Deck 11: Prison and Jails

Question 1

Which of the following statements pertaining to custodial institutions is true?

A)They were more likely to house inmates who were White.
B)They were popular in the northern states.
C)Inmates were provided with little programming or treatment.
D)Inmates were housed in separate and comfortable cells.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

This reformatory era saw the introduction of ______ as an early release program to reward inmate's rehabilitative efforts.

A)probation
B)work release
C)parole
D)community service

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The flagship institution of the Pennsylvania System is ______.

A)Eastern State Penitentiary
B)Sing Sing
C)Castle Island Fortress
D)Parchman Farms

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Custodial institutions were popular in ______ states.

A)northern
B)southern
C)western
D)eastern

Question 5

______ first opened in 1776 and was designed to serve as a workhouse.

A)Sing Sing
B)Walnut Street Jail
C)Eastern State Penitentiary
D)Castle Island Fortress

Question 6

When inmates arrived at the Elmira Reformatory they were evaluated for which of the following?

A)to determine what led to their criminal behaviorwhether they were physically to work
B)to assess their aptitude for workability to pay for their stay
C)to assess their aptitude for rehabilitation
D)to determine whether they are a danger to themselves and other prisoners

Question 7

What year did the reformatory era emerge?

A)1842
B)1876
C)1946
D)1953

Question 8

In 1891, Carlos was sent to a prison facility where he was required to maintain total silence, and he was subjected to harsh whippings.Carlos was most likely serving time in what facility?

A)Eastern State Penitentiary
B)Sing Sing
C)Castle Island Fortress
D)Parchman Farms

Question 9

2. Which of the following was identified as a characteristic of early jails?

A) There was space for all inmates.
B) Prisoners were required to pay their own way.
C) They had the basic necessities such as heating, water, or plumbing.
D) Facilities had large cell sizes designed for multiple inmates.

Question 10

Which of the following was identified as a characteristic of the reformatory era?

A)Inmates could earn time off of their sentence for good behavior.ability to earn time off was eliminated.
B)Inmates were evaluated to determine what led to their criminal behavior.
C)Inmates' aptitude for work and rehabilitation was assessed.was ignored.
D)Inmates were able to leave the premises to visit family and friends

Question 11

______ was a significant component of the rehabilitative efforts in the Pennsylvania system.

A)Politics
B)Economics
C)Religion
D)Medical treatment

Question 12

The ______ was a silent system in which inmates engaged in congregate labor systems.

A)Massachusetts System
B)Pennsylvania System
C)New York System
D)Southern Agricultural System

Question 13

The reformatory era emerged at ______.

A)Elmira Reformatory
B)Auburn Reformatory
C)Parchman Reformatory
D)El Dorado Reformatory

Question 14

The ______ was characterized by larger cells that allowed inmates to remain isolated from each other.This system of solitary confinement was developed to prevent inmates from corrupting one another.

A)Massachusetts System
B)Pennsylvania System
C)New York System
D)Southern Agricultural System

Question 15

Besides reformatories, during this time period, which of the following facilities were also used?

A)workhouses
B)custodial institutions
C)private prisons
D)gaols

Question 16

Sing Sing prison in New York was made famous by the use of which of the following execution methods?

A)firing squad
B)hanging
C)electrocution
D)lethal gas

Question 17

The reformatory era emerged in ______.

A)Philadelphia
B)Los Angeles
C)Chicago
D)New York

Question 18

The earliest facility that embodied the concepts of the New York System was ______.

A)Eastern State Penitentiary
B)Sing Sing
C)Castle Island Fortress
D)Auburn Prison

Question 19

A ______ is a facility that is designed to house individuals for a period of time as a form of punishment for breaking the law.

A)prison
B)jail
C)penitentiary
D)work house

Question 20

______ first opened in 1831 with 800 cells.Over time, more units were added to increase the number of inmates that could be housed.The days were filled with corporal punishment and abuse of the prisoners in the name of "rehabilitation."

A)Eastern State Penitentiary
B)Sing Sing
C)Castle Island Fortress
D)Parchman Farms

Question 21

Most prisons are run by the ______ government.

A)federal
B)state
C)local
D)county

Question 22

The Safe Neighborhoods and Schools Act of 2014 changed which of the following nonviolent offences from felony crimes to misdemeanors?

