Deck 6: Criminal Justice Policy

Question 1

The evaluation stage looks at the ______ of the policy.

A)cost
B)progression
C)efficiency
D)efficacy

Answer 1

D

Question 2

______ is the most important stage of policy development, but one that many suggest is overlooked and underemphasized.

A)Identification
B)Implementation
C)Adoption
D)Evaluation

Answer 2

D

Question 3

______ looks at the changes that occur as a result of the policy.

A)Process evaluation
B)Outcome evaluation
C)Policy implementation
D)Agenda formation

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is considered to be one of the most politicized stages in policy development?

A)problem identification
B)agenda formation
C)policy evaluation
D)policy implementation

Question 5

Which of the following is a stage of policy development?

A)problem eradication
B)agenda discussion
C)policy implementation
D)policy termination

Question 6

The ______ stage of policy development looks at the efficacy of the policy.

A)identification
B)implementation
C)evaluation
D)adoption

Question 7

______ involves looking at the progression of the policy development experience.

A)Process evaluation
B)Outcome evaluation
C)Policy implementation
D)Agenda formation

Question 8

Which of the following stages comes after the agenda formation process?

A)adoption
B)implementation
C)evaluation
D)identification

Question 9

According to the text, policies can be particularly useful when there are high levels of ______.

A)violence
B)discretion
C)crime
D)governmental control

Question 10

The war on drugs began when President ______ declared the abuse of illegal drugs as "public enemy number one."

A)Johnson
B)Nixon
C)Clinton
D)Reagan

Question 11

Which of the following stages involves evaluating the goal or objective of the policy?

A)problem identification
B)policy adoption
C)policy evaluation
D)policy implementation

Question 12

Policy development occurs in six stages.Which of the following is the correct order of these stages?

A)policy demands, problem identification, agenda formation, policy adoption, policy implementation, and policy evaluation
B)problem identification, policy demands, agenda formation, policy adoption, policy implementation, and policy evaluation
C)policy demands, agenda formation, problem identification, policy adoption, policy implementation, and policy evaluation
D)problem identification, policy demands, agenda formation, policy implementation, policy adoption, and policy evaluation

Question 13

______ is/are used to provide guidance to criminal justice officials.

A)Discretion
B)Policies
C)Direct democracy
D)Indirect democracy

Question 14

The Fair Sentencing Act of 2010 reduced the sentencing ratio between crack and power cocaine to ______.

A)13:1
B)15:1
C)18:1
D)20:1

Question 15

Which of the following were identified as challenges that come arise during the implementation stage?

A)an issue cannot be pinpointed
B)the policy was not adopted
C)there may be challenges to the policy that may halt the implementation
D)agencies might not want to implement the policy

Question 16

______ is all about spending money.

A)Identification
B)Adoption
C)Implementation
D)Evaluation

Question 17

According to the text, which of the following provide judges with a range that they can use to help make sentencing decisions for offenders?

A)procedures
B)guidelines
C)policies
D)discretion

Question 18

Policy evaluation can be divided into two general categories: ______ and ______.

A)process evaluation; outcome evaluation
B)agenda formation; policy revision
C)policy adoption; policy revision
D)process evaluation; impact evaluation

Question 19

Which of the following is a(n) example of an issue in criminal justice?

A)sex education in schools
B)rehabilitation programs for ex-offenders
C)safe space locations for LGBTQ students in schools
D)federal funding for survivors of natural disasters

Question 20

According to the text, issues can be identified by which of the following?

A)concerned citizens
B)the media
C)politicians
D)Supreme Court justices

Question 21

Which of the following were created through the citizen initiative process in California?

A)Stop and Frisk
B)Three Strikes
C)Megan's Law
D)Stand Your Ground Law

Question 22

Which of the following statements pertaining to conservative politics is true?

A)they focus on the importance of due process, individual freedoms, and constitutional rights
B)they tend to lean toward a more rehabilitative focus
C)they see the actions of criminals as part of a rational-choice process
D)they believe that society should fight against the racist, gendered, and classist disparities in the system

Question 23

Who among the following presidents declared a war on crime?

