confirm the diagnosis.

-Based on the information provided, what vitamin deficiency do the signs and symptoms suggest?

A)B₁
B)B₂
C)B₃
D)B₆

Question 26

The vitamin deficiency _____ is characterized by cheilosis, stomatitis, glossitis, muscle weakness, and confusion.

A)beriberi
B)pellagra
C)ariboflavinosis
D)pernicious anemia

Question 27

A deficiency of which vitamin was originally called mal del sol?

A)Thiamin
B)Riboflavin
C)Niacin
D)Biotin

Question 28

When intake of riboflavin is chronically low, where does absorption occur?

A)Stomach
B)Small intestine
C)Liver
D)Large intestine

Question 29

The amino acid tryptophan can be converted to:

A)niacin.
B)thiamin.
C)folate.
D)vitamin B₆.

Question 30

Treating grain products with which of the following can increase niacin’s bioavalability?

A)Baking soda
B)Vinegar
C)Lemon juice
D)Sugar water

Question 31

Use the following case study (10-A) to answer questions
Case Study 10-A: John is a 52-year-old factory worker.He has been admitted to the hospital and presents with muscle weakness and inflammation of his mouth.He is a bit confused and states that he isn't drinking now although he has a history of alcohol abuse.He has lost quite a bit of weight in the last six months, and his dietary intake has been poor.He was laid off a year ago but he is back to work part-time.Further testing has been ordered to determine the cause for concern and confirm the diagnosis.

-What might be another sign that the MD may report upon examining John, or a symptom that you would expect John to complain of?

A)Enlarged and inflamed tongue (glossitis)
B)Rough, red skin that eventually turns dark
C)Bleeding gums
D)Fishy body odor

Question 32

Use the following case study (10-A) to answer questions
Case Study 10-A: John is a 52-year-old factory worker.He has been admitted to the hospital and presents with muscle weakness and inflammation of his mouth.He is a bit confused and states that he isn't drinking now although he has a history of alcohol abuse.He has lost quite a bit of weight in the last six months, and his dietary intake has been poor.He was laid off a year ago but he is back to work part-time.Further testing has been ordered to determine the cause for concern and confirm the diagnosis.

-What could be the cause?

A)Poor dietary intake
B)Alcohol abuse
C)Thyroid disease
D)All of the above

Question 33

Which of the following foods provides a good source of niacin?

A)Citrus fruits
B)Dark green, leafy vegetables
C)Pasta, noodles, and/or rice
D)Chicken, fish, and/or beef

Question 34

People with Hartnup disorder have a genetic abnormality that impairs absorption of which of the following?

A)Thiamin
B)Niacin
C)Tryptophan
D)Riboflavin

Question 35

Use the following case study (10-A) to answer questions
Case Study 10-A: John is a 52-year-old factory worker.He has been admitted to the hospital and presents with muscle weakness and inflammation of his mouth.He is a bit confused and states that he isn't drinking now although he has a history of alcohol abuse.He has lost quite a bit of weight in the last six months, and his dietary intake has been poor.He was laid off a year ago but he is back to work part-time.Further testing has been ordered to determine the cause for concern and confirm the diagnosis.

-Which of the following diagnoses best fits the description?

A)Pernicious anemia
B)Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
C)Pellagra
D)Ariboflavinosis

Question 36

Which vitamin is needed to make NAD⁺ and NADP⁺?

A)Thiamin
B)Riboflavin
C)Niacin
D)Biotin

Question 37

What is the coenzyme form of pantothenic acid?

A)FAD
B)Coenzyme Q
C)NAD
D)Coenzyme A

Question 38

Another name for the vitamin riboflavin is:

A)vitamin B₁.
B)vitamin B₂.
C)vitamin B₃.
D)vitamin B₅.

Question 39

Which vitamin’s name is derived from the fact that it is found “everywhere” in the diet?

