Deck 12: Pregnancy and Childbirth

Question 1

Artificial (intrauterine) insemination is an effective intervention for men whose infertility is caused by a low sperm count.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The risk for infertility in women increases with age.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling are used to detect chromosomal abnormalities in a fetus.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The most common cause of infertility in women is endometriosis.

Question 5

Having mumps in early childhood can result in male sterility.

Question 6

The human ovum and sperm each contains 23 single chromosomes.

Question 7

An expectant mother's nutritional status is an important factor in the health of the fetus.

Question 8

Identical twins result when the sperm that fertilizes the ovum contains 46 chromosomes instead of 23 chromosomes.

Question 9

Most experts automatically classify a pregnancy as "high-risk" if the mother is over age 30.

Question 10

A congenital malformation is a defect that is present at the time of delivery.

Question 11

A sonogram may detect the presence of a structural abnormality.

Question 12

Pregnancy is divided into trimesters.

Question 13

An advantage of amniocentesis when compared to chorionic villus sampling is that it can be performed in the first trimester, which allows for earlier intervention if a defect is detected.

Question 14

The chorionic villi form the umbilical cord.

Question 15

Regular prenatal care is unnecessary for a healthy woman who is having an uncomplicated pregnancy.

Question 16

Preconception care includes assessments that women should receive to help them prepare for pregnancy.

Question 17

The third trimester is the period of greatest physical stress.

Question 18

A woman who has a history of STIs will eventually develop endometriosis.

Question 19

Smoking may cause infertility in men by reducing sperm counts and increasing the number of abnormal sperm.

Question 20

Lightening is an indicator of the onset of labour.

Question 21

All the following should be assessed during preconception care, EXCEPT

A) genetic diseases
B) marital status
C) diet
D) prior pregnancies

Question 22

What genetic syndrome are babies at risk of if their mother is over the age of 35?

A) Down syndrome
B) cystic fibrosis
C) Tay-Sachs syndrome
D) spina bifida

Question 23

Which of the following ethnic group has a risk of developing hemochromatosis (iron overload)?

A) African
B) Asian
C) Irish
D) Moroccan

Question 24

For which of the following conditions are persons of African ancestry at greater than average risk?

A) sickle-cell disease
B) tay-sachs disease
C) spina bifida
D) sickle-cell disease and thalassemia

Question 25

Conception normally occurs in the

A) ovary.
B) uterus.
C) vagina.
D) fallopian tube.

Question 26

The organ systems are highly susceptible to serious structural damage if exposure to a teratogen occurs at any point in the pregnancy.

Question 27

Alcohol use during pregnancy is acceptable if a woman does not drink more than two drinks per day.

Question 28

Sickle-cell disease is well known to affect persons of African ancestry, but what other ethnic group is also greatly affected by this disease?

A) Northern Europeans
B) Middle Easterners
C) Asian
D) Mediterranean Europeans

Question 29

Tay-Sachs disease is known to affect which ethnic group the greatest?

A) Northern Russian
B) Eastern European with Jewish ancestry
C) Mediterranean heritage
D) Spanish heritage

Question 30

An ovum or a sperm has _____________ chromosomes.

A) 22
B) 23
C) 44
D) 46

Question 31

People of Northern European ancestry at greater than average risk for which disease?

A) lactose intolerance
B) cystic fibrosis
C) Tay-Sachs disease
D) diabetes

Question 32

If the female egg is not fertilized, it will last about

A) 12 hours.
B) 24 hours.
C) 32 hours.
D) 48 hours.

Question 33

The cell that is created from the fertilization of an ovum with a sperm is called a(n)

A) embryo.
B) zygote.
C) blastocyst.
D) fetus.

Question 34

A fetus will not be affected by alcohol unless the woman drinks excessively during the first trimester.

Question 35

The hollow organ in which the blastocyst embeds itself is the

A) uterus.
B) cervix.
C) vagina.
D) oviduct.

Question 36

Getting drunk just one time during pregnancy is not enough to cause a problem in the infant's health.