A)Ronald Reagan
B)Richard Nixon
C)George W.Bush
D)Jimmy Carter

Question 24

Which of the following program fidelity factors involves determining the number, length, and frequency of sessions in the program?

A)dosage
B)setting
C)material
D)delivery

Question 25

Which of the following statements pertaining to congress and criminal justice policies is true?

A)Findings show that it can take time to raise awareness of an issue within Congress.
B)Awareness of an issue always leads to behavioral changes.
C)Policy makers have never enacted new laws despite evidence of the contrary.
D)Presidential politics appears to impact congressional activity during the same year.

Question 26

______ refers to consistency, which is important when it comes to replicating successful efforts in a new environment.

A)Program fidelity
B)Program fairness
C)Program replication
D)Program modeling

Question 27

Which of the following is a political process where prospective laws are proposed for voters to approve during an election?

A)recall
B)initiative
C)referenda
D)electoral vote

Question 28

Which of the following statements pertaining to liberal views is true?

A)liberals lean towards less intervention by the government
B)liberals believe that existing economic and political inequalities are justified
C)liberals tend to learn toward a more retributive focus for punishment of offenders
D)liberals tend to focus on due process, individual freedoms, and constitutional rights

Question 29

Which of the following states legalized marijuana in 2012?

A)Washington and Colorado
B)Oregon and Nevada
C)Colorado and Utah
D)Arkansas and Florida

Question 30

One of the initial efforts to share research findings on effective crime control strategies and prevention/intervention programming came with the passage of the ______ of 1973.

A)Crime Control Act
B)Anti-Drug Abuse Act
C)Sentencing Reform Act
D)Narcotics Control Act

Question 31

Some states have an alternative method of creating new laws and policies called ______.

A)direct democracy
B)indirect democracy
C)political democracy
D)dictatorship

Question 32

In which of the following cases did Scalia argue that the use of thermal imaging without a warrant to determine whether the defendant was growing marijuana was a violation of the Fourth Amendment?

A)Kyllo v.United States
B)Whren v.United States
C)Carpenter v.United States
D)Montgomery v.Louisiana

Question 33

Which of the following individuals was identified as having little power when it comes to making policy?

A)president
B)congressional members
C)constituents
D)lobbyists

Question 34

Liberal politics tend to focus on _____.

A)less government intervention
B)a law and order philosophy
C)constitutional rights
D)traditional values

Question 35

In which of the following cases did Gorsuch appear to side with more liberal judges by suggestions that the police would be required to obtain a warrant to use cellphone data to identify the location of a suspect?

A)Kyllo v.United States
B)Whren v.United States
C)Carpenter v.United States
D)Montgomery v.Louisiana

Question 36

In which of the following cases did Scalia believe that the police could use traffic violations as a pretext stop to conduct a search of a vehicle?

A)Kyllo v.United States
B)Whren v.United States
C)Carpenter v.United States
D)Montgomery v.Louisiana

Question 37

In ______ the U.S.Supreme Court found that juveniles who received a mandatory sentence of life without the possibility of parole can now return to the courts to have a hearing on whether they should be sentences to a term with the opportunity of parole.

A)Kyllo v.United States
B)Whren v.United States
C)Carpenter v.United States
D)Montgomery v.Louisiana

Question 38

The state of ______ amended various sentencing laws to expand the definition of rape and to remove probation as a sentencing option in light of Brock Turner's light sentence for sexual assault.

A)Texas
B)California
C)Maryland
D)Ohio

Question 39

At the federal level, who is responsible for sponsoring bills and setting them on the agenda?

A)president
B)congressional members
C)judges
D)executive agency heads

Question 40

The success of a president's reforms is dependent on the actions of ______.

A)Supreme Court justices
B)congressional members
C)state lawmakers
D)constituents

Question 41

Discretion refers to the power to make decisions by criminal justice officials.

Question 42

Which of the following program fidelity factors involves determining whether lecture, discussion, or active learning should be used?

A)dosage
B)setting
C)material
D)delivery

Question 43

Which of the following program fidelity factors focuses on the credentials of the program entities?

