Deck 9: Specialized Leisure-Service Areas

Question 1

Do Private Clubs Discriminate
A number of lawsuits have claimed discrimination in the membership practices of private clubs. Many of these clubs have been able to maintain their membership policies even though civil rights laws make it illegal to discriminate based on race, national origin, and other bases. However, these laws do not cover bona fide private clubs and religious organizations-these can discriminate on whatever basis they choose. Some states have extended the civil rights laws and prevent private clubs from discriminating, closing this loophole in the law. Because not all states have done this, discrimination still exists. Here are a few examples.
In 2009, 60 African American children were turned away from a northeast Philadelphia private swim club despite the fact that they had paid the $1900 fee. John Duesler, president of the Valley Swim Club, said they were turned away because "there was concern that a lot of kids would change the complexion … and the atmosphere of the club." a
Augusta National Golf Club just allowed women in to the club in 2013. Prior to the first two women being admitted, Hootie Johnson, chairman of Augusta National, stated, "There may well come a day when women will be invited to join our membership, but that timetable will be ours and not at the point of a bayonet."
Birgit Koebke and Kendall French, a lesbian couple registered as domestic partners under the California Domestic Partner Rights and Responsibilities Act of 2003, sued Heights Country Club because of discrimination. Club membership pertains to member spouses but not domestic partners. The California Supreme Court ruled that domestic partners should receive the same benefits as legal spouses and mandated the club provide the same benefits to all couples.
Is a high membership fee a form of discrimination Why or why not

Answer 1

Case synopsis:
The case is related to the discrimination in membership practices of private clubs. Several clubs maintain their membership policies based on race, national origin, and other bases. This has occurred in spite the civil rights laws have prohibited such discrimination.
The law does not discriminate any particular religious organization or privates clubs. Few states have extended civil right laws to avoid discrimination arising in private clubs. However, in some states the discrimination of private club still exists.
Determine if a high membership fee is a form of discrimination:
A huge amount of membership fee is a form of discrimination under private-membership organization. It is mainly because they restrict the usage of their programs or facilities amongst membership individual and their families.
This is a form of discrimination created based on the number of people using their services in one single membership card. Therefore, even after paying membership fee there are certain limits in number of members who can enjoy such services.
In certain cases these increased membership fees restricts low-income families from enjoying such recreation services.

Question 2

Give specific examples of where recreation professionals could work within therapeutic recreation, MWR, campus recreation, employee recreation, and private-membership organizations.
__________
__________
__________
__________

Answer 2

Recreation:
Recreation is an activity for engaging leisure time with fun and joy. This activity is essential for the refreshment of the mind and body of an individual. It includes playing games, reading books, and watching movie to engage leisure time effectively.
Example of recreation professionals who work within recreation are as follows:
Therapeutic recreation:
• Certified member of A country therapeutic recreation works as therapeutic instructor, program coordinator, and recreation program designer.
• A certified member of national therapeutic recreation society works for all the categories mentioned.
MWR (Morale, Welfare, and Recreation):
• An armed force of recreation center is a professional association who coordinates recreation programs at various locations.
• MWR of A country has a supervisor who provides supervisory leadership and organizes various recreation programs. This supervisor is a specialized trainer in the field of recreation.
Campus recreation:
• WM campaign is a specialized association working towards campus recreation. There are many qualified professionals who offer counseling services that are developed and implemented for healthy lifestyle for human mind and body.
• National colleges and universities hire a professional trainer to provide various organized programs of leisure services for the students.
Employee recreation:
• C Company provides employees recreation to increase productivity, reduce stress, and enhances relaxation for employees.
• Certain companies offer yoga class to the employees in the organization. The yoga instructor can enhance healthy lifestyle for mind and body of the employees.
Private-membership organizations:
• CC is private-membership organization that provides many outdoor recreation services. They have qualified instructors for each recreation services offered such as swimming, golf, boating, and tennis.
• A dance class teacher or instructor is also a professional trainer that works within the motive of providing utmost recreation.

