Deck 22: Shadows Over the Pacific: East Asia Under Challenge

Question 1

Which of the following factors did not contribute to the fall of the Manchu Dynasty?

A) Discreet Japanese economic pressure.
B) Pressures placed upon it by Western imperialism.
C) Its growing inability to control Chinese society.
D) Constant Chinese population growth.
E) Pressures brought about by internal corruption and revolt.

Answer 1

Discreet Japanese economic pressure.

Question 2

Which Chinese product became increasingly popular in Britain in the 1800s?

A) Silk
B) Opium
C) Spices
D) Tea
E) Bamboo

Answer 2

Tea

Question 3

Hong Xiuquan

A) was the Christian leader of the Taiping Rebellion.
B) was a retired houseboy who became emperor in 1855.
C) was angered by government expenditures to widen and deepen the Grand Canal.
D) supported the Qing during the Taiping Rebellion.
E) received overwhelming and continuous support from the West.

Answer 3

was the Christian leader of the Taiping Rebellion.

Question 4

The Taiping Rebellion

A) began in Tibet, and was "created" by Russia.
B) began in Vietnam and spread only into north China.
C) was crushed by a "blended" army of British, French and United States troops.
D) separated Taiwan from Japanese control.
E) peaked with the rebel capture of the city of Nanjing.

Question 5

To bring an end to the opium trade, China

A) threatened to declare war on Great Britain.
B) appealed to Queen Elizabeth to end British imports of opium into China.
C) imposed penalties on opium users and arrested dealers.
D) banned all other imported goods from countries that sold opium in China.
E) offered cash incentives to its people to stop using and selling opium.

Question 6

The Taiping Rebellion stemmed from

A) Chinese resentment of British imperial policies.
B) the Chinese ruling class, who sought for governmental change.
C) an increased missionary push in China that caused many peasants to convert to Christianity.
D) the lack of support for Chinese peasants in the aftermath of the Opium War.
E) the poor living conditions of peasants who faced little governmental help.

Question 7

The Meiji Constitution vested authority in the

A) legislative branch.
B) executive branch.
C) imperial ruler.
D) a combination of the legislative and executive branches.
E) common people.

Question 8

What did the policy of self-strengthening advocate?

A) Building up China's army against Western imperialists.
B) Developing a universal educational system built on Western ideals.
C) Adopting Western technology but maintaining Confucian institutions.
D) Focusing on Chinese philosophy and engineering as the solution to political strength.
E) Allowing Western thought to be adapted to strengthen Chinese advancements.

Question 9

To try to increase trade profits in China, the British

A) seized Taiwan as their first Chinese "colony" in 1827.
B) had Lords Macartney and Amherst successfully negotiate broadened British trading rights with the Chinese.
C) invaded China in 1816 and took control of all south China seaports.
D) shipped large amounts of opium into China at a massive profit.
E) replaced the Chinese imperial government with a pro-Western democratic government.

Question 10

Lord Macartney's trip to Beijing in 1793

A) resulted in his being refused permission to go to the capital.
B) created a scandal because Macartney tried to sell opium to local businessmen.
C) was the primary action leading to the fall of the Qing.
D) failed, as the Chinese government did not want additional trade with Britain.
E) succeeded in obtaining Hong Kong for Great Britain.

Question 11

Reforms made by the Qing dynasty after the Boxer Rebellion alienated which groups?

A) Peasants and artisans, who faced eroding living conditions due to rising taxes.
B) Merchants and professionals, who saw increased restrictions on trade with little return.
C) Members of the aristocracy, who resented their privileges being stripped away.
D) Conservatives, who did not see reform as the means to shore up the dynasty.
E) Western powers, who saw the reforms as a threat to the benefits they enjoyed.

Question 12

Why was the Treaty of Tianjin considered humiliating for the Chinese?

A) It allowed Japan to take over Korea.
B) It made the Chinese opium trade legal.
C) It closed all Chinese ports to foreign trade.
D) It gave the British the Liaodong Peninsula in 1875.
E) It deprived the Russians of any control in northern China.

Question 13

In 1894, the Qing went to war with Japan over

A) Tibet.
B) Korea.
C) Vietnam.
D) Laos.
E) Siberia.

Question 14

How did a Western presence in China accelerate the development of the Chinese economy?

