Deck 7: Middle Childhood: Body and Mind

Question 1

Asthma is a disorder caused by ______ the airways.

A) inflammation of
B) enlargement of
C) destruction of
D) holes in

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What is a benefit of physical activity for kids?

A) better oral health
B) better overall health
C) protection from bullying
D) decrease in emotional disturbance

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The health habits that children develop during the middle childhood years are:

A) unrelated to their health in adolescence and adulthood.
B) related to their health in adolescence, but unrelated to their health in adulthood.
C) unrelated to their health in adolescence, but related to their health in adulthood.
D) related to their health in adolescence and adulthood.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The belief that children's immune systems need to be exposed to microbes is called the:

A) sterile environment theory.
B) hygiene hypothesis.
C) spore theory.
D) immunity hypothesis.

Question 5

For a class project, Casey is asked to identify why there has been a decrease in the number of deaths among children in recent decades. His research discovered that all of these factors were related to a lower death rate among children EXCEPT:

A) more physical activity.
B) fewer lethal accidents.
C) less effective immunizations.
D) fewer fatal illnesses.

Question 6

An asthmatic child gets shots in the doctor's office during an asthma attack. This is a ______ level of prevention.

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quaternary

Question 7

Which factor contributes to the decline in neighborhood play among children?

A) people no longer want to know their neighbors
B) parental obesity
C) the high incidence of juvenile diabetes
D) a scarcity of vacant lots and empty fields

Question 8

Since 1980 the rate of childhood asthma in the United States has:

A) doubled.
B) tripled.
C) decreased.
D) stayed the same.

Question 9

Due to earlier diagnosis and treatment, chronic health conditions, such as hearing impairments and anemia, are now _____ less frequent in middle childhood compared to two decades ago.

A) 25 percent
B) 50 percent
C) 75 percent
D) 90 percent

Question 10

Today, children who are in the middle childhood stage of development are experiencing better physical health than they did decades ago. Which is NOT a factor in the improved physical health of children?

A) earlier diagnosis and treatment of chronic health conditions
B) a reduction in the number of colds children catch
C) the reduced exposure to secondhand smoke
D) an increase in hand washing behavior

Question 11

Which problem is often seen in obese children?

A) low blood pressure
B) increased psychopathology
C) high levels of cholesterol
D) increased chance of becoming a bully

Question 12

The ratio between a person's height and weight is expressed as:

A) HWP.
B) BMW.
C) APGAR.
D) BMI.

Question 13

Obesity has increased because it is common for:

A) preschoolers to attend preschool.
B) preschoolers to watch TV and drink soda.
C) babies to be breast-fed.
D) children to walk to school.

Question 14

Madeline is 9 years old and considered obese. While her parents acknowledge that they could adopt a healthier lifestyle, they blame genetics for her weight problem. How many genes are estimated to influence Madeline's weight?

A) 25
B) 50
C) 100
D) 200

Question 15

Better ventilation in schools and homes, less pollution, fewer antibiotics, and better medical diagnosis would be considered:

A) primary prevention
B) secondary prevention
C) quaternary prevention
D) tertiary prevention

Question 16

Children between the ages of 6 to 11 are within the developmental stage referred to as:

A) infancy.
B) early childhood.
C) middle childhood.
D) adolescence.

Question 17

One problem about athletic sports leagues is that:

A) there is less and less space for these teams to play.
B) low SES children are unlikely to belong to these teams.
C) they limit children's opportunities to learn teamwork.
D) poor sportsmanship is rampant among parents.

Question 18

Mary, age 10, has asthma. Her parents bought a HEPA filter for her bedroom. This represents which level of prevention?

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quaternary

Question 19

Which child is less likely to receive high-quality medical care for asthma? A child whose parents:

A) have private insurance that covers preventative medical treatments.
B) are classified as middle-income SES.
C) qualify for public insurance such as Medicaid.
D) work in jobs that provide personal days so that the child can be taken to the doctor.

Question 20

When comparing the rate of growth for children from ages 6 to 11, one notices that children:

A) grow more slowly than they did in early childhood.
B) grow faster than they did in early childhood.
C) grow at the same rate from ages 2 to 12.
D) have a tremendous growth spurt during the school years.