A)Pantothenic acid
B)Thiamin
C)Niacin
D)Riboflavin

Question 40

Which vitamin can be converted to a coenzyme that is needed to activate vitamin B₆?

A)Thiamin
B)Riboflavin
C)Niacin
D)Pantothenic acid

Question 41

It is recommended that adults consume 400 $\mu$ g (DFE) of folate daily. How does this recommendation change when a woman becomes pregnant?

A)Increases to 500 $\mu$ g (DFE) of folate daily
B)Increases to 600 $\mu$ g (DFE) of folate daily
C)Increases to 700 $\mu$ g (DFE) of folate daily
D)Increases to 800 $\mu$ g (DFE) of folate daily

Question 42

What the coenzyme form of vitamin B₆?

A)Flavin mononucleotide
B)Coenzyme Q
C)Pyridoxal phosphate
D)Coenzyme A

Question 43

In the movie “Rocky,” the main character drank shakes with raw eggs. Consequently, the bioavailability of _____ may have been reduced by the _____ in the eggs.

A)thiamin, avidin
B)thiamin, antithiamin factors
C)biotin, avidin
D)biotin, cobalamin

Question 44

The body uses biotin to make enzymes that catalyze which of the following chemical reactions?

A)Oxidation reactions
B)Carboxylation reactions
C)Reductions reactions
D)Coupled reactions

Question 45

Which vitamins are required for the production of methionine from homocysteine?

A)Thiamin and vitamin B₁₂
B)Niacin and vitamin B₆
C)Vitamin B₆ and vitamin B₁₂
D)Folate and vitamin B₁₂

Question 46

Which vitamin is required for synthesizing heme, a portion of hemoglobin found in blood?

A)Vitamin B₁
B)Vitamin B₂
C)Vitamin B₃
D)Vitamin B₅

Question 47

A deficiency of _____ results in microcytic, hypochromic anemia.

A)vitamin B₆
B)niacin
C)thiamin
D)vitamin B₁₂

Question 48

_____is a coenzyme for many reactions, all of which involve the transfer of single-carbon groups.

A)Thiamin
B)Riboflavin
C)Biotin
D)Folate

Question 49

Which of the following foods are especially good sources of vitamin B₆?

A)Chickpeas, fish, and chicken
B)Broccoli, eggs, and canola oil
C)Apples, wheat bread, and yogurt
D)Cheese, pineapple, and pasta

Question 50

Which food below contains the least amount of vitamin B₁₂?

A)Clams
B)Beef
C)Fortified cereal
D)Sweet potatoes

Question 51

A folate deficiency can be characterized by:

A)macrocytic, hypochromic anemia.
B)megaloblastic, microcytic anemia.
C)megaloblastic, macrocytic anemia.
D)microcytic, hypochromic anemia.

Question 52

Which vitamin consists of a nitrogen-containing double ring structure, a nitrogen-containing single ring structure, and a glutamic acid?

A)Biotin
B)Folate
C)Pantothenic acid
D)Vitamin B₁₂

Question 53

High levels of homocysteine are associated with an increased risk for:

A)heart disease.
B)type 2 diabetes.
C)kidney disease.
D)cancer.

Question 54

Which vitamin cannot be made by plants or higher animals?

A)Thiamin
B)Vitamin B₁₂
C)Vitamin B₆
D)Folate

Question 55

Jake, a body builder, is drinking two protein shakes that contain 6 raw egg whites each daily. What vitamin deficiency could result?

A)Vitamin B₆
B)Niacin
C)Biotin
D)Vitamin B₁₂

Question 56

Which vitamin is required by the enzyme that converts pyruvate to oxaloacetate, a key step in gluconeogenesis?

A)Thiamin
B)Niacin
C)Biotin
D)Vitamin B₁₂

Question 57

Which vitamin is needed to synthesize nonessential amino acids from essential amino acids?