Question 3

An Unfair Advantage
In 2012 Oscar Pistorius, a double leg amputee from South Africa, became the first athlete to compete in both the Olympics and Paralympics in the same year. a U.S. Olympic hopeful Blake Leeper, also a double leg amputee, will attempt to make both 2016 Olympic games as well. b
Both men use Flex-Foot Cheetah blades that are custom built from high performance carbon fiber. Several studies have addressed if there is an advantage to using manufactured limbs to race. However, the results have been inconclusive. One study stated that the amputee using the blades was "physiologically similar but mechanically dissimilar" to someone running with intact legs. He uses oxygen the same way natural-legged sprinters do, but he moves his body differently. Some of the other arguments that have not been thoroughly tested include that Pistorius's and Leeper's lower legs are half the weight of an intact leg and will swing faster resulting in faster times; the blades will not tire like a lower leg will; and that more force is needed to make the blades propel the runner forward than an actual leg needs, which results in slower times.
Do you think that technology will continue to improve and give athletes such as Leeper an advantage in the future

Answer 3

Case synopsis:
Mr. OP is a double leg amputee from SF country. He was a first sportsperson to compete in both Olympics and Paralympics on 2012. Mr. BL is also a double leg amputee from U.S. who has attempted in both Olympics and Paralympics in 2016. Both of them use flex-foot cheetah blades. Numerous studies were made on the usage of these manufactured limbs to find out its advantages in the running competition.
Determine if the technology will continue to improve and give athletes an advantage in future like Mr. BL:
In the modern era, new technologies are growing faster so different technologies like flex-foot cheetah blades will be implemented for disabilities in the near future. Different types of prosthetics will be used in sport for all types of disabled people. As a result, people with disabilities can participate in several athlete activities. Therefore, this in turn will enhance all disabled people to work harder to play in Olympics game like Mr. BL.

Question 4

Employee Recreation Improves Morale
Business Insider published an article that featured the 18 best perks on the job provided by major corporations across the country. a Many of those were recreation related, including:
Campbell Soup: On-site afterschool programs for children of employees
Google: Access to company bowling alley, bocce courts, and gyms
Smuckers: Holds bowling nights and softball games for employees
Boeing: 12 paid holidays and a winter recess between Christmas and New Years
Chesapeake Energy: On-site 72,000-square-foot fitness facility that includes an Olympic-sized pool, a sand volleyball court, rock climbing wall, and a quarter-mile walking track
TIAA-CREF: Allows employees to play up to six sports on site through the corporate athletic program
Yahoo: Offices have on-site fitness centers with yoga, cardio-kickboxing, pilates, and golf classes. Yahoo also provides its employees with discounts to ski resorts and California theme parks.
You have a company of 30 employees. Develop an employee recreation program.

Question 5

Incentives for Fitness
Because of soaring healthcare costs, up to a third of all companies have resorted to paying employees to be healthy. They are paying for gym memberships, Weight Watchers memberships, and time off to exercise. Some are paying staff to stop smoking, while others are banning smoking altogether. Baylor Health Care System offers employees $50 for each 100-day cycle they participate in the company's fitness program. a OhioHealth paid employees to wear pedometers and record their steps each day. The more they walked, the higher they were paid-up to $500 per year. Other companies felt that people are more concerned about losing their own money than winning money from the company. As a result, employees put up money as a deposit and sign an agreement to lose weight by a certain date. If they do not, they forfeit the deposit. One company donated the money to a charity the employee did not like. b
Will the extrinsic reward actually hurt or help the level of fitness within the organization Why