Question 37

The basic units of heredity that direct the structure and function of all body cells are

A) chromosomes.
B) trophoblasts.
C) gametes.
D) genes.

Question 38

________________ is the natural process of fertilization of an egg by a sperm.

A) Conception
B) In vitro
C) Genetic coding
D) Insemination

Question 39

The average age of first-time mothers has increased by how many years from 1961 to 2016?

A) 2.2 years
B) 3.9 years
C) 5.6 years
D) has not risen

Question 40

Women should be vaccinated against which of the following before becoming pregnant?

A) rubella
B) herpes
C) tuberculosis
D) parvovirus B19

Question 41

A common treatment approach for infertility resulting from a low sperm count is

A) surrogate motherhood.
B) artificial (intrauterine) insemination.
C) advice to have intercourse only once a month to build up sperm stores.
D) fertility drug therapy.

Question 42

The process that results in fertilization of an ovum in a laboratory dish is called

A) artificial (intrauterine) insemination.
B) in vitro fertilization.
C) laparoscopic fertilization.
D) surrogate pregnancy.

Question 43

Surgically placing eggs and sperm into the fallopian tubes prior to fertilization is known as

A) ZIFT.
B) in vitro fertilization.
C) artificial (intrauterine) insemination.
D) GIFT.

Question 44

Emily is 30 years old and concerned about the possibility of infertility if she continues to postpone pregnancy. Most physicians would advise her to

A) have a fertility workup.
B) begin her family before she reaches age 35.
C) not be unduly concerned because menopause is unlikely to begin for at least 12 more years.
D) avoid pregnancy because of her age.

Question 45

____________ is collecting and concentrating the man's sperm and introducing it by syringe into a woman's vagina or uterus.

A) Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)
B) Artificial (intrauterine) insemination
C) Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT)
D) In vitro fertilization (IVF)

Question 46

Recent studies indicate that sperm counts worldwide have dropped dramatically. One reason for this decrease might be

A) an increase in toxic substances in the environment.
B) changes in clothing styles.
C) more men waiting until their thirties to have children.
D) a decrease in the use of chemicals that mimic hormones.

Question 47

____________ is a condition in which the uterine lining grows outside of the uterus.

A) Pelvic inflammatory disease
B) Endometriosis
C) Infertility
D) Ectopic pregnancy

Question 48

Human chorionic gonadotropin is a hormone

A) secreted by the implanted fertilized ovum.
B) that stimulates ovulation.
C) that allows conception to occur.
D) necessary for the success of in vitro fertilization.

Question 49

Pelvic inflammatory disease is most often the result of

A) age.
B) urinary tract infections.
C) infections from sexually transmitted diseases.
D) scarring from abdominal surgery.

Question 50

What percentage of reproductive-age population of Canada is affected by infertility?

A) 10%
B) 15%
C) 20%
D) 25%

Question 51

Fraternal twins

A) share the same genetic code.
B) are no more alike than other siblings.
C) result from one ovum fertilized by a single sperm.
D) are always of the same sex.

Question 52

Which of the following is the most common treatment for male infertility?

A) ZIFT
B) GIFT
C) artificial insemination
D) surrogate motherhood

Question 53

Alice delivered a set of fraternal twins. Which of the following statements about them is TRUE?

A) They will be exactly alike in terms of their genetic code.
B) They came from an ovum that was fertilized by two sperm.
C) They resulted from two ova, each fertilized by a separate sperm.
D) They came from two ova fertilized by a single sperm.

Question 54

Kelley's infertility is caused by blocked fallopian tubes. She has no history of pelvic infections or sexually transmitted diseases. What is the most likely cause of the blockage?

A) scarring from abnormal hormone levels
B) endometriosis
C) a congenital defect in the oviduct
D) a tumour

Question 55

Identical twins

A) share the same genetic code.
B) are no more alike than other siblings.
C) result from one ovum fertilized by two separate sperm.
D) result from two eggs fertilized by two separate sperm.

Question 56

Barbara has just given birth to quadruplets-two boys and two girls. At least how many eggs had to be fertilized?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Question 57

The hormone found only in pregnant women that, when detected, confirms pregnancy is

A) estrogen.
B) LHRH.
C) prostaglandin.
D) human chorionic gonadotropin.

