Deck 4: Diversity and Cultural Issues in Clinical Psychology

Question 1

According to Sue and Sue (2008), "______ is defined as the counselor's acquisition of awareness, knowledge, and skills needed to function effectively in a pluralistic democratic society."

A) multicultural counseling competence
B) evidence-based practice
C) empathy
D) unconditional positive regard

Answer 1

multicultural counseling competence

Question 2

Books such as Ethnicity and Family Therapy and journals such as Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology are examples of ______.

A) the overexpansion of the diversity movement in clinical psychology
B) fringe publications rarely referenced by practicing psychologists
C) publications related to the fourth force of clinical psychology
D) an increase in multicultural graduate training at the expense of clinical training

Answer 2

publications related to the fourth force of clinical psychology

Question 3

The ______ places importance on multiple perspectives, including those that recognize the uniqueness of each individual, as well as the similarities between each individual and other individuals.

A) tripartite model of personal identity
B) etic approach
C) behavioral approach
D) evidence-based psychotherapy movement

Answer 3

tripartite model of personal identity

Question 4

From 1990 to 2000, ______.

A) the Asian American/Pacific Islander population in the United States decreased slightly
B) the Latino/Latina/Hispanic population in the United States grew by about 50%
C) the African American population decreased significantly
D) the Caucasian population grew by about 60%

Question 5

Taijin kyofusho ______.

A) is an example of a specifier for major depressive disorder included in the most recent edition of the DSM
B) is experienced by members of Native American tribes
C) involves a preoccupation with death and the dead which brings on psychological symptoms
D) involves anxiously avoiding interpersonal situations due to fear that one's appearance, actions, or odor will offend others

Question 6

Psychology of Religion, the Society for the Psychological Study of Men and Masculinity, and the Society for the Psychology of Women are examples of ______.

A) APA divisions dedicated to cultural issues
B) organizations that offer graduate certificates in gender and religious studies
C) for-profit societies that are under investigation by the Better Business Bureau
D) online forums for discussion of multicultural topics

Question 7

"Although a cultural group may have a collective tendency, its individual members may vary greatly from that tendency." This statement best illustrates the ______ inherent in every culture.

A) homogeneity
B) heterogeneity
C) unidimensionality
D) bidimensionality

Question 8

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Currently, when the American Psychological Association considers accrediting a graduate program in psychology, there are criteria related to multiculturalism that must be met.
B) Although none have yet emerged, the American Psychological Association plans to introduce new divisions within its organization devoted to cultural issues such as gender, religion, sexual orientation, and ethnicity.
C) The APA ethical code instructs psychologists to work with cultural sensitivity and competence.
D) The Society for the Study of Ethnic Minority Issues is an APA division that illustrates clinical psychology's current focus on multicultural issues.

Question 9

In the ______ acculturation strategy, an individual rejects much of his new culture and retains much of his original culture.

A) assimilation
B) separation
C) marginalization
D) integration

Question 10

Maria recently immigrated from her hometown of Bowling Green, New York, to Mexico City, Mexico. Once in Mexico, Maria adopts much of her new nation's culture and abandons much of her original U.S. culture. Which acculturation strategy is Maria using?

A) assimilation
B) separation
C) marginalization
D) integration

Question 11

The etic perspective ______.

A) emphasizes similarities between all people
B) attaches great importance to differences between cultural groups
C) was less dominant in the early days of psychology than it is today
D) seeks to emphasize the differences among people

Question 12

Authors such as Pedersen (1990, 1999, 2008) have labeled ______ as the "fourth force" in the history of psychology.

A) multiculturalism
B) humanism
C) the prescription privileges movement
D) behaviorism

Question 13

There have been four major "forces" in the field of clinical psychology. Which of the following lists these forces in the correct historical order (from earliest to most recent)?

A) behaviorism, multiculturalism, humanism, psychoanalysis
B) multiculturalism, humanism, psychoanalysis, behaviorism
C) humanism, psychoanalysis, multiculturalism, behaviorism
D) psychoanalysis, behaviorism, humanism, multiculturalism

Question 14

Sutso ______.

A) is an example of a culture-bound syndrome described in the most recent edition of the DSM
B) involves anxiety and gastrointestinal problems related to hexing or witchcraft by another person
C) is found almost exclusively in Australia
D) involves one person "sending" psychological problems to another

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE?

A) The current edition of the APA ethical code includes no reference to issues of multiculturalism.
B) Currently, APA includes divisions devoted to issues of ethnicity and religion, but no divisions devoted to issues of gender or sexual orientation.
C) DSM-5 includes key aspects of culture relevant to diagnosis and assessment.
D) Currently, APA includes divisions devoted to issues of gender and sexual orientation, but not divisions devoted to issues of ethnicity or religion.

Question 16

In 2016, the number of immigrants in the United States represented about ______ of the U.S. population.