Question 21

The information-processing theory was inspired by the knowledge of how _____ function.

A) animals' brains
B) high-level businesses
C) computers
D) athletic teams

Question 22

The time it takes for someone to respond to a particular stimulus is called _____ time.

A) reaction
B) response
C) reflex
D) relational

Question 23

Which statement is true?

A) School-age children are able to understand complex, abstract concepts.
B) School-age children are as rigid in their thinking as preschoolers.
C) School-age children are slightly more advanced thinkers than preschoolers.
D) There is no sudden shift between preoperational and concrete operational thought.

Question 24

Vygotsky viewed _____ as being crucial to children's development of skills and knowledge.

A) instruction
B) independence
C) exploration
D) passive learning

Question 25

In middle childhood, Piaget believed that children are in the period of _____ thought.

A) formal operational
B) preoperational
C) metacognitive
D) concrete operational

Question 26

The logical principle that objects can be grouped according to some characteristic that they share is called:

A) concrete thought.
B) transitive inference.
C) classification.
D) reversibility.

Question 27

Which statement about the difference between a 4- year-old and a 9-year-old is true?

A) The 4-year-old can separate the relevant from the irrelevant.
B) The 9-year-old can apply abstract thought to the classification process.
C) The 4-year-old will be able to distinguish between relevance and flexibility.
D) The 9-year-old can be flexible in classification.

Question 28

Sonja is studying for an exam while her roommate is talking to her boyfriend on the phone. Sonja cannot concentrate on her books because she is unable to use:

A) metacognition.
B) divided attention.
C) selective attention.
D) common sense.

Question 29

Growth in brain sophistication during middle childhood allows the child to focus on certain stimuli and exclude others. This ability is known as:

A) automatization.
B) decentration.
C) transduction.
D) selective attention.

Question 30

In one study (Crosnoe et al., 2010) of reading and math ability in third- and fifth-grade children, it was found that high-scoring children usually had three sources of cognitive stimulation. Which was NOT a source of cognitive stimulation?

A) having parents who read to preschool children daily
B) attending a preschool program
C) having a first grade teacher who emphasized literacy
D) learning from media sources about reading and math

Question 31

_____ is one of the leading theorists of the information-processing perspective.

A) Vygotsky
B) Piaget
C) Siegler
D) Silva

Question 32

With concrete operational thought, children can:

A) think logically about visible, tangible things.
B) think logically about abstract ideas.
C) consistently make good decisions.
D) solve most problems on their own.

Question 33

Seven-year-old Hannah can arrange 10 buttons in order from smallest to largest. Her understanding of _____ allows her to accomplish this.

A) conservation
B) transitive inference
C) seriation
D) abstract reasoning

Question 34

Children from the Varanasi region in India learn what specific ability from their culture?

A) observational learning
B) fractions
C) spatial orientation
D) individual discovery

Question 35

When capable of concrete operational thought, children:

A) are limited to intuitive, perceptual focusing.
B) can apply their reasoning to real, tangible situations.
C) can reason about abstractions.
D) are likely to be misled by appearances.

Question 36

Professor Schuyler believes that people's brains work very much like a computer in terms of input, processing, and output. The professor believes in _____ theory.

A) Piaget's
B) Vygotsky's
C) the information processing
D) the biocognitive

Question 37

According to Piaget, a child between the ages of 6 and 11 can apply logical principles to:

A) abstractions, such as truth and liberty.
B) chemistry and physics.
C) concrete and visible examples.
D) questions of social justice.

Question 38

Which brain feature is responsible for the ability to read?

A) the prefrontal cortex
B) the hippocampus
C) myelination
D) multiple interconnections

Question 39

Borrelli et al. (2010) conducted an intervention study that focused on 100 caregivers of children with asthma. The caregivers smoked and did not necessarily want to quit. Over the course of the study the caregivers were shown the amount of smoke the children were being exposed to and counseled on different approaches to quitting smoking. After three months, the results of the study revealed that _____ of the caregivers had quit smoking and the children's asthma attacks were _____ frequent.

A) �; less
B) �; more
C) �; less
D) �; more

Question 40

According to Piaget, which ability do children gain during middle childhood?

