Deck 4: Pedestal,loom,and auction block

Question 1

How do historians define the cult of true womanhood?

A) It treated men and women as complete opposites, with no common traits.
B) It applied Enlightenment values to define women as men's equal.
C) It emphasized the submission of children to parental dominance.
D) It was drawn from Old Testament law.

Answer 1

It treated men and women as complete opposites, with no common traits.

Question 2

The Irish were one of the few immigrant groups in American history in which

A) more men than women emigrated to the United States.
B) most immigrants were middle-class farmers who continued farming in the United States.
C) the number of women roughly equaled that of men.
D) Protestant immigrants outnumbered Catholic immigrants.

Answer 2

the number of women roughly equaled that of men.

Question 3

The first charity organized by women for women was founded to

A) help widows who were too poor to support themselves.
B) rescue young women from immoral relationships.
C) free black women from slavery.
D) uplift poor, southern white women.

Answer 3

help widows who were too poor to support themselves.

Question 4

What was one way women were affected by changing social and economic conditions in the years before the Civil War?

A) When most working-class women went to work in factories, middle-class women lost their servants.
B) A family-focused ideology and greater prosperity led to a rise in the birthrate among white middle-class families.
C) Spinning and weaving were displaced to factories, reducing middle-class women's home-based textile production.
D) Although magazines and books were more readily available, most middle-class women did not subscribe or have the time to read them.

Question 5

Which of the following ideologies best reflects southern society in the antebellum period?

A) There was a distinction between public and private spheres as well as between work and family roles.
B) Southern white women were supposed to be submissive to their husbands, who defended their honor and virtue.
C) Southern white women were to be ready to work in the fields if necessary, as the highest value of their society was labor.
D) Southern white women generally had more formal education than northern white women because they had to teach the slaves.

Question 6

For American women caught up in the Second Great Awakening,the revivals often served as

A) the first step in a process of formal theological education.
B) a reminder that men must take the lead in church life.
C) an opportunity to express themselves outside the home in ways usually not permitted.
D) a chance to stay home while the men attended the religious events.

Question 7

What work did the majority of slave women in the South do?

A) Domestic work
B) Field work
C) Nursing work
D) Craft work

Question 8

One reason Native peoples in the South were displaced in the early nineteenth century was that

A) they refused to adapt to white cultural norms.
B) groups of Native peoples continually rose up against innocent whites.
C) some Cherokees became slaveholders.
D) Native lands were valuable for growing cotton and tobacco.

Question 9

Why did the Lowell idyll decline?

A) The country experienced an economic depression and increased immigration.
B) Many of the young women at Lowell got pregnant.
C) The families of the mill girls demanded they return home to help on the farms.
D) The young women workers proved too hard to control.

Question 10

What was unique about the mid-nineteenth-century magazine Godey's Lady's Book?

A) Its female editor was a rare northerner who defended slavery.
B) Funded by the Baptist Church, it encouraged women to become missionaries.
C) The magazine was a failure since it only catered to women's interests.
D) Its female editor promoted the ideology of true womanhood.

Question 11

What was one important impact of the ending of the transatlantic slave trade in 1808?

A) It contributed to the decline of slavery in the southern United States.
B) The value of slaves declined throughout the United States.
C) It spurred a massive internal commerce in slaves in the United States.
D) It made southern slaveowners aware of the need to keep families together.

Question 12

Catherine Beecher's book A Treatise on Domestic Economy taught that

A) women should work hard to bring an end to slavery in the South.
B) women should be subordinate to and defer to their husbands.
C) the woman's sphere was equal in importance to any task a man might perform.
D) women were better at math and would make better household economists than men.

Question 13

What was a unique feature of the Lowell system??

A) Machines were used to spin and weave the cloth, revolutionizing the making of textiles.
B) British families were imported to staff the factories because of their experience working with textiles.
C) Factory workers spun cotton into thread, which was woven by women working in their homes.
D) Young farm girls were employed as factory workers and lodged in company boardinghouses.