Question 6

Do Private Clubs Discriminate
A number of lawsuits have claimed discrimination in the membership practices of private clubs. Many of these clubs have been able to maintain their membership policies even though civil rights laws make it illegal to discriminate based on race, national origin, and other bases. However, these laws do not cover bona fide private clubs and religious organizations-these can discriminate on whatever basis they choose. Some states have extended the civil rights laws and prevent private clubs from discriminating, closing this loophole in the law. Because not all states have done this, discrimination still exists. Here are a few examples.
In 2009, 60 African American children were turned away from a northeast Philadelphia private swim club despite the fact that they had paid the $1900 fee. John Duesler, president of the Valley Swim Club, said they were turned away because "there was concern that a lot of kids would change the complexion … and the atmosphere of the club." a
Augusta National Golf Club just allowed women in to the club in 2013. Prior to the first two women being admitted, Hootie Johnson, chairman of Augusta National, stated, "There may well come a day when women will be invited to join our membership, but that timetable will be ours and not at the point of a bayonet."
Birgit Koebke and Kendall French, a lesbian couple registered as domestic partners under the California Domestic Partner Rights and Responsibilities Act of 2003, sued Heights Country Club because of discrimination. Club membership pertains to member spouses but not domestic partners. The California Supreme Court ruled that domestic partners should receive the same benefits as legal spouses and mandated the club provide the same benefits to all couples.
Should private clubs be able to limit families to legally married couples Why or why not

Question 7

Americans with Disabilities Act
The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination based on disability. a There are five sections of the act:
Title 1: Employment: Qualified candidates cannot be discriminated against in the hiring process, employment, or discharge based on disability.
Title 2: State and Local Government: People with disabilities must have access to state and local government facilities and programs. This section also addresses accessibility of transportation such as on buses and trains.
Title 3: Public Accommodations (and Commercial Facilities): People with disabilities may not be discriminated against with regard to use of public accommodations including hotels, resorts, restaurants, and recreation opportunities, among others. In addition, buildings must be compliant with the ADA Accessibility Guidelines. Private clubs and religious organizations are exempt from the law. Public accommodations can include such things as sign language interpreters, assistive listening devices, Braille publications, taped publications, telephone typewriter (TDD)/Telecommunications Device for the Deaf (TTY), and facility accessibility.
Title 4: Telecommunications: Telecommunications companies must make their services available to people with disabilities. This is most focused on serving people who are deaf/hard of hearing and/or who have a speech impairment.
Title 5: Miscellaneous Provisions: This section covers the technical aspects of the law such as immunity under ADA, retaliation against claims, and responsibilities for technical assistance.
Walk through a building on campus such as the campus recreation facility. What examples did you find that the facility and/or programs were accessible to people with disabilities

Question 8

Compare and contrast the two TR models of practice.
__________
__________
__________
__________

Question 9

An Unfair Advantage
In 2012 Oscar Pistorius, a double leg amputee from South Africa, became the first athlete to compete in both the Olympics and Paralympics in the same year. a U.S. Olympic hopeful Blake Leeper, also a double leg amputee, will attempt to make both 2016 Olympic games as well. b
Both men use Flex-Foot Cheetah blades that are custom built from high performance carbon fiber. Several studies have addressed if there is an advantage to using manufactured limbs to race. However, the results have been inconclusive. One study stated that the amputee using the blades was "physiologically similar but mechanically dissimilar" to someone running with intact legs. He uses oxygen the same way natural-legged sprinters do, but he moves his body differently. Some of the other arguments that have not been thoroughly tested include that Pistorius's and Leeper's lower legs are half the weight of an intact leg and will swing faster resulting in faster times; the blades will not tire like a lower leg will; and that more force is needed to make the blades propel the runner forward than an actual leg needs, which results in slower times.
Aside from the research cited in the case, what do you think the pros and cons are of allowing Leeper to participate in the 2016 Olympic games if he qualifies

Question 10

Employee Recreation Improves Morale
Business Insider published an article that featured the 18 best perks on the job provided by major corporations across the country. a Many of those were recreation related, including:
Campbell Soup: On-site afterschool programs for children of employees
Google: Access to company bowling alley, bocce courts, and gyms
Smuckers: Holds bowling nights and softball games for employees
Boeing: 12 paid holidays and a winter recess between Christmas and New Years
Chesapeake Energy: On-site 72,000-square-foot fitness facility that includes an Olympic-sized pool, a sand volleyball court, rock climbing wall, and a quarter-mile walking track
TIAA-CREF: Allows employees to play up to six sports on site through the corporate athletic program
Yahoo: Offices have on-site fitness centers with yoga, cardio-kickboxing, pilates, and golf classes. Yahoo also provides its employees with discounts to ski resorts and California theme parks.
You have a company of 300 employees. How does your employee recreation program change