A)Vitamin B₆
B)Niacin
C)Thiamin
D)Vitamin B₁₂

Question 58

“Burning feet syndrome” is thought to be due to what vitamin deficiency?

A)Pantothenic acid
B)Thiamin
C)Niacin
D)Riboflavin

Question 59

Which of the following foods are good sources of folate?

A)Green, leafy vegetables
B)Citrus fruits
C)Red meats
D)Dairy products

Question 60

Maternal supplementation of which vitamin decreases the risk of neural tube defects in some women?

A)Folate
B)Vitamin B₁₂
C)Vitamin B₆
D)Riboflavin

Question 61

When the intake of vitamin C is high, absorption occurs by:

A)simple diffusion.
B)active transport.
C)passive transport.
D)passive diffusion.

Question 62

Which vitamin enhances the absorption of iron?

A)Folate
B)Vitamin C
C)Vitamin B₆
D)Niacin

Question 63

What protein transports vitamin B₁₂ in the portal blood to the liver?

A)R protein
B)Transcobalamin
C)Cobalamin
D)C protein

Question 64

Which vitamin is not a coenzyme?

A)Niacin
B)Vitamin B₁₂
C)Vitamin B₆
D)Vitamin C

Question 65

Vitamin C enhances the absorption of:

A)iron.
B)selenium.
C)copper.
D)a and c
E)b and c

Question 66

Which vitamin can be made from glucose in all plants and most animals, but not in humans?

A)Niacin
B)Vitamin B₁₂
C)Vitamin B₆
D)Vitamin C

Question 67

What percentage of the elderly population are estimated to have vitamin B₁₂ deficiency?

A)5-30
B)10-35
C)15-40
D)20-45

Question 68

For which group of people is an additional 35 mg/day of vitamin C (beyond the RDA) recommended?

A)Alcohol users
B)Diabetics
C)Smokers
D)Athletes

Question 69

Which vitamin acts as an antioxidant?

A)Vitamin C
B)Folate
C)Vitamin B₆
D)Vitamin B₁₂

Question 70

When the intake of vitamin C is low, absorption occurs by:

A)simple diffusion.
B)active transport.
C)passive transport.
D)passive diffusion.

Question 71

B₁₂ deficiency is characterized by:

A)macrocytic anemia.
B)microcytic anemia.
C)neural tube defects.
D)a and b
E)a and c

Question 72

Bleeding gums, skin irritations, bruising, and poor wound healing are signs and symptoms of a condition called:

A)scurvy.
B)beriberi.
C)pellagra.
D)ariboflavinosis.

Question 73

The inability to produce intrinsic factor protein can result in a severe _____ deficiency.

A)vitamin C
B)vitamin B₁₂
C)vitamin B₆
D)folate

Question 74

Which one of vitamins below protects your body from free radicals?

A)Vitamin B₁
B)Vitamin B₃
C)Vitamin B₆
D)Vitamin C

Question 75

The liver typically contains several years’ worth of stores of which water-soluble vitamin?

A)Vitamin B₁₂
B)Pantothenic acid
C)Folate
D)Thiamin

Question 76

Intrinsic factor is made in the:

A)mouth.
B)stomach.
C)small intestine.
D)pancreas.

Question 77

Peppers, papayas, and peas contain a very good source of:

A)niacin.
B)vitamin B₁₂.
C)vitamin B₆.
D)vitamin C.

Question 78

Which vitamin requires glucose transport proteins for absorption?

A)Folate
B)Vitamin C
C)Vitamin B₆
D)Vitamin B₁₂

Question 79

Vegans have difficulty obtaining adequate amounts of _____ in the diet.

A)riboflavin
B)biotin
C)thiamin
D)vitamin B₁₂

Question 80

What does vitamin C “re-charge” via redox reactions so that enzymes are able to catalyze another reaction?

A)Iron and zinc atoms
B)Copper or iron atoms
C)Copper or zinc atoms
D)Iron and magnesium