A) jaywalking
B) shoplifting
C) truancy
D) grand theft

Question 23

______ make up the majority of all inmates in local jails.

A)Blacks
B)Whites
C)Hispanics/Latinos
D)Asians

Question 24

In addition to jails that are run by local authorities, there are ______ jails that are operated by Tribal authorities and the Bureau of Indian Affairs.These facilities house individuals who are arrested or sentenced for crimes that occur on tribal land.

A)15
B)36
C)64
D)80

Question 25

The majority of offenders housed in tribal facilities are ______.

A)female
B)male
C)elderly
D)juveniles

Question 26

Which of the following states was identified as having the largest number of people incarcerated?

A)California
B)Missouri
C)Colorado
D)Texas

Question 27

______ have higher rates of incarceration for violent offenses.

A)Whites
B)Blacks
C)Hispanics
D)Asians

Question 28

More than 30% of half of all inmates are in jail forin state prisons are in for ______ offenses

A)violent
B)property
C)drug
D)public order

Question 29

The average cost per incarcerated inmate in California is ______ per year.

A)$15,000
B)$27,000
C)$47,000
D)$54,000

Question 30

The average length of stay for an individual house in a tribal jail was ______ days.

A)one
B)three
C)five
D)eight

Question 31

______ have higher rates of incarceration for property crimes.

A)Blacks
B)Whites
C)Hispanics/Latinos
D)Asians

Question 32

Which of the following contributed to the increase in federal prisons and inmate populations?

A)determinate sentencing practices
B)indeterminate sentencing practices
C)creation of parole and probation
D)the use of good time credits

Question 33

While men are more likely to be incarcerated for violent crimes, women are more likely to be incarcerated for which of the following?

A)property offenses and drug offenses
B)drug offenses and violent offenses
C)violent offenses and white-collar offenses
D)public order offenses and drug offenses

Question 34

Between 1900 and 1940, the ______ era dominated the prison landscape.

A)punishment
B)treatment
C)reformatory
D)restoration

Question 35

California's ______ efforts have led to significant changes in the state's incarceration population.

A)reformation
B)deterrent
C)tough on crime
D)realignment

Question 36

______ are managed by local city or county governments and are often staffed by the local police or sheriff.

A)Jails
B)Prisons
C)Reformatories
D)Penitentiaries

Question 37

In terms of severity, 54.5% of all inmates are in state prison for ______.

A)drug crimes
B)public-order offenses
C)property crimes
D)violent crimes

Question 38

Today, ______ are used to house individuals who are awaiting criminal prosecution and are either NOT eligible for bail or cannot afford it.

A)jails
B)prisons
C)reformatories
D)penitentiaries

Question 39

The majority of the inmates in federal prisons are ______.

A)male and Black
B)male and White
C)female and White
D)female and Black

Question 40

The most common cause of death in custody while in jail is ______.

A)suicide
B)murder
C)illness related
D)use of force by staff

Question 41

At ______ inmates have less freedom of movement and are more likely to be housed in cells with another offender or in smaller dormitory-style units.

A)minimum
B)medium
C)maximum
D)supermax

Question 42

The majority of offenders in federal prison are between the ages _____.

A) 18 and 25
B) 26 and 30
C) 31 and 40
D) 41 and 65

Question 43

The majority of all offenders in military branches are incarcerated for ______.

A)drug crimes
B)public crimes
C)crimes against the government
D)sexually based crimes

Question 44

Which of the following as identified as being an important demographic of incarcerated women?

A)poverty
B)age
C)motherhood
D)location

Question 45

The majority of individuals in military prison were from the ______.

A)marines
B)navy
C)army
D)air force

Question 46

It was once the prevailing legal philosophy that prisoners forfeited their constitutional rights as a consequence of their crimes.______ shifted this philosophy and opened the floodgates on prisoner litigation.

A)Batson v.Kentucky
B)Cooper v.Pate
C)Estelle v.Gamble
D)Brown v.Plata

Question 47

______ are characteristics about an offender that do NOT change.

A)Static risk factors
B)Dynamic risk factors
C)Criminogenic risk factors
D)Temporary risk factors

Question 48

As part of California's efforts to reduce prison overcrowding, correctional officials have shifted the correctional supervision of lower level offenders to ______.

A)local governments
B)private prisons
C)rehabilitation centers
D)federal prisons

Question 49

Much of the rise in female criminality is the result of minor ______.

A)drug crimes
B)property crimes
C)public-order crimes
D)lower-level felony crimes

Question 50

The Eighth Amendment that has issued some of the more sweeping reforms to the prison environment.One of the most significant decisions occurred in the case of ______ , which held that institutions may NOT engage in the deliberate indifference of the serious medical needs of inmates.