A)provider training
B)provider qualifications
C)materials
D)target population

Question 44

The agenda formation process is considered to be the least politicized stage in policy development.

Question 45

Policies can be useful particularly in cases where there are high levels of discretion.

Question 46

All of the following are arguments consistent with the statement that sex offender registries are not effective EXCEPT ______.

A)registration may lead to unfair stigma
B)it can lead to vigilante justice
C)registries give a false sense of security
D)it has led to a decrease in crime

Question 47

Changes in criminal justice policy generally occur in response to a need or issue that faces the criminal justice system and society as a whole.

Question 48

In 2011, the Department of Justice's budget included 27.1 billion dollars in discretionary funding.

Question 49

According to the text, results of ______ can vary across time and space.

A)implementation
B)evaluation
C)adoption
D)agenda formation

Question 50

Which of the following program fidelity factors involves determining the written and audiovisual modules that are included in the program curriculum?

A)dosage
B)setting
C)material
D)delivery

Question 51

Implementation is all about spending money-from hiring more officers to increasing police presence in particular regions to allocating funds to supervise offenders in the community.

Question 52

The last stage of the policy development process is policy implementation.

Question 53

Which of the following factors are taken into consideration when identifying the intended participants of programs?

A)credentials or qualifications
B)frequency of sessions
C)specific characteristics or risk factors
D)program curriculum

Question 54

Individuals who argue that the United States should NOT increase its laws on gun control usually cite the ______.

A)First Amendment
B)Second Amendment
C)Fourth Amendment
D)Fifth Amendment

Question 55

The question: "Where does the program take place?" is asked as a part of the ______ fidelity factor.

A)setting
B)delivery
C)dosage
D)target population

Question 56

Before a policy can be developed, an issue must be identified by concerned citizens, the media, advocacy groups, or politicians.

Question 57

The policy development process is organized in five stages.

Question 58

In regards to program evaluation, which of the following was identified as being important when it comes to replicating successful efforts in a new environment?

A)efficiency
B)effectiveness
C)consistency
D)conciseness

Question 59

The primary goal of sex offender registries is ______.

A)to reduce sexual assault
B)clearance rates
C)to bring more attention to sexual assault
D)to help victims heal

Question 60

Which of the following program fidelity factors focuses on the intended participants of the program?

A)provider training
B)provider qualifications
C)materials
D)target population

Question 61

The initiative process begins with a petition for a new law.If a minimum number of signatures from registered voters are obtained, the measure is placed on the ballot for the citizenry to vote on.

Question 62

Outcome evaluation involves looking at the progression of the policy development experience.

Question 63

List and briefly describe the stages of policy development.

Question 64

Presidents have no direct ability to pass legislation; rather, their goal is to persuade members of Congress to introduce items that are consistent with their interests.

Question 65

When it comes to developing criminal justice policy, there are several key players involved.

Question 66

The results of evaluations can vary across time and space.

Question 67

What is considered to be one of the most politicized stages in policy development? Why?

Question 68

The SAFE Act (Savings, Accountability, and Full Enforcement Act) of California (2012) highlighted the fiscal concerns of legalizing marijuana.

Question 69

Policy evaluation can be divided into two general categories: process evaluation and outcome evaluation.

Question 70

Process evaluation involves looking at the changes that occur as a result of the policy.

Question 71

Many of the California's most famous criminal justice policies were created through the citizen initiative process.

Question 72

Research demonstrates that the only variables that appeared to influence crime policy discussions in Congress were the crime rate and whether it was an election year.

Question 73

Criminal justice policies change over time.

Question 74

List and explain the two categories of policy evaluation.

Question 75

What are policies used for?

Question 76

Conservative politics lean toward less intervention by the government and focus on traditional values.

Question 77

Under the practice of direct democracy, citizens in all 50 states are empowered to make law through an initiative process that begins with a petition for a new law.

Question 78

The number of congressional hearings on crime increases significantly during an election year.

Question 79

It is NOT common to reference research when changing or creating policy.

Question 80

The ways in which a policy is implemented may differ significantly from the original intention of the authors of a policy.