Deck 10: Identity Perspectives on Globalization: Development and Environment

Question 1

What tradition are "Asian values" built on?

A) Protestant Christianity
B) Confucianism
C) Islam
D) Maoism

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is true about development?

A) It involves the movement, over generations, of the bulk of jobs from agriculture to manufacturing and service industries.
B) The least developed countries have most of their populations employed in manufacturing.
C) The least advanced countries have completed the transition from manufacturing to services and have entered the information age.
D) Technological change does not influence development.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following terms refers to the provision of small loans to individuals in developing states (especially women)?

A) informal investment
B) microfinancing
C) crony capitalism
D) human development

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following Asian states was the only one to never be colonized or occupied?

A) Japan
B) The Philippines
C) Thailand
D) India

Question 5

Which perspective would most likely emphasize U.S. neocolonialism and intervention as drivers of change in Latin America?

A) the realist perspective
B) the liberal perspective
C) the identity perspective
D) the critical theory perspective

Question 6

In asking why colonialism did not handicap Asian states as much as states in other regions (like Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa), the identity perspective would most likely point to which of the following factors?

A) Asia was farther away from Western states.
B) Asia (especially Taiwan and South Korea) benefited more from American support during the Cold War.
C) Asia is more central to commerce and shipping.
D) Asia has a more unified regional culture (based on Confucianism).

Question 7

According to the identity perspective, which of the following shape the likelihood of conflict or cooperation?

A) relative gains
B) absolute gains
C) mutual or collective gains
D) separate or common values

Question 8

Development in Latin America was predominantly driven by which of the following policies?

A) export-led development
B) import substitution
C) crony capitalism
D) laissez-faire capitalism

Question 9

Which of the following is true about development?

A) It involves the movement, over generations, of the bulk of jobs from manufacturing to agriculture and service industries.
B) The least developed countries have most of their populations employed in manufacturing.
C) The most advanced countries have completed the transition from manufacturing to services and have entered the information age.
D) Agricultural change influences development.

Question 10

Which of the following describes the macroeconomic policies of the eight states that drove the East Asian Miracle?

A) The policies involved high fiscal deficits, high inflation, and low savings.
B) The policies involved low fiscal deficits, low inflation, and high savings.
C) The policies involved high fiscal deficits, low inflation, and high savings.
D) The policies involved low fiscal deficits, high inflation, and low savings.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is true about India?

A) It is not the largest and poorest democracy in the world.
B) It has no nuclear weapons.
C) It has border disputes with Pakistan and China.
D) It is currently ruled by a military junta.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true about India?

A) It is the largest and poorest democracy in the world.
B) It has no nuclear weapons.
C) It has border disputes with Tajikistan and China.
D) It is currently ruled by a military junta.

Question 13

What are rent-seekers?

A) migrants from rural areas who cannot find housing in urban areas
B) firms that seek to extract monopoly rents by producing at low costs and selling at high prices
C) usually poor residents in rural areas who demand land reform
D) firms that use the government to extract savings from rural areas to fund production

Question 14

The East Asian Miracle refers to which of the following?

A) a period of democratization between 1965 and 2010
B) a period of unprecedented economic growth and development from 1965 to 2010
C) East Asian states' ability to weather the economic crisis that began in 2008
D) the resiliency of the states to rebound economically after the 1997 Asian financial crisis

Question 15

Which of the following terms refers to money moving out of a local currency and country?

A) liquidity
B) financial repression
C) offshoring
D) capital flight

Question 16

Aung San Suu Kyi is the leader of the democratic opposition in ________.

A) Myanmar
B) Vietnam
C) Laos
D) Indonesia

Question 17

The United States originally declared the Western Hemisphere to be an American sphere of influence under which of the following policies?

A) Manifest Destiny
B) the Monroe Doctrine
C) the Dayton Accords
D) the Truman Doctrine

Question 18

Which of the following is true about development?

A) It involves the movement, over generations, of the bulk of jobs from manufacturing and service to agriculture industries.
B) The least developed countries have most of their populations employed in manufacturing.
C) The least advanced countries have completed the transition from manufacturing to services and have entered the information age.
D) Technological change influences development.

Question 19

Which of the following statements is true about India?

A) It is the densest and poorest democracy in the world.
B) It has nuclear weapons.
C) It has border disputes with Tajikistan and China.
D) It is currently ruled by a military junta.

Question 20

Since World War II, which of the following areas has been the most successful developing region?

A) Latin America
B) Asia
C) Sub-Saharan Africa
D) Middle East and North Africa

Question 21

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which two states originally formed the free-trade community Mercosur in 1991?

A) Peru
B) Venezuela
C) Brazil
D) Argentina

Question 22

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following factors impede access of countries in sub-Saharan Africa to world markets?

A) indigenous divisions within countries
B) barriers to crossing national boundaries
C) local government policies that discriminate against agriculture
D) policies of industrialized countries

Question 23

Development refers to the process of material, institutional, and human progress in a particular state or region.

Question 24

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. In the late 1980s, Latin American states adopted which of the following policies?

A) They accommodated inflation.
B) They liberalized domestic markets.
C) They opened trade and financial ties with foreign firms.
D) They put in place import substitution policies.

Question 25

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Africa was completely colonized except for which two states?