A) It introduced new products that the Chinese were then able to develop for export.
B) It imported a number of goods that helped the lagging Chinese economy to pick up steam again.
C) It introduced the philosophy of capitalism, which helped China reform its markets.
D) It steadily integrated the Chinese market into the nineteenth-century global economy.
E) It introduced industrialized agriculture that helped solve the problem of increased population.

Question 15

In the late nineteenth century, the Qing lost control over its empire due to all of these events EXCEPT

A) Japan defeated China in a war over Korea in the 1890s.
B) the Russians transferred territories north of the Amur River in Siberia to China.
C) the Tibetans revived their local autonomy.
D) the British and the French removed Burma and Vietnam from their traditional relationship to the Manchu court.
E) the Chinese lost Taiwan to Japan.

Question 16

The so-called "barren rock" which Great Britain gained as a result of the Opium War was

A) Port Arthur.
B) Shanghai.
C) Hong Kong.
D) Bejing.
E) Nanking.

Question 17

The "spheres of influence"

A) were set up in Korea and Annam to enhance Chinese power in both areas.
B) were first created when the United States gained control of the island of Chusan in 1848.
C) Were first created when the United States gained control of the island of Chusan in 1848.
D) gave foreign governments and merchants exclusive economic privileges in specific regions of China.
E) in fact, never developed in China but did in Korea.

Question 18

What accurately characterizes the nature of the Opium War?

A) It was begun, and won, by China.
B) The Chinese began hostilities as the only means available to them to stop the opium trade of the British.
C) Philippine smugglers used the war to monopolize the Chinese opium trade.
D) The British used Chinese objection to opium importation as a pretext to unilaterally invade China and forcibly open it to Western trade.
E) The war was a competitive confrontation between the Western colonialist nations to determine which would be the most successful at flooding China with opium.

Question 19

Which of the following was not an obstacle in China embarking on a Western path to industrialization?

A) External pressures from the West were stronger than the internal unity of Chinese politics.
B) Industrial production still relied on traditional methods.
C) Coastal routes faced increasing competition from foreign shipping.
D) A lack of importation of Western technology.
E) Efforts to imitate Western methods of manufacturing and industry were inefficient and mismanaged.

Question 20

The Treaty of Nanjing included all of the following provisions EXCEPT

A) Hong Kong was transferred to British control.
B) the British agreed to stop exporting opium to China.
C) the British gained the right to begin trading in five Chinese ports.
D) British citizens in China were granted extraterritorial rights.
E) the British were to be paid an indemnity to cover the cost of the Opium War.

Question 21

In what way did Japanese women play a role in Japan's efforts to modernize?

A) Young women were expected to work for at least a few years before getting married.
B) They became indispensable parts of business modernization and growth.
C) Women became a part of governmental policies to adapt new technologies.
D) Rural women raised families while men moved to cities for factory work.
E) Young girls were sent to work in textile mills.

Question 22

Sun Yat-sen

A) was imprisoned for robbery in Burma when the 1911 Revolution broke out.
B) had been the secret leader of the Boxer Rebellion.
C) supported the Qing but demanded more representative government for China.
D) created the Tongmenghui/Revolutionary Alliance.
E) became the first president of the Chinese Republic after the 1911 rebellion.

Question 23

The Open Door Policy

A) was initiated by the German government.
B) formally terminated the spheres of influence in China.
C) increased Western control over tariffs and quotas within each sphere of influence.
D) served to calm the increasingly frantic pace of Western imperialism in China.
E) was initiated by the United States as an altruistic effort to preserve Chinese independence.

Question 24

In a response to the reforms initiated by Emperor Guangxu,

A) conservatives turned against him.
B) Cixi ousted him from the throne.
C) his aunt ordered that he be banished.
D) conservatives implemented the Hundred Days of Reform program.
E) democracy took root in China.

Question 25

Footbinding in China

A) was practiced only among upper class women who did not perform manual labors.
B) symbolized the status of women as useless sex objects.
C) was abolished by the late 19^th century.
D) prevented women from performing manual labor.
E) was a sign of religious piety.

Question 26

With an aroused concern over the emergence of Japanese imperialist power in 1894, the European powers forced the Japanese to

A) assume responsibility for the Philippine islands.
B) give up the Shandong Peninsula to Russia.
C) give up Canton and also Macao.
D) give up their land in eastern Siberia.
E) return the Liaodong Peninsula to China.