Question 11

Employee Recreation Improves Morale
Business Insider published an article that featured the 18 best perks on the job provided by major corporations across the country. a Many of those were recreation related, including:
Campbell Soup: On-site afterschool programs for children of employees
Google: Access to company bowling alley, bocce courts, and gyms
Smuckers: Holds bowling nights and softball games for employees
Boeing: 12 paid holidays and a winter recess between Christmas and New Years
Chesapeake Energy: On-site 72,000-square-foot fitness facility that includes an Olympic-sized pool, a sand volleyball court, rock climbing wall, and a quarter-mile walking track
TIAA-CREF: Allows employees to play up to six sports on site through the corporate athletic program
Yahoo: Offices have on-site fitness centers with yoga, cardio-kickboxing, pilates, and golf classes. Yahoo also provides its employees with discounts to ski resorts and California theme parks.
Which of these benefits would be important to you as an employee at a company

Question 12

Describe the TR process.
__________
__________
__________
__________

Question 13

Incentives for Fitness
Because of soaring healthcare costs, up to a third of all companies have resorted to paying employees to be healthy. They are paying for gym memberships, Weight Watchers memberships, and time off to exercise. Some are paying staff to stop smoking, while others are banning smoking altogether. Baylor Health Care System offers employees $50 for each 100-day cycle they participate in the company's fitness program. a OhioHealth paid employees to wear pedometers and record their steps each day. The more they walked, the higher they were paid-up to $500 per year. Other companies felt that people are more concerned about losing their own money than winning money from the company. As a result, employees put up money as a deposit and sign an agreement to lose weight by a certain date. If they do not, they forfeit the deposit. One company donated the money to a charity the employee did not like. b
Could such programs be seen as companies being involved in the personal lives of their employees If so, should they be

Question 14

Compare and contrast military recreation and public recreation agencies.
__________
__________
__________
__________

Question 15

Do Private Clubs Discriminate
A number of lawsuits have claimed discrimination in the membership practices of private clubs. Many of these clubs have been able to maintain their membership policies even though civil rights laws make it illegal to discriminate based on race, national origin, and other bases. However, these laws do not cover bona fide private clubs and religious organizations-these can discriminate on whatever basis they choose. Some states have extended the civil rights laws and prevent private clubs from discriminating, closing this loophole in the law. Because not all states have done this, discrimination still exists. Here are a few examples.
In 2009, 60 African American children were turned away from a northeast Philadelphia private swim club despite the fact that they had paid the $1900 fee. John Duesler, president of the Valley Swim Club, said they were turned away because "there was concern that a lot of kids would change the complexion … and the atmosphere of the club." a
Augusta National Golf Club just allowed women in to the club in 2013. Prior to the first two women being admitted, Hootie Johnson, chairman of Augusta National, stated, "There may well come a day when women will be invited to join our membership, but that timetable will be ours and not at the point of a bayonet."
Birgit Koebke and Kendall French, a lesbian couple registered as domestic partners under the California Domestic Partner Rights and Responsibilities Act of 2003, sued Heights Country Club because of discrimination. Club membership pertains to member spouses but not domestic partners. The California Supreme Court ruled that domestic partners should receive the same benefits as legal spouses and mandated the club provide the same benefits to all couples.
If members own a private club, should they be able to establish policies that intentionally or unintentionally discriminate against a group

Question 16

List the benefits of employee recreation for the employer and the employee.
__________
__________
__________
__________

Question 17

Differentiate between clinical-based therapeutic recreation and community-based recreation.
__________
__________
__________
__________

Question 18

What role does campus recreation play on a college campus
__________
__________
__________
__________

