Deck 7: Long-Term Memory Systems

Question 1

Reber et al. (1996) found that, similar to healthy controls, amnesics learned to use probabilistic cues to classify which of the following:

A) Current famous/non-famous faces
B) Perceived weight
C) Autobiographical memories
D) Expected utility
E) The weather

Answer 1

The weather

Question 2

In which of the following tasks are participants asked to press the key closest to a visual target appearing at one of four horizontal locations, often dictated by an underlying sequence that is repeated?

A) Serial position task
B) Serial recall task
C) WADA test
D) Serial reaction time task
E) Dot-probe task

Answer 2

Serial reaction time task

Question 3

Doyon et al. (2018) discovered that early learning mainly involved which regions?

A) Prefrontal, hippocampus, primary motor cortex
B) Basal ganglia, temporal cortices and premotor cortex
C) Striatal regions, prefrontal and premotor cortices
D) Striatal, prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia
E) Striatal regions, red nucleus and basal ganglia

Answer 3

Striatal regions, prefrontal and premotor cortices

Question 4

Semantic dementia always involves the degeneration of which region of the brain?

A) Frontal lobe
B) Anterior temporal lobe
C) Right hippocampus
D) Right posterior temporal lobe
E) Ventromedial frontal cortex

Question 5

The task in which participants indicate subjectively whether their positive recognition decisions were based on recollection of contextual information (remember responses) or solely on familiarity (know responses) is known as the:

A) Process dissociation procedure
B) Response deadline procedure
C) Implicit association test
D) Serial reaction time task
E) Remember/know procedure

Question 6

Tasks such as word-completion have been used to test:

A) Episodic memory
B) Autobiographical memory
C) Implicit memory
D) Procedural memory
E) Context-dependent memory

Question 7

Episodic and semantic memory have often been regarded as two forms of:

A) Explicit memory
B) Self memory
C) Declarative memory
D) Procedural memory
E) Perceptual memory

Question 8

Chronic alcoholics may suffer damage to the diencephalon as a result of a thiamine deficiency, and they commonly develop which syndrome?

A) Alzheimer's
B) Huntington's
C) Korsakoff's
D) Parkinson's
E) Urbach-Wiethe

Question 9

The finding that participants can decide faster whether an object is living or non-living, provided that they've seen it recently, is an example of:

A) Perceptual priming
B) Repetition priming
C) Reduplicative priming
D) Conceptual priming
E) Negative priming

Question 10

Research on HM led to an exaggerated emphasis on the role of:

A) Cerebellum
B) Medial temporal lobe
C) Prefrontal cortex
D) Hippocampus
E) Parahippocampus

Question 11

According to Vargha-Khadem et al. (1997), semantic memory depends, in part, on which of the following structures?

A) Hippocampus
B) Hypothalamus
C) Amygdala
D) Entorhinal cortex, perirhinal cortex and parahippocampal cortices
E) Pons

Question 12

Which psychologist is credited with coining the terms "episodic" and "semantic" to refer to two distinct types of memory?

A) Baddeley
B) Mulligan
C) Schacter
D) Squire
E) Tulving

Question 13

All of the following were identified by Foerde and Poldrack (2009) as types of procedural learning EXCEPT:

A) Cued associative recall
B) Mirror reading
C) Sequence learning
D) Mirror tracing
E) Artificial grammar learning

Question 14

According to Schacter et al.'s (2000) definition, learning to ride a bike is best classified as an example of what type of memory:

A) Procedural
B) Rote
C) Explicit
D) Episodic
E) Echoic

Question 15

The version of grounded cognition advocated by Barsalou (2009) focuses on the role of what in cognition?

A) Modality-specific nodes
B) Logical inference
C) Feedforward mechanisms
D) Situated simulation
E) Serial processing

Question 16

According to Collins and Loftus (1975), semantic memory is organised in terms of:

A) Hierarchical refinement
B) Semantic distance between concepts
C) Semantic organisation
D) Bottom-up processing
E) Related semantics

Question 17

Stimulus processing occurs faster and/or more easily on the second and successive presentations of a stimulus, a finding which is referred to as what?

A) Habituation
B) Sensory adaptation
C) Remote learning
D) Repetition priming
E) Inhibition of return

Question 18

Distance between concepts in the spreading activation theory represents:

A) Relatedness
B) Asymmetry
C) Imageability
D) Word length
E) Word frequency

Question 19

The perceptual fluency view would predict that repeated presentations should yield which of the following:

A) Declarative memory
B) Greater demands on the central executive
C) Reduced levels of brain activity
D) More controlled processes
E) Negative priming on behavioural measures

Question 20

Patterson et al. (2007) referred to the unified conceptual representations in their favoured theory as:

A) Modality-specific nodes
B) Modules
C) Object attributions
D) Hubs
E) Amodal distributions

Question 21

Scalici et al. (2017) reviewed research on the involvement of the prefrontal cortex in familiarity and recollection. Which kind of activity was greater in the ventromedial and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex?

A) Recognition
B) Recollection
C) Remember
D) Familiarity
E) Knowing

Question 22

Kenett et al. (2017) found what predicted performance on various episodic-memory tasks?

A) Semantic categorisation
B) Holistics
C) Heuristics
D) Cues
E) Semantic distance

Question 23

According to Schacter and Tulving (1994), how many memory systems are there?

A) One
B) Four
C) Six
D) Three
E) Nine