A) conservation
B) abstract reasoning
C) logic
D) egocentrism

Question 41

Jared, who speaks only English, has moved to Spain with his family. He attends a public school. All of his school subjects are taught in Spanish. Jared is learning Spanish through:

A) Spanish-as-a-second-language program.
B) an ESL program.
C) bilingual schooling.
D) immersion.

Question 42

By the end of middle childhood, the capacity of long- term memory is:

A) limited to facts and knowledge gained through repetition.
B) limited to highly emotional experiences and objective information.
C) unlimited regarding information but limited about emotional experiences.
D) extremely large.

Question 43

When Kitana wants her teacher to repeat a question, she asks, "Would you please repeat the question?" but when she needs a classmate to repeat himself, she says, "Huh?" This example shows that Kitana understands:

A) the pragmatics of language.
B) metaphors and similes.
C) metacognitive processes.
D) the control processes in speech.

Question 44

Tony came to walk with José to school. When José saw Tony's notebook in his backpack, José rushed back into his house to retrieve his own notebook, which contained his homework. José's sensation upon seeing Tony's notebook became a perception, which triggered José's:

A) sensory memory.
B) working memory.
C) long-term memory.
D) knowledge base.

Question 45

What ability is required for children to be aware of what they already know and what they still need to learn?

A) metacognition
B) automatization
C) control processes
D) abstract reasoning

Question 46

Nine-year-old child Devon writes, "My brother eats like a hungry pig." This statement demonstrates his understanding of:

A) syntax.
B) a second language.
C) metaphor.
D) logic.

Question 47

During middle childhood, children understand all of these aspects of language EXCEPT for:

A) prefixes.
B) compound words.
C) phrases.
D) sarcasm.

Question 48

John has the ability to talk informally with his friends and more formally to his teachers during class. Clearly John understands the:

A) metacognitive aspects of intellect.
B) pragmatics of his language.
C) automatized view of social interaction.
D) control processes of regulation.

Question 49

Which information is most likely to be in your current working memory?

A) everything you see on this page
B) the answer to this question
C) where you saw the term working memory in the text
D) the musical theme of your favorite television show

Question 50

When non-English-speaking children are taught exclusively in English to prepare them for regular classes is, the class is called:

A) English as a second language.
B) immersion.
C) bilingual schooling.
D) monolingual education.

Question 51

The memory system in which signals are held for a split second is called _____ memory.

A) short-term
B) working
C) sensory
D) holding

Question 52

Eduardo is in the fourth grade. Part of the instruction in his classroom is conducted in English and part is conducted in Spanish. His classroom uses:

A) immersion.
B) heritage language education.
C) bilingual schooling.
D) mainstreaming.

Question 53

Metacognition refers to:

A) improving one's problem-solving strategies.
B) memorizing detailed information.
C) thinking about one's thinking processes.
D) considering multiple alternatives.

Question 54

Evaluating a cognitive task to determine how best to accomplish and monitor one's performance is called:

A) automatization.
B) decentration.
C) metacognition.
D) social standards.

Question 55

Children can focus without becoming distracted, persist at tasks, and exhibit quick, efficient memory due the development of:

A) preoperational thought.
B) reciprocity.
C) the limbic system.
D) control processes.

Question 56

Abbreviations (such as LOL, BTW, and RU) in text messages and e-mails are examples of:

A) metaphors.
B) similes.
C) grammar.
D) informal code.

Question 57

Metacognition is:

A) the process of putting information into long-term memory.
B) the process of recalling information.
C) thinking about thinking.
D) the ability to process multiple stimuli.

Question 58

Which factor is MOST likely to cause a child's knowledge base to increase?

A) scoring high on an IQ test
B) past opportunities to learn
C) personal motivation
D) well-developed fine motor skills

Question 59

New concepts are best learned when they are connected to:

A) personal and emotional experiences.
B) current events.
C) a teacher-directed curriculum.
D) a child-centered curriculum.

Question 60

The approach to teaching a second language in which children spend the entire day instructed in the second language is referred to as the _____ approach.

A) bilingual schooling
B) immersion
C) heritage language
D) additive bilingual

Question 61

Which statement is true?