Question 27

When Germany acquired territories in the Shandong Peninsula,

A) the United States immediately made claims to acquire its own Chinese territories.
B) Russia was able to acquire Burma.
C) the Chinese government declined to issue new reforms, fearing further erosion of governmental control.
D) Russia pursued an Open Door policy in China.
E) it was obvious that the dismemberment of China was impossible.

Question 28

The Chinese revolution of 1911

A) was the first successful Marxist revolution in history.
B) left a power vacuum in the country due to the collapse of the Manchu Dynasty.
C) was the event that gave reformers the power they needed to immediately establish democracy.
D) was seen by the West as their greatest achievement.
E) was similar to the French Revolution in that soon a Committee of Public Safety ruled China.

Question 29

All of the following about the Empress Dowager Cixi are correct except that she

A) ruled as Chinese regent for two decades.
B) placed her nephew on the throne and then imprisoned him in a palace coup.
C) had once been an imperial concubine.
D) opposed radical attempts to bring about Chinese reform.
E) abandoned her Manchu connections and adopted western democracy reforms.

Question 30

What was the punishment imposed on China by foreigners for the Boxer Rebellion?

A) Manchu leader, Sun Yat-sen, was forced to abdicate.
B) Foreign governments insisted that the Manchus institute repression throughout China.
C) Foreign governments took control of much of China, claiming its territories as their own.
D) The Chinese government was forced to pay heavy fines and watch as foreign troops destroyed temples.
E) Government buildings were burned to the ground.

Question 31

A new round of Western territorial demands in China was sparked by the successful 1897 German acquisition of much of the

A) island of Sri Lanka.
B) Shandong Peninsula.
C) Liaodong Peninsula.
D) Korean Peninsula.
E) Weihaiwei Peninsula.

Question 32

When it came to establishing democracy in China, Sun believed that his country

A) must first expel foreign missionaries and businessmen.
B) would never embrace democracy.
C) would not be ready until they went through some preparation and training first.
D) would accept only minor aspects of democracy.
E) was far too large and agricultural to make democracy possible.

Question 33

Sun's plan for revolution in China called for the overthrow of the Manchu Dynasty, beginning with

A) expulsion of foreign missionaries and businessmen.
B) Writing the guidelines for a constitutional democracy.
C) a military takeover of China.
D) execution of anyone opposing the revolution.
E) ouster of all foreigners from China.

Question 34

China's "last emperor" was

A) Mao Zedong.
B) Guangxu.
C) Kuang Hsu.
D) Puyi.
E) Yuan Shikai.

Question 35

The Sino-Japanese War

A) marked the acceptance of Western-style imperialism by China when it took Korea from Japan.
B) began as each country tried to keep the other from taking over Tibet.
C) became a two-power conflict when Russia refused to honor its alliance with Japan.
D) culminated in the Treaty of Harbin, which saw China gain the island of Hokkaido.
E) forced China to cede Taiwan and the Liaodong peninsula to Japan.

Question 36

The medical doctor who formed the Revive China Society was

A) Cixi.
B) Kang Youwei.
C) Sun Yat-sen.
D) Chiang Kai-shek.
E) Quai Ban-le.

Question 37

Empress Dowager Cixi

A) was sensitive to the needs of the people.
B) placed her son on the throne and then imprisoned him in a palace coup.
C) was a champion of democratic reforms.
D) initially opposed reform but later supported some reforms, including the civil service examination.
E) abandoned her Manchu connections and adopted western democracy reforms.

Question 38

The United States Secretary of State who proposed the Open Door Policy was

A) Robert LaFollette.
B) John Marshall.
C) Richard Olney.
D) John Hay.
E) Theodore Roosevelt.

Question 39

The Boxer Rebellion

A) was roundly denounced by the Chinese government and was plagued by factionalism.
B) was an uprising against foreigners by a Chinese secret society opposed to foreign imperialism.
C) was a reaction to the invasion of southwest China by Thai guerrilla troops.
D) successfully occupied Beijing, murdering all of the non-Chinese inhabitants.
E) led to the successful reoccupation of Taiwan by China.

Question 40

Which statement is FALSE about China at the end of the nineteenth century?

