Deck 9: Molecular Biology

Question 1

What type of bond keeps each individual DNA strand together?

A)covalent bonds
B)ionic bonds
C)hydrogen bonds

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes?

A)Prokaryotic chromosomes are coiled on histones; eukaryotic chromosomes are supercoiled
B)Prokaryotic chromosomes are linear; eukaryotic chromosomes are circular
C)Prokaryotic chromosomes are circular; eukaryotic chromosomes are linear

Answer 2

C

Question 3

If a strand of DNA of sequence 5'-AATAGCGCGGTATTC-3' is replicated, which of the following accurately represents the newly synthesized DNA strand?

A)3'-TTATCGCGCCATAAG-5'
B)5'-TTATCGCGCCATAAG-3'
C)3'-CCACTGTGTTACAAG-5'

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following accurately shows DNA base pairing and hydrogen bond number?

A)Adenine-Thymine, 2 hydrogen bonds
B)Adenine-Thymine, 3 hydrogen bonds
C)Cytosine-Guanine, 2 hydrogen bonds

Question 5

In reference to the figure above depicting a DNA replication fork, which of the following is a true statement?

A)The strand labeled "5'" is the template strand.
B)The strand labeled "3'" is the lagging strand.
C)The strand labeled "3'" is the leading strand.

Question 6

The three types of RNA involved in gene expression are:

A)mRNA, tRNA, and trRNA
B)mRNA, xRNA, and tRNA
C)mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA

Question 7

Gene expression refers to what process?

A)the process of transcribing DNA into RNA and translating RNA into protein
B)the process of transcribing RNA into DNA and translating DNA into protein
C)the process of transcribing DNA into RNA and translating RNA into chromatin

Question 8

The strand of DNA in the figure above that will be copied first as a series of fragments later joined together by DNA ligase is labeled how?

A)The leading strand is labeled with 5'.
B)The lagging strand is labeled with 3'.
C)The lagging strand is labeled with 5'.

Question 9

Which of the following is not a component of nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA?

A)deoxyglucose
B)inorganic phosphate
C)nitrogenous base

Question 10

The flow of molecular information from genes to RNA to proteins is referred to as what?

A)the Central Limit Theorem
B)the Central Dogma
C)the Peripheral Doctrine

Question 11

What enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides to a growing DNA chain during replication?

A)RNA polymerase
B)RNA primase
C)DNA polymerase

Question 12

The nitrogenous base thymine is what type of base?

A)monoamine
B)purine
C)pyrimidine

Question 13

Which of the following is found in eukaryotic genes but not prokaryotic genes?

A)introns
B)repressors
C)operons

Question 14

What does it mean when we say the genetic code is "degenerate?"

A)a given amino acid can be coded or "called" by no more than one nucleotide codon triplet
B)it behaves badly, and acts as a parasitic entity
C)a given amino acid can be coded or "called" by more than one nucleotide codon triplet

Question 15

What molecule connects the sugars in a strand of DNA?

A)ribose
B)phosphate
C)deoxyribose

Question 16

Which of the following is true when proofreading by DNA polymerase?

A)it takes place long after a DNA strand has been replicated
B)it takes place as a DNA strand is being replicated
C)it is primarily possible because of mismatch repair enzymes

Question 17

Transition and transverse substitutions are

A)mutations only caused by chemicals such as benzene or radiation such as x-rays.
B)purine-to-purine and pyrimidine-to-pyrimidine, respectively.
C)purine-to-purine/pyrimidine-to-pyrimidine and purine-to-pyrimidine/pyrimidine-to-purine replacement, respectively.

Question 18

Experiments with bacteriophage by Chase and Hershey demonstrated that DNA replication is which of the following?

A)ultra-conservative
B)semi-conservative
C)moderate-to-liberal

Question 19

What proteins are crucial for creating and maintaining DNA replication forks? Choose the best explanation.(Outcome #IIIb)

A)Helicase creates the replication fork; primase keeps the single strands from closing shut.
B)Helicase creates the replication fork; single-strand binding proteins keep the single strands from reuniting.
C)Ligase creates the replication fork; DNA polymerase II keeps the single strands from reuniting.

Question 20

Which of the following accounts for most repair of mistakes made during DNA replication?

A)proofreading by DNA polymerase
B)proofreading by telomerase
C)mismatch repair

Question 21

Which type of enzyme can repair DNA damage in eukaryotes?

A)DNA ligase
B)RNA primase
C)DNA polymerase

Question 22

Which enzyme is responsible for putting together new DNA segments produced on the lagging strand during DNA replication?

A)DNA ligase
B)RNA primase
C)DNA polymerase

Question 23

The part of the gene where the DNA polymerase first binds during transcription is called the:

A)promoter
B)repressor
C)operon

Question 24

What is a possible function of introns in eukaryotic DNA?

A)to act as the coding part of the gene
B)to break up the gene
C)to increase recombination of gene segments by crossing over

Question 25

Explain how homologues chromosomes can prevent disease.(Outcome #3)

A)One homologue can replace the other homologue
B)One homologue can mask the presence of a disease-causing homologue
C)Having two versions of a gene always prevents disease

Question 26

The process of producing RNA using a gene as a template is called:

A)transcription
B)translation
C)transposition