A) Across all cultures, boys are better at math and girls are better at reading.
B) In Asian countries, girls score consistently higher in math than boys.
C) Academic differences between nations are much greater than differences between genders.
D) In Scotland, boys average several points higher in reading than girls.

Question 62

Approximately 1 in _______ children in the United States is home schooled.

A) 10
B) 25
C) 35
D) 55

Question 63

Aptitude tests are designed to measure one's:

A) potential for learning.
B) achievement in a particular subject.
C) capacity for divergent thinking.
D) verbal abilities only.

Question 64

One problem with smaller school class sizes is that:

A) politicians won't support them.
B) they are too costly.
C) the research supporting their advantages is mixed.
D) evidence supporting their benefits is correlational.

Question 65

Which statement describes the gender-similarities hypothesis accurately?

A) Around the world, girls are better at reading and boys are better at math.
B) Girls are more verbal than boys, but boys catch up during adolescence.
C) Boys and girls are similar in most test measures, with trivial exceptions.
D) Teachers have the same expectations for girls as they do for boys.

Question 66

Approximately what percent of the world's 7-year- olds are in school?

A) 45
B) 60
C) 75
D) 95

Question 67

What is the main international test of reading given to students?

A) TIMSS
B) PIRLS
C) WJ III
D) Stanford-Binet

Question 68

A federally sponsored test in the United States is the:

A) TIMSS.
B) NAEP.
C) NCLB.
D) PIRLS.

Question 69

A person's mental age and chronological age are factors used to determine his or her:

A) achievement on the WAIS.
B) intelligence quotient.
C) multiple intelligences.
D) achievement on the WPPSI.

Question 70

What is the primary international test of science and math given to students?

A) PIRLS
B) IATS
C) TIMSS
D) SATs

Question 71

The unspoken and often unrecognized lessons that children learn in school, which are the unofficial, unstated, or implicit rules and priorities that influence the academic curriculum and every other aspect of learning in school, are called the:

A) territorial imperative.
B) whole language theory.
C) socioeconomic divide.
D) hidden curriculum.

Question 72

The Common Core is a(n) _____ that was developed with backing from all 50 states in response to doubts about state-level assessments.

A) graduation exam
B) law that requires frequent testing to monitor student achievement
C) set of specific standards by subject and grade level
D) amount of money awarded by the government for an individual child's education

Question 73

In recent years, Finland has gained a great deal of attention for its very successful educational system. Which statement about Finland's educational reform is false?

A) Students are given a series of high-stakes tests at each level.
B) Only the top 3 percent of high school students gain admittance to teachers' colleges.
C) School buildings are designed to foster collaboration.
D) Teachers are encouraged to work collaboratively.

Question 74

One's mental age divided by one's chronological age and multiplied by 100 results in one's:

A) measure of mastery.
B) proficiency score.
C) achievement quotient.
D) intelligence quotient.

Question 75

Critics say that _____ weaken public schools, but advocates argue that they increase competition between public and private schools and lead to a better education for all.

A) standardized tests
B) vouchers
C) parents
D) Common Core standards

Question 76

Jefferson High School has a student council to guarantee student representation in school affairs. Jakob, a senior, has learned that the administration of this high school wants obedience. Obedience at Jakob's school is an example of a hidden:

A) agenda.
B) curriculum.
C) value.
D) assumption.

Question 77

In the United States, public schools that set their own standards, are licensed by the state, and receive funding from private money and sponsors are _____ schools.

A) voucher
B) private
C) religious
D) charter

Question 78

In most nations other than the United States _____ make(s) decisions regarding public education.

A) the central government
B) parents
C) local jurisdictions
D) religious institutions

Question 79

Traditionally in the United States, most private schools were operated by:

A) the central government.
B) independent educators.
C) Evangelical Christians.
D) the Catholic Church.

Question 80

When TIMSS experts recorded math teachers in the U.S., Germany, and Japan, what did they find?

A) U.S. teachers presented material at a higher level than their German and Japanese counterparts.
B) Japanese teachers were excited about math instruction and developed collaborative and individual assignments that engaged students on multiple levels.
C) Germany students were most engaged in math lessons when learning terms and definitions.
D) There is really only one way to teach math, regardless of culture, so little variation was noted.