Question 14

Who managed household slave work and the feeding,clothing,and doctoring of the entire labor force on southern plantations?

A) The plantation master
B) The slave nurse
C) The headman, or head slave
D) The plantation mistress

Question 15

With the rise of the market economy in the early nineteenth century,men's work moved outside the home,and women's domestic work became

A) easier due to the increased availability of electrical appliances.
B) less visible due to the increased perception that only remunerated labor had value.
C) more difficult due to the increased demands placed on them.
D) less of a priority for women because of their increased civic responsibilities.

Question 16

According to proponents of true womanhood,what was women's most important vocation,from which flowed her other special qualities?

A) Motherhood
B) Religious activism
C) Nursing
D) Teaching

Question 17

Starting in the 1820s,pious women began forming benevolent associations that sponsored

A) teas to raise money to purchase slaves to give them their freedom.
B) missionary efforts to bring Christianity to unbelievers at home and abroad.
C) schools that would save women from prostitution and teach them a trade.
D) hospitals aimed at treating alcoholics and addicts.

Question 18

The complex relationship between gender and slavery in the South before the Civil War involved

A) the protection of both free white women and enslaved black women from sexual assault and exploitation.
B) the perception that white women's refined status was enhanced by the presence of slaves, who took on the hard labor of maintaining household and farm.
C) strong support for women's rights since plantation mistresses served as equal partners in running the plantation.
D) removal of pregnant slaves from all labor because they were so highly valued for their reproductive capabilities.

Question 19

The life of Lucy Larcom,the poet and writer,was significantly shaped by the interaction of what two major historical forces?

A) The ease of international travel and the increased opportunities for girls' education
B) Industrialization and the increased differentiation of gender roles
C) The increasingly divergent economic systems of and tension between the South and North
D) The territorial expansion of the United States and the Mexican War

Question 20

The nineteenth-century ideology of true womanhood

A) primarily reflected the lives of rural white women.
B) was imposed upon unwilling women by male authorities.
C) was considered universal despite class and regional differences.
D) was an outmoded holdover from the prerevolutionary era.

Question 21

The early nineteenth-century notion that a true woman was pure meant that she was inherently uninterested in what aspect of life?

A) Politics
B) Secular matters
C) Sexual expression
D) Social problems

Question 22

What was one reason textile manufacturers hired women?

A) Textile manufacturers believed that women were reliable employees.
B) Spinning fiber for cloth had been the traditional work of women.
C) Women were less likely to refuse to work with African Americans.
D) Many believed that it was now more acceptable for women to work outside the home.

Question 23

How did the increasing use of immigrant workers in textile factories change American attitudes?

A) Many Americans began to call for immigration laws to keep immigrants from competing with American labor.
B) The increased use of immigrant men created calls for an end to female participation in factory work.
C) Used to organizing in Europe, immigrants convinced American workers to form unions.
D) It made wage earning seem disreputable for women.

Question 24

What was the most influential women's magazine of the mid-nineteenth century?

A) The Christian Mother
B) A Treatise on Domestic Economy
C) Godey's Lady's Book
D) The Lowell Offering

Question 25

How did the Lowell factory system change after the Panic of 1837?

A) The women workers unionized and successfully protested to win higher wages and shorter working hours.
B) Many young women at Lowell got pregnant, causing farm families to stop allowing daughters to work in the factories.
C) The families of the mill girls needed additional help on the farm to make ends meet and demanded their daughters return home.
D) Factory owners increased the pace of work, cut wages, and began to hire immigrants to replace the farm girls.

Question 26

How did the widespread belief in a true woman's special moral vocation affect women's lives?

A) It legitimized certain kinds of spiritual activities for women outside the home.
B) It supported women's attendance at medical and law schools.
C) It offered a reason for equal property rights for married women.
D) It opened the way for women to run for local office on morality platforms.

Question 27

Why did white southerners widely support the removal of southern Native American tribes?

A) White southerners wanted Native Americans' land to expand cotton and tobacco production.
B) They wanted to punish Native Americans for their raids on farms in Georgia and Alabama.
C) The Native American tribes had refused to assimilate themselves to white society and customs.
D) Gold had been discovered on the tribal lands, and white southerners hoped to cash in on the profits.

Question 28

What problem stood in the way of the plan for the Lowell textile factories to hire New England farm girls?

A) Parents worried about their daughters living far from home and without their supervision.
B) The girls were not very dedicated to the job and usually left after a few months.
C) Farm girls refused to work unless the factory owners agreed to an eight-hour workweek.
D) Society disapproved of the idea of farm girls working in dark factories.

Question 29

Unlike southern elite white women and northern middle-class women,southern non-elite women continued to

A) work in the fields with their husbands.
B) produce goods mainly for their family's consumption.
C) sell most of their produce for cash.
D) participate in voluntary organizations.

Question 30

By the 1830s,Protestant women's organizations were sending money to

A) free slaves in the South.
B) church missions throughout Asia and Africa.
C) foundations in northern cities that rescued women from prostitution.
D) Catholic soup kitchens that fed the urban poor.

Question 31

How was southern plantation family life different from northern middle-class family life?

A) Unlike northern women, southern women were considered pure and were idealized as Christian mothers.
B) Unlike in the industrial North, southern men presided over both business and the household.
C) Southern women were seen as being morally superior to men and had greater authority in the domestic sphere than northern women.
D) The South placed a higher value on labor than the North, and southern women worked in the fields if necessary.

Question 32

How did the participation of married women and unmarried women in the industrial workforce differ in the early 1800s?

A) Married women were paid higher wages because they had a family to provide for.
B) Parents did not permit daughters to work in factories, preferring they stay home producing piecework.
C) Married women remained home-based industrial workers much longer because they had to raise children.
D) Unmarried women supplemented their wages with overtime, which married women could not do.

Question 33

Why did immigrant women prefer to be factory workers rather than domestic servants?

A) Wages as a domestic servant were far lower than those of factory workers.
B) When the workday was over at the factory, a woman's time was her own.
C) The work in the factory was much easier than the work of a domestic servant.
D) Factory work was steadier and offered a chance to become a manager.

Question 34

Most agricultural labor on southern plantations before the Civil War was done by

A) slave women.
B) plantation owners' families.
C) slave men and women.
D) non-elite yeomen farmers.

Question 35

The lives of female slaves differed from those of slave men in that slave women were

A) released from all labor when they became pregnant.
B) never sold away from their children.
C) usually given their freedom when they gave birth to a slaveowner's child.
D) often exploited sexually by slaveowners.

Question 36

Why is Catharine Beecher notable?

A) She rejected the religious rebellions of her male relatives.
B) She collaborated with her sister Harriet Beecher Stowe on Uncle Tom's Cabin.
C) She was an early advocate of women's rights.
D) She was a strong promoter of the cult of true womanhood.

Question 37

How did the end of the transatlantic slave trade in 1808 impact slave women's lives?

A) Husbands and children were no longer sold away.
B) Slaves became less valuable, allowing more southerners to become slaveowners.
C) Slavery declined in the South.
D) More slaves were at risk of being sold in the U.S. internal market.

Question 38

To help weather unstable industrial depressions,middle-class women were expected to

A) take in boarders to help cover household expenses and to teach young people morality.
B) hire fewer servants and do more of the household chores themselves.
C) save money by producing their own cloth by spinning and weaving.
D) sharpen their household management skills.

Question 39

Which occupation became overwhelmingly female in the nineteenth century?

A) Writing
B) Nursing
C) Teaching
D) Weaving

Question 40

What was the most burdensome domestic chore in middle-class antebellum households?

A) Laundry
B) Cooking
C) Spinning and weaving
D) Cleaning