Deck 12: Work, Leisure, and Retirement

Question 1

Finding out that textbook examples learned in school often do not match the real world of work can lead to reality shock.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The passage of the Infant and Childcare Act in 1993 entitled workers to take unpaid time off to care for dependents with the right to return to their jobs.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

High postvacation workloads eliminate most of the positive effects of a vacation within about one week.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Terkel (1974) reported that workers were most likely to feel alienated when they performed routine, repetitive actions.

Question 5

European American men help with chores less than either Latino or African American men.

Question 6

A developmental coach is a person who teaches the informal rules of an organization to a new colleague.

Question 7

In an effort to improve mentor-mentee matches, some organizations have taken a cue from dating and created virtual mentoring.

Question 8

The Senior Corps consists of three major programs: Foster grandparents, Retired Senior Volunteer Program (RSVP), and Senior Companions.

Question 9

Social cognitive career theory proposes career choice is a result of the application of Erikson's social cognitive theory.

Question 10

Holland's personality-type theory proposes that people choose occupations to optimize the fit between their individual traits and their occupational interests.

Question 11

Vallerand's two kinds of passion are compulsive and harmonious.

Question 12

The process by which people remove themselves from full-time employment is called reality shock.

Question 13

People who are unemployed for at least a year perceive their mental health more negatively than those who are employed or have stopped looking for work.

Question 14

Mentoring fulfills Erikson's psychosocial crisis of intimacy.

Question 15

Compared to other countries, women in the United States tend to be employed at lower rates.

Question 16

Alienation is a state of physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion as a result of work stress.

Question 17

Millennials are more egotistical than the baby boomers.

Question 18

Blue- and pink-collar workers tend to derive meaning most from finding unity with others and developing the inner self.

Question 19

Most women prefer organizations that highly value relationships and individuality.

Question 20

Denying a job to someone solely on the basis of whether that person is a man or a woman is called gender discrimination.

Question 21

Playing the role of mentor fulfills which aspect of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?

A) Generativity
B) Ego integrity
C) Identity
D) Intimacy

Question 22

Which of the following variables is related to the kinds of leisure activities people choose?

A) Education
B) Income
C) Health
D) All of these are correct

Question 23

Which of the following occurs when there is a lack of promotional opportunity in the organization or a person decides not to seek advancement?

A) Career deceleration
B) Obsolescence
C) Career plateauing
D) Depression

Question 24

How do mentors benefit from the mentor-mentee relationship?

A) Mentoring may enable a person to rise to a higher level in his or her own career.
B) Mentors are guaranteed promotions.
C) Mentors can hand off their job duties to others.
D) Mentors are rewarded with work perks like more vacation time.

Question 25

Compared to European Americans,

A) it takes minority workers significantly longer to find jobs.
B) minority workers have stronger work ethics.
C) Latinos have lower rates of unemployment.
D) Latinos have higher rates of unemployment, but they have lower rates of unemployment than African Americans.

Question 26

Around the world, large numbers of employees each year participate in _____________ aimed at improving existing skills or adding new job skills.

A) retraining
B) community service
C) motivational seminars
D) team building exercises

Question 27

After decades of attention to the glass ceiling, what have been the results?

A) Little change has been made in the number of women who lead major corporations, serve on their boards, or are company directors.
B) Women now outnumber men as top executives, board members, and directors of major corporations.
C) Women now equal men in numbers of top executives, board members, and directors of major corporations.
D) The glass ceiling was found to be a myth. Women were always represented in numbers equal to men in top corporate positions.

Question 28

According to the U.S. Department of Labor (2013), the job category that includes such occupations as _____________ _______ has the lowest participation rates of women.

A) administrative assistants and nursing
B) science and technology
C) social work and day care workers
D) electricians, plumbers, and carpenters

Question 29

Which of the following is not one of the ways leisure activities buffer us from stress?

A) Leisure activities distract us from negative life events.
B) They generate optimism about the future because they are pleasant.
C) They connect us to our past.
D) They encourage us to be passive in responding to stressful events.

Question 30

The concept of _____________ has been used to explain why African American and Asian American men do not advance as much in their careers as European men.

A) alienation
B) sex discrimination
C) the glass ceiling
D) the glass cliff

Question 31

The passage of __________________________ entitled workers to take unpaid time off to care for their dependents with the right to return to their jobs.

A) Family and Medical Leave Act
B) Workers Rights Act
C) Fair Labor Act
D) Equal Rights Amendment

Question 32

The tool created by AARP to help retirees find their path in retirement is called

A) Life Reimagined®.
B) What's Next?®
C) Journey's End®.
D) Time To Grow®.

Question 33

A study of Filipino and Taiwanese workers in the long-term healthcare industry in Taiwan showed

A) workers with 4 or 5 years' experience had lower job satisfaction than workers with less experience.
B) workers with 4 or 5 years' experience had higher job satisfaction than workers with less experience.
C) workers with 14 or 15 years' experience had lower job satisfaction than workers with less experience.
D) d, workers with 14 or 15 years' experience had higher job satisfaction than workers with less experience.