A) Industrial production was on the rise, although it was still based largely on traditional methods.
B) The transportation system was chaotic.
C) The rapidly increasing population resulted in smaller plots of land for the peasants.
D) The Qing had finally succeeded in uniting all Chinese behind the regime.
E) China was still locked into the traditional mindset that glorified the virtues of an agrarian society and discouraged commercial activity.

Question 41

Under Meiji rule, important new growth industries proved to be

A) sake, rice, and grain.
B) armaments and shipbuilding, and sake.
C) silk, cattle, and paper.
D) iron, silk, and tea.
E) cotton, silk, and rice.

Question 42

The new policies of the Meiji Restoration included

A) restoring of the hereditary privileges of the daimyo.
B) retaining the traditional warrior class system.
C) confiscating of the lands controlled by the daimyo.
D) exiling the samurai.
E) exterminating of the samurai with "assisted seppuku."

Question 43

During the Meiji era,

A) many peasants gained land for the first time.
B) the government sought new and extensive sources of foreign investment.
C) Western practices became very unpopular.
D) universal democracy was adopted.
E) Japan's industrial sector began to grow.

Question 44

Which of these was NOT a Meiji economic policy?

A) A graduated and progressive income tax
B) A new land tax
C) Industrial subsidies
D) Improved systems of transportation and communication
E) Laissez-faire government policies

Question 45

The United States president and the admiral he sent to Japan were, respectively,

A) Zachary Taylor and David Farragut.
B) Franklin Pierce and John Paul Jones.
C) Millard Fillmore and David Jones.
D) Millard Fillmore and Matthew Perry.
E) James Buchanan and Abner Doubleday.

Question 46

The Meiji Restoration

A) was a true revolution, in which the existing ruling class was replaced by a new ruling class.
B) was similar to the French Revolution because of the considerable violence involved.
C) granted women full equality with men.
D) was in many ways a revolution from above.
E) failed as the shogunate was quickly restored.

Question 47

The Russo-Japanese War

A) was initiated by a Japanese surprise attack on the Russian naval base at Port Arthur.
B) rekindled Russian pride in its military-structure and leadership after Russia had won.
C) was the third phase of the Sino-Japanese War.
D) ended with mediation by President Woodrow Wilson
E) had little impact upon Western governments and public opinion.

Question 48

The Tokugawa regime in Japan maintained formal diplomatic relations only with

A) the Dutch Republic.
B) Korea.
C) Vietnam.
D) China.
E) Cambodia.

Question 49

The new leaders of the Meiji regime

A) sought to eliminate all Western influence from their country.
B) denied key administrative posts to modernizing samurai from the Sat-Cho group.
C) planned to create a modern political system based on the Western model.
D) celebrated the role of the samurai in past and future society.
E) gave the emperor absolute power inasmuch as he was a divine descendent of the Sun Goddess.

Question 50

All of the following were true about the "Sat-Cho" alliance except that it

A) was militarily "punished" for firing on foreign shipping.
B) Was against the Japanese opening to the West.
C) produced a rebellion that ended the shogunate and brought about the Meiji Restoration.
D) became more willing to trade after Western ships destroyed Choshu fortifications.
E) had a strong military tradition.

Question 51

After the fall of the shogunate, the

A) hereditary rights of the daimyo were strengthened.
B) the mass of the rural population was transformed from indentured serfs into yeoman farmers.
C) samurai quickly became impoverished.
D) emperor now actually guided governmental activities, in sharp contrast to the status of his predecessors under the Tokugawa regime.
E) last Tokugawa shogun became the permanent Prime Minister.

Question 52

In the Treaty of Shimonoseki, the Japanese obtained all EXCEPT

A) Taiwan.
B) the Liaodong Peninsula.
C) Port Arthur.
D) greater international prestige.
E) Beijing's Forbidden City.

Question 53

The capital under the Meiji Restoration was moved from

A) Kyoto to Sapporo.
B) Osaka to Shimonoseki.
C) Tokyo to Nagasaki.
D) Kyoto to Tokyo.
E) Saigon to Wuhan.

Question 54

As silver and copper mines in Asia became exhausted during the eighteenth century, what policy did the bakufu in Japan adopt?