A) 2%
B) 5%
C) 13%
D) 20%

Question 17

The current edition of the DSM includes a glossary listing ______, which represent psychological problems observed in groups from various parts of the world.

A) diversity directives
B) multicultural considerations
C) cultural concepts of distress
D) culture-bound syndromes

Question 18

The ______ perspective recognizes and emphasizes culturally specific norms and considers a client's behaviors, thoughts, and feelings within the context of that client's culture.

A) etic
B) emic
C) behavioral
D) individual

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE?

A) It is generally unacceptable practice for a clinical psychologist to openly and directly acknowledge cultural differences with a client.
B) It is generally acceptable practice for a clinical psychologist to begin treating a culturally dissimilar client with no knowledge of that client's culture, and to require a client to explain all culturally relevant information to the clinical psychologist.
C) Most research suggests that cultural self-awareness on the part of a clinical psychologist does little to improve treatment effectiveness.
D) Cultural self-awareness is generally important for all psychologists, regardless of their own cultural backgrounds.

Question 20

Maladi moun ______.

A) is an example of a culture-bound syndrome described in the most recent edition of the DSM
B) involves anxiety and gastrointestinal problems related to hexing or witchcraft by another person
C) is found almost exclusively in Australia
D) involves anxiously avoiding interpersonal situations due to fear that one's appearance, actions, or odor will offend others

Question 21

______ is the way a person responds to living in a new cultural environment, particularly regarding the balance between adopting elements of the new culture and retaining elements of the original culture.

A) Microaggression
B) Integration
C) Acculturation
D) Heterogeneity

Question 22

Explain the difference between the four different acculturation strategies: assimilation, separation, marginalization, and integration.

Question 23

______ is when an individual entering a new culture adopts much of the new culture and abandons much of his or her original culture.

Question 24

Which of the following lists the major "forces" in psychology?

A) psychoanalysis, behaviorism, humanism, and multiculturalism
B) DBT, CBT, IRB, and ADA
C) primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary
D) independent, dual, group, and universal

Question 25

Name two principles or standards from the APA's (2002) Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct that address multiculturalism.

Question 26

Which of the following is TRUE?

A) No single "best method" has emerged for training clinical psychologists to be culturally competent.
B) In-class discussion of one's own cultural background has emerged as the "best method" for training clinical psychologists to be culturally competent.
C) Conducting psychotherapy (under supervision) with members of varied cultures has emerged as the "best method" for training clinical psychologists to be culturally competent.
D) Requiring clinical psychology graduate students to publicly proclaim a commitment to diversity has emerged as the "best method" for training culturally competent clinicians.

Question 27

What are the four acculturation strategies?

Question 28

To modify a treatment with empirical support for a specific cultural group is called ______.

Question 29

What are the three levels of the tripartite model of personality identity?

A) individual, group, and universal
B) primary, secondary, and tertiary
C) narrow, moderate, and wide
D) singular, plural, and multifaceted

Question 30

What are the three levels of the tripartite model of personal identity?

Question 31

Briefly explain how the height of basketball star Yao Ming illustrates the concept of heterogeneity within a culture.

Question 32

Modifying psychological treatments that work for members of diverse cultures is known as ______.

A) rebounding
B) cultural channeling
C) ethnic facilitation
D) cultural adaptation

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT a recent professional effort to emphasize issues of culture that was discussed in the textbook?

A) creation of journals that focus on cultural issues
B) implementation of a standardized diversity training program required for psychologists to maintain their licenses
C) publication of books that focus on cultural issues
D) modification of the APA ethical code to include discussion of multicultural issues

Question 34

______ is when an individual entering a new culture adopts much of the new culture and retains much of their original culture.

Question 35

The American Psychological Association has created divisions addressing all of the following areas of diversity EXCEPT ______.

A) women
B) religion
C) ethnic minorities
D) sightedness

Question 36

______ is the term used to describe the variability of members within a cultural group.

Question 37

Culture shapes the way that a client understands the problem for which they are seeking treatment. What questions does Comas-Díaz (2011a) recommend be asked of new client to assess their understanding of their own psychological problem? List at least three questions.

Question 38

Regardless of the methods used to train clinical psychologists to be culturally competent, an essential ingredient is that the trainee ______.

A) reaches a deeper appreciation of his or her own cultural identity
B) reads detailed descriptions of a variety of cultural groups in the form of professional books or peer-reviewed articles
C) enrolls in courses taught by faculty members whose cultural background is different from that of the trainee
D) conducts research with participants from culturally diverse backgrounds

Question 39

The ______ perspective emphasizes the similarities between all people, while the ______ perspective emphasizes cultural-specific norms.

Question 40

______ is the acculturation strategy in which the individual rejects both his new and his original cultures.

A) Assimilation
B) Separation
C) Marginalization
D) Integration

Question 41

Briefly describe the three levels of the tripartite model of personal identity.