Question 34

Megan feels that her work is meaningless and not valued. She is having feelings of

A) burnout.
B) alienation.
C) job dissatisfaction.
D) job mismatch.

Question 35

Research in France and Canada indicates that high rates of Vallerand's obsessive passion leads to

A) higher rates of job satisfaction.
B) lower rates of alienation.
C) lower rates of conflict.
D) higher rates of burnout.

Question 36

Modifying occupational goals happens for many reasons including

A) the person's interests change.
B) the occupation was not a good fit.
C) the person lacks certain essential skills and cannot acquire them.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 37

Those in______________________ positions show an increase in job satisfaction with age, whereas those in ______________ positions generally do not.

A) white-collar; pink collar
B) blue-collar; white-collar
C) white-collar; blue-collar
D) blue-collar; pink collar

Question 38

Social cognitive career theory (SCCT) proposes that career choice is a result of the application of social cognitive theory, particularly the concept of self-efficacy.

A) Piaget's
B) Holland's
C) Bandura's
D) Vygotsky's

Question 39

Which of the following is not a major category of leisure activities?

A) Experiential
B) Developmental
C) Social-public
D) Psychological

Question 40

In a comprehensive study of the effects of unemployment, losing one's job was related to lower mental health, life satisfaction, and subjective physical health. These effects disappeared with

A) relocation.
B) family support.
C) government financial assistance.
D) reemployment.

Question 41

What aspect of leisure activities remains constant across adulthood?

A) The type pursued
B) The varieties of activity
C) The intensity of involvement in the activity
D) The length of activity

Question 42

Jackie is a postal worker who processes mail. Jackie perceives a lot of pressure on the job, and the pace is more than she can bear on most days. Jackie is likely to be experiencing

A) alienation.
B) burnout.
C) stress.
D) unrealistic expectations.

Question 43

Melissa spent 20 years in school to earn an advanced degree. She just started her first job and realized that what she was taught in school is not really the way that the career works. Melissa is experiencing

A) occupational expectations.
B) occupational reality.
C) reality shock.
D) career expectations.

Question 44

The neurological effects of burnout on the brain include all of the following parts of the brain except

A) frontal lobe.
B) amygdala.
C) anterior cingulate cortex.
D) hypothalamus.

Question 45

A process that helps people make fundamental changes in their lives by focusing on general skill development and performance improvement is known as

A) developmental coaching.
B) mentoring.
C) reality shock training.
D) the millennial approach to employee improvement.

Question 46

Individuals usually retire when they

A) feel they have met all their professional goals.
B) have a spouse at home that requires care.
C) feel they are financially secure.
D) become grandparents.

Question 47

Part of the reason it is difficult to define retirement precisely is that the decision to retire involves the loss of occupational identity with

A) no obvious replacement for that loss.
B) no assurance that a person will remain retired.
C) a new replacement identity as a volunteer in an undetermined area of need.
D) a replacement role as a member of a lower tax bracket.

Question 48

Which theory posits that people build careers through their own actions that result from the "interface of their own personal characteristics and the social context"?

A) Career context theory
B) Career construction theory
C) Aptitude career theory
D) Personality-work construction theory

Question 49

Getting rid of older workers by using retirement incentives is an example of

A) the glass ceiling.
B) age discrimination.
C) ageist stereotypes.
D) age harassment.

Question 50

When paired with mentors, women

A) showed slower career advancement.
B) received more positive performance evaluations.
C) benefited by having higher expectations.
D) changed careers more often.

Question 51

How can employers avoid alienating workers and improve organizational commitment? Research indicates that _________ is key.

A) increasing vacation time
B) providing donuts and bagels on Fridays
C) raising expectations
D) trust

Question 52

Which person devised a theory in which people choose occupations that optimize the fit between their individual traits and their occupational interests?

A) Terkel
B) Holland
C) Vallerand
D) Sandberg

Question 53

Joe works on an assembly line where he puts together windshield wiper parts. He is unhappy in his job because he feels it is routine, repetitive, and undervalued. Joe is experiencing

A) alienation.
B) burnout.
C) stress.
D) unrealistic expectations.

Question 54

Which of the following is a generational difference in occupational expectations?

A) Baby boomers are more likely to change jobs than millennials.
B) Millennials are more likely to change jobs than baby boomers.
C) Baby boomers are more likely to view traditional organizations with distrust and cynicism.
D) Baby boomers are more globally aware and prefer a work culture focused on employee development.

Question 55

Mary is a construction worker with a larger firm. She really enjoys the hands-on work and the good pay. However, her friends and family do not view her career favorably. This is likely because

A) she holds a nontraditional job.
B) she is too feminine.
C) she is too masculine.
D) she has unrealistic expectations.

Question 56

The more complex version (the six-factor version) of the social cognitive career theory includes which two additional variables?