A) A more open-door policy, seeking other countries with similar mines.
B) A policy of seeking increased trade with Asian countries to finance its silk imports..
C) One that cut out the need for goods that had been previously imported.
D) A more closed policy that encouraged the domestic production of goods that had been previously imported.
E) One that increasingly relied on Korea to provide the means for significant imports.

Question 55

The new modernizing policies of the Meiji Restoration included the

A) restoration of the hereditary privileges of the daimyo.
B) retained the traditional warrior class system.
C) end of hereditary privileges and land titles for the daimyo.
D) exile of the samurai.
E) extermination of the samurai with "assisted seppuku."

Question 56

The treaty of 1858 signed by U.S. consul Townsend Harris and the Japanese accomplished all of the following except

A) increasing the number of Japanese ports in which the Americans could trade and live.
B) providing for the exchange of ministers between the two nations.
C) giving privileges of extraterritoriality to Americans living in Japan.
D) restricting the American presence in Japan to the port of Nagasaki.
E) effectively ending Japan's diplomatic isolation.

Question 57

Japanese imperialism

A) enabled Japan to acquire colonial territory in Africa only in 1911.
B) significantly strengthened the myth of European imperialist invincibility with its defeat by Russia in 1905.
C) led to an agreement in which Japan accepted United States control over the Philippines in return for the latter's recognition of Japanese annexation of Korea.
D) suffered a defeat in its attempt to take over Korea.
E) was rebuffed by China in the Sino-Japanese War.

Question 58

The Progressive constitution adopted by the Japanese in 1890, with authority placed in the executive branch of the government, was modeled on the government of

A) China.
B) Germany.
C) Great Britain.
D) Russia.
E) the United States.

Question 59

By 1900, China had changed dramatically from the way it was one hundred years earlier, due mainly to

A) the end of the Opium War.
B) renewed interest in Confucianism.
C) the implementation of civil service examinations for public sector positions.
D) the growth of the manufacturing sector.
E) the decline of Confucian education and the rise of Western-style education.

Question 60

The Japanese opening to the West resulted from

A) the naval expeditions of Commodore Perry.
B) the diplomatic efforts of Lord Amherst.
C) the aftermath of the Plague of 1853.
D) the vote of a two-thirds majority in the Diet.
E) a collective decision by the pirates of Satsuma and the daimyo of Osaka.

Question 61

Japan's Charter Oath - one of its reform measures -- promised to enlist the political involvement of only the best and brightest members of the public.

Question 62

Hong Xiuquan claimed to be the younger brother of Jesus Christ.

Question 63

Thanks to the efforts of women in the Japanese labor force, Japan became the leading exporter of silk.

Question 64

In 1906, the Chinese government abolished the civil service examinations.

Question 65

The policy of self-strengthening advocated using Western technology but maintaining Confucian principles.

Question 66

Whose goal was to establish a "Heavenly Kingdom of Supreme Peace"?

A) Guangu
B) Emperor Kangxi
C) Lin Zexu
D) Hong Xiiuquan
E) Empress Dowager Cixi

Question 67

Footbinding in China was practiced exclusively among upper-class women who did not have to perform physical labor.

Question 68

After 1905, schools for girls opened widely across China.

Question 69

Which of the following does not represent a sign of changing times in China for women?

A) Increase of educational opportunities for women and girls.
B) The government took steps to discourage the practice of foot binding.
C) Women working in factories in Shanghai.
D) They participated in political rebellions.
E) Women were given an increased opportunity for political power.

Question 70

The Qing dynasty's weakness in the nineteenth century allowed Russia to force the cession of territories north of Siberia's Amur River.

Question 71

In the 1890s, the Boxers expelled the Russians and the Germans from the Liaodong and Shandong peninsulas, but failed to drive Britain from Hong Kong.

Question 72

While industrial production in China was on the rise in the nineteenth century, it was still almost entirely based on traditional methods.

Question 73

The Meiji shogunate embraced traditional Japanese values and eschewed reform.

Question 74

Japanese industrial development in the late nineteenth century was accomplished without significant government involvement.

Question 75

In 1800, the Qing or Manchu dynasty was at the lowest point of its power.

Question 76

In 1868, the Meiji shogunate replaced the long ruling Tokugawa shogunate.

Question 77

In spite of the democratic form of Japan's Constitution of 1890, the nation remained under the control of a ruling oligarchy.

Question 78

Historians believe that Japanese success can be credited on some level to luck.