A) Libya
B) Ethiopia
C) Liberia
D) Nigeria

Question 26

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which levels of analysis describes the identity argument that Asian values encourage competent bureaucracies, but de-emphasize individualism?

A) the individual level of analysis
B) the domestic level of analysis
C) the foreign policy level of analysis
D) the systemic level of analysis

Question 27

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following are forms of pollution that affect Earth's outermost layers of atmosphere?

A) destruction of the ozone layer
B) smog and acid rain
C) river and ocean pollution
D) contamination with greenhouse gases

Question 28

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following sectors was targeted by microeconomic policies in the eight states that drove the East Asian Miracle?

A) land reform
B) small- and medium-sized enterprises
C) primary education, housing, and health services
D) sound fiscal policy

Question 29

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following factors contributed to the lost decade in Latin America?

A) oil crises
B) low inflation
C) high debt
D) bureaucracy

Question 30

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following are true about the AIDS epidemic in Africa?

A) Over half of the 25 million people living with AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa are women.
B) Infection by HIV has decreased by 25 percent in about half the countries in sub-Saharan Africa between 2000 and 2009.
C) Sub-Saharan Africa has easily dealt with obstacles to treating AIDS, including the development of AIDS education programs.
D) A key obstacle in combating AIDS is difficulty in catching the disease early on in high-risk populations.

Question 31

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following reforms did Mexico undertake to liberalize its economy?

A) It reduced tariffs and integrated markets with Canada and the U.S. via NAFTA.
B) It established a Ministry of Commerce and Industry to oversee the economy.
C) It strengthened its public-sector bureaucracy by adding jobs and money.
D) It established an independent central bank and more competitive private banks.

Question 32

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following is thought to be holding back Latin American industrial development?

A) paternalism
B) crony capitalism
C) clientelism
D) colonialism

Question 33

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. How do population growth and resource use reduce biodiversity?

A) They lead to overhunting, overfishing, and transplanting species.
B) They eliminate the natural habitats of various plants and animals.
C) They support the regrowth of wetlands and other habitats.
D) They force governments to adopt preservation laws.

Question 34

Arguing that inequality continues to plague Latin American societies because of a long history of oppressing the disadvantaged, predatory external forces, and domestic institutions that serve elites is an example of an argument from which perspective?

A) the realist perspective
B) the liberal perspective
C) the identity perspective
D) the critical theory perspective

Question 35

The ejido system is an example of ______.

A) monetary redistribution
B) an economic caste system
C) land reform policies
D) public education policies

Question 36

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following statements are NOT true about the Middle East and North Africa?

A) The region is very rich in resources, young people, and aid.
B) The region has robust manufacturing and services sectors.
C) The region constitutes a strategic piece of land that has endured countless invasions and conflicts.
D) The region has a high amount of foreign investment in strategic trade sectors.

Question 37

What type of approach to development did the Millennium Initiative take?

A) an emphasis on domestic reform in developing states
B) an emphasis on international aid to developing states
C) an emphasis on international aid and local policies
D) a hands-off approach that allows developing states to develop on their own

Question 38

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Domestic governance in the Middle East and North Africa is typically characterized by which of the following?

A) strong parliaments
B) underdeveloped civil societies
C) corrupt public administrations
D) robust political and media competition

Question 39

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following countries grew rapidly from 1980 to 2010, at rates of 8 percent and 10 percent per year?

A) China
B) Russia
C) India
D) Japan

Question 40

The first real outbreak of democracy in Africa coincided with which of the following?

A) a cessation of foreign aid
B) the discovery of untapped energy resources
C) decolonization
D) the end of the Cold War

Question 41

A major factor in the success of East Asian development is regional stability, particularly the lack of major wars.

Question 42

Asian export-led development was limited due to states' inefficiency in the finance sector of their economies.

Question 43

______, a type of microeconomic policy, created a sense of participation on the part of rural areas and formed the basis for successful education programs.

Question 44

Latin American states escaped direct colonization earlier than other regions.

Question 45

The second wave of newly industrializing countries, following the success of the four tigers, includes Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan.

Question 46

The ______ includes business activities that take place outside the legal system of a country because of excessive regulations.

Question 47

Successful Asian societies are more ethnically homogenous than Latin American or African countries.

Question 48

Development has major impacts on the environment in two main ways: population growth, and industrial and agricultural growth.

Question 49

The policy of ______, initially created to decrease Latin America's dependence on foreign goods, ultimately made Latin America more vulnerable to international markets.

Question 50

______ separated violently from Indonesia in 1999.

Question 51

Import substitution made Latin American states less vulnerable to international markets.

Question 52

______ is the process of material, institutional, and human progress in a particular country or region.

Question 53

The ejido system is a Mexican land reform project that redistributed some land to peasants.

Question 54

The term ______ is used to describe the economic stagnation in Latin America that lasted from the early 1970s to the late 1980s.

Question 55

Many small states in sub-Saharan Africa are ______, meaning they have no access to the coast.

Question 56

The ______ system in Mexico is a form of land reform that redistributed some land to peasants.

Question 57

______ is a policy in which states extract savings from one sector, such as agriculture or labor, to benefit another sector, such as industry.

Question 58

______ refers to noncompetitive lending and investment relationships between government financial institutions and private industry.