A) Aptitude and achievement
B) Income and education
C) Supports and barriers
D) Talents and skills

Question 57

Which of the following is not a role of mentors?

A) Helping the protégé to avoid trouble
B) Ensuring that the protégé gets noticed
C) Introducing the protégé to potential mates
D) Providing advice on finding another job

Question 58

When a person loses his or her occupational idealism and feels like he or she is being exploited, this is termed

A) alienation.
B) burnout.
C) stress.
D) unrealistic expectations.

Question 59

Today, we tend to think of careers as something people _____________ rather than something people ____________.

A) need; want
B) create; enter
C) enter; create
D) desire; need

Question 60

According to your textbook, couples who _____________ are ______________.

A) have pets; more stressed
B) spend time with other couples; less happy
C) spend time apart; happier
D) play together; happier

Question 61

One approach to prevent a poor mentor- protégé match is to

A) assign only male mentors.
B) assign only veteran mentors.
C) use "speed mentoring" to create better matches.
D) assign only female mentors.

Question 62

In social cognitive career theory (SCCT), what you want to achieve is represented by the factor

A) self-efficacy.
B) interests.
C) outcome expectations.
D) choice goals.

Question 63

Which of the following is not one of the variables in the four-factor version of social cognitive career theory?

A) Self-efficacy
B) Interests
C) Outcome expectations
D) Barriers

Question 64

Overall, labor force participation for older adults in developed countries has been increasing most rapidly among

A) women.
B) men.
C) divorced people.
D) child-free individuals.

Question 65

While young adults prefer intense physical leisure activities like scuba diving and hang gliding, those in later middle age tend to spend more time in

A) educational activities like going back to school.
B) social activities like hosting parties.
C) sedentary activities like reading and watching television.
D) community-based activities like volunteering.

Question 66

According to your textbook, women's careers are likely to be irreparably harmed without

A) flexible work schedules when children are older.
B) training in how to cope with stress.
C) improvements in the availability of public transportation.
D) training in time management.

Question 67

The concept of _____________ describes how executives with better fit between their personal intentions and their firm's mission care more about their employees' happiness, job satisfaction, and emotional well-being.

A) meaning-mission fit
B) corporate sensitivity
C) employee-company wellness
D) corporate-mission-care

Question 68

Millennials tend to

A) have an inherent mistrust in organizations.
B) be less happy than adults in previous generations.
C) be less satisfied than adults in previous generations.
D) plan to work at one job for their entire career.

Question 69

When academically talented high school students were asked about their career expectations and outcomes, it turned out that 10 and even 20 years later,

A) they were surprising accurate.
B) they were overwhelmingly inaccurate.
C) they were even more successful than they had predicted.
D) the majority of them had changed jobs at least three times.

Question 70

A main barrier to women making it to the top of their career is

A) role overload.
B) role conflict.
C) lack of interest.
D) sex discrimination.

Question 71

Burnout is most common

A) among people in financial professions.
B) among people in the helping professions.
C) in blue-collar workers.
D) in urban areas.

Question 72

Most people retire

A) because their company downsized and let them go.
B) because they accepted a retirement incentive package.
C) because they are in poor health.
D) by choice.

Question 73

Occupational fields such as teaching and nursing have gone to great lengths to try to alleviate reality shock by offering

A) financial incentives to those choosing teaching and nursing majors.
B) student loan pay-back assistance.
C) higher starting salaries to attract more people to these fields.
D) internships and practicums.

Question 74

An individual who helps a person focus on their goals, motivations, and aspirations to help them achieve focus and apply them appropriately is known as a

A) reality shock monitor.
B) supervisor.
C) mentor.
D) developmental coach.

Question 75

Randy just found out that teaching elementary school is a lot more work than he thought. This is an example of

A) occupational expectation.
B) occupational development.
C) specification changes.
D) reality shock.

Question 76

Although people may have tendencies that relate to certain types of occupations, they are unlikely to choose those occupations or careers unless

A) their friends have also chosen the same occupation or career.
B) they believe they could be successful in the career choice.
C) they have parental approval of the career choice.
D) they feel they could make a lot of money in a certain career.

Question 77

Women have _____________ the amount of time they spend on housework, and men have _____________ the amount of time they spend on such tasks.

A) decreased; increased
B) increased; decreased
C) held constant; increased
D) decreased; held constant

Question 78

Women often encounter a _____________ in which their leadership positions are precarious.

A) glass floor
B) glass wall
C) glass ceiling
D) glass cliff

Question 79

Two of the most common ways people deal with stress are ____________ and _______________.

A) smoking; drinking alcohol
B) emotion-focused coping; problem-focused coping.
C) aggressive behaviors; overeating
D) avoiding their problems; going shopping

Question 80

A term for the level in a corporation that women may rise to but not go beyond is

A) glass ceiling.
B) gender barrier.
C) hidden discrimination.
D) overt sexism.