A)Batson v.Kentucky
B)Cooper v.Pate
C)Estelle v.Gamble
D)Brown v.Plata

Question 51

Inmates in ______ facilities are generally locked up in individual cells for 23 hours a day and are kept in solitary confinement with limited interaction with others.

A)minimum
B)medium
C)maximum
D)supermax

Question 52

Placement at minimum security prisons are based on which of the following?

A) socioeconomic status
B) military status
C) length of time left on their sentence
D) medical history of the inmate

Question 53

Which of the following factors was identified as a predictor of higher levels of prison misconduct?

A)younger inmates
B)older inmates
C)inmates with shorter sentences
D)minimum security level

Question 54

The majority of prisons in the United States are classified as ______ security prisons.

A)minimum
B)medium
C)maximum
D)supermax

Question 55

A ______ security-level prison is designed to house serious and violent offenders.Inmate movement and autonomy is significantly restricted, and inmates are often a risk to themselves, other inmates, and staff.

A)minimum
B)medium
C)maximum
D)supermax

Question 56

Which of the following was identified as a challenge faced by correctional officers?

A)a low high degree of bureaucracy within prison walls
B)a risk of harm from the inmates
C)officers may feel stuck in their roles as they perform the same duties day in and day outfeel like they can move up in their roles
D)they are unable to receive raises and promotions within the system

Question 57

There is a disproportionate number of ______ in state prisons.

A)white males
B)black males
C)white females
D)black females

Question 58

Which of the following occurs when inmates of color are overrepresented in the prison population, compared with their representation in society in general?

A)racial disproportionality
B)prison misconduct
C)proliferation of gangs
D)overcrowding

Question 59

Which of the following states houses a large number of inmates in private facilities

A)California
B)Texas
C)Arizona
D)Hawaii

Question 60

Which of the following were identified as consequences of overcrowding?

A) inmate jobs increased
B) rehabilitative programming increased with capacity
C) decreased tension between inmates
D) impact on the welfare of the prison staff

Question 61

The New York System was a system of solitary confinement.

Question 62

Many minimum-level facilities have limited or no fencing around the perimeter of the institution.

Question 63

During the reformatory era, good time credits allowed inmates to earn time off of their sentence for good behavior.

Question 64

Risk assessment tools help reduce bias by eliminating extralegal factors, such as race or gender, from consideration in the determination of risk

Question 65

For young inmates, black males had the greatest disparity of incarceration as they were 10 times more likely to be in prison compared to similarly aged white men.

Question 66

Most prison inmates are housed in federal prisons.

Question 67

Opponents of rehabilitation argue that ______.

A)retribution satisfies societal demands for discipline and order and subjects an offender to just punishment
B)incarceration has negative consequences for mental health
C)rehabilitation is necessary to prepare prisoners for reentry to society
D)rehabilitation leads to less recidivism rates

Question 68

Like the inmate population, the majority of jail employees are female.

Question 69

Dynamic risk factors are characteristics or situations involving the offender than cannot change.

Question 70

Racial disproportionality occurs when inmates of color are overrepresented in the prison population, compared to their representation in society in general.

Question 71

Overcrowding occurs when there are more individuals in prison than a facility is designed to house.Both the Bureau of Prisons and at least 18 states are currently dealing with issues of prison overcrowding.

Question 72

Facilities that are designed to house individuals for a period of time as a form of punishment for breaking the law are referred to as prison.

Question 73

Solitary confinement falls in line with which of the following punishment philosophies?

A)deterrence
B)incapacitation
C)reformation
D)rehabilitation

Question 74

Gang members, sex offenders, and those who have a history of mental health issues have higher rates of violence behind bars.

Question 75

Prisons are used to house individuals who are awaiting criminal prosecution, individuals on shorter term sentences, or individuals that are being held for a probation or parole violation.

Question 76

Texas houses the greatest number of inmates in private facilities.

Question 77

Incarceration is an expensive investment.

Question 78

A minimum security-level prison is designed to house serious and violent offenders.Inmate movement and autonomy is significantly restricted, and inmates are often a risk to themselves, other inmates and staff.

Question 79

The failures of the reformatory era sent the pendulum swinging back to a focus on punishment over rehabilitation.

Question 80

The Pennsylvania System was a silent system where inmates engaged in congregate labor.