Question 58

One of the leading causes of female infertility in young women is

A) age.
B) thyroid disease.
C) blocked fallopian tubes.
D) endometriosis.

Question 59

What percentage of the factors contributing to infertility is caused by the male?

A) 15%
B) 20%
C) 25%
D) 30%

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT a primary reason for male factor infertility?

A) age
B) congenital disorder
C) testicular disease
D) disorder of sperm transport

Question 61

Hegar's sign is

A) the purple colouration of the cervix.
B) the softening of the uterus near the cervix.
C) a home pregnancy test.
D) the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin.

Question 62

Which of the following is NOT an early sign of pregnancy?

A) nausea
B) fatigue
C) Braxton Hicks contractions
D) breast tenderness

Question 63

Which of the following statements best describes the function of the placenta?

A) The placenta connects the mother's and the baby's blood supplies.
B) The placenta is a two-way exchange of nutrients and waste materials between the mother and the fetus.
C) The placenta is a barrier that protects the developing baby from all harmful substances.
D) The placenta's only function is to carry nutrients and oxygen to the developing baby.

Question 64

Braxton Hicks contractions and lightening occur during

A) the first trimester.
B) the second trimester.
C) the third trimester.
D) labour.

Question 65

The stage of development between implantation through about the 8thweek after conception is known as a(n)

A) zygote.
B) embryo.
C) fetus.
D) neonate.

Question 66

The stage of prenatal development characterized by development of major body structures and organ systems is

A) the first trimester
B) the second trimester
C) the fetus
D) organogenesis

Question 67

The outer shell of the conglomerate of cells that embeds in the uterus becomes the

A) placenta.
B) embryo.
C) brain and spinal cord.
D) genitals.

Question 68

What percentage of women will experience symptoms of major depression?

A) 10%
B) 15%
C) 20%
D) 25%

Question 69

What is the average weight gain during pregnancy?

A) 5 kilograms
B) 10 kilograms
C) 12.5 kilograms
D) 15 kilograms

Question 70

During pregnancy, it would be unusual for the woman to

A) experience emotional changes.
B) not give thought to how the baby will affect her life.
C) have limited physical abilities.
D) fear change in her relationship with her partner.

Question 71

Which of the following occurs during the first trimester?

A) The heart begins to beat.
B) A layer of fat accumulates beneath the skin.
C) Fetal movement can be felt.
D) Hair grows on the fetus.

Question 72

The greatest degree of physical stress associated with pregnancy occurs

A) during the first trimester.
B) during the second trimester.
C) during the third trimester.
D) at different times depending on the age of the mother.

Question 73

The ___________ provides a two-way exchange of nutrients and waste materials between the mother and the fetus.

A) blastocyst
B) chorionic villi
C) embryo
D) placenta

Question 74

Four weeks after a woman misses her menstrual period, she would be about _____________ weeks pregnant.

A) 4
B) 6
C) 8
D) 10

Question 75

The conglomerate of cells that implants in the uterus and lays the foundation for the development of the placenta and the eventual development of the fetus is the

A) trophoblast.
B) zygote.
C) germ cell.
D) blastocyst.

Question 76

A key event occurring in the second week following fertilization is

A) the implantation of the blastocyst in the endometrium.
B) bones forming.
C) the heart beginning to beat.
D) the brain beginning to send out impulses.

Question 77

The inner cells of the blastocyst separate into three layers. These three layers become the

A) placenta.
B) embryo.
C) amniotic sac.
D) umbilical cord.

Question 78

The settling of the fetus into the pelvic cavity

A) occurs at the end of the first trimester.
B) is known as lightening.
C) is called quickening.
D) is an indicator of imminent delivery.

Question 79

Fetal development is directed by

A) genetic instructions.
B) the in vitro process.
C) alpha-fetoprotein codes.
D) chorionic gonadotropin.

Question 80

The blastocyst becomes an embryo about _____________ days after fertilization.

A) 2
B) 7
C) 14
D) 42