Question 19

Americans with Disabilities Act
The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination based on disability. a There are five sections of the act:
Title 1: Employment: Qualified candidates cannot be discriminated against in the hiring process, employment, or discharge based on disability.
Title 2: State and Local Government: People with disabilities must have access to state and local government facilities and programs. This section also addresses accessibility of transportation such as on buses and trains.
Title 3: Public Accommodations (and Commercial Facilities): People with disabilities may not be discriminated against with regard to use of public accommodations including hotels, resorts, restaurants, and recreation opportunities, among others. In addition, buildings must be compliant with the ADA Accessibility Guidelines. Private clubs and religious organizations are exempt from the law. Public accommodations can include such things as sign language interpreters, assistive listening devices, Braille publications, taped publications, telephone typewriter (TDD)/Telecommunications Device for the Deaf (TTY), and facility accessibility.
Title 4: Telecommunications: Telecommunications companies must make their services available to people with disabilities. This is most focused on serving people who are deaf/hard of hearing and/or who have a speech impairment.
Title 5: Miscellaneous Provisions: This section covers the technical aspects of the law such as immunity under ADA, retaliation against claims, and responsibilities for technical assistance.
What aspects of the facility and/or programs were not accessible

Question 20

Describe private-membership recreation and give some examples of clubs. Explain the issues with member discrimination.
__________
__________
__________
__________

Question 21

An Unfair Advantage
In 2012 Oscar Pistorius, a double leg amputee from South Africa, became the first athlete to compete in both the Olympics and Paralympics in the same year. a U.S. Olympic hopeful Blake Leeper, also a double leg amputee, will attempt to make both 2016 Olympic games as well. b
Both men use Flex-Foot Cheetah blades that are custom built from high performance carbon fiber. Several studies have addressed if there is an advantage to using manufactured limbs to race. However, the results have been inconclusive. One study stated that the amputee using the blades was "physiologically similar but mechanically dissimilar" to someone running with intact legs. He uses oxygen the same way natural-legged sprinters do, but he moves his body differently. Some of the other arguments that have not been thoroughly tested include that Pistorius's and Leeper's lower legs are half the weight of an intact leg and will swing faster resulting in faster times; the blades will not tire like a lower leg will; and that more force is needed to make the blades propel the runner forward than an actual leg needs, which results in slower times.
Based on your pros and cons list, would you allow Leeper to participate Why or why not

Question 22

Employee Recreation Improves Morale
Business Insider published an article that featured the 18 best perks on the job provided by major corporations across the country. a Many of those were recreation related, including:
Campbell Soup: On-site afterschool programs for children of employees
Google: Access to company bowling alley, bocce courts, and gyms
Smuckers: Holds bowling nights and softball games for employees
Boeing: 12 paid holidays and a winter recess between Christmas and New Years
Chesapeake Energy: On-site 72,000-square-foot fitness facility that includes an Olympic-sized pool, a sand volleyball court, rock climbing wall, and a quarter-mile walking track
TIAA-CREF: Allows employees to play up to six sports on site through the corporate athletic program
Yahoo: Offices have on-site fitness centers with yoga, cardio-kickboxing, pilates, and golf classes. Yahoo also provides its employees with discounts to ski resorts and California theme parks.
List the pros and cons of having an employee recreation program within a company.

Question 23

Incentives for Fitness
Because of soaring healthcare costs, up to a third of all companies have resorted to paying employees to be healthy. They are paying for gym memberships, Weight Watchers memberships, and time off to exercise. Some are paying staff to stop smoking, while others are banning smoking altogether. Baylor Health Care System offers employees $50 for each 100-day cycle they participate in the company's fitness program. a OhioHealth paid employees to wear pedometers and record their steps each day. The more they walked, the higher they were paid-up to $500 per year. Other companies felt that people are more concerned about losing their own money than winning money from the company. As a result, employees put up money as a deposit and sign an agreement to lose weight by a certain date. If they do not, they forfeit the deposit. One company donated the money to a charity the employee did not like. b
If employees are paid to be healthy, should those who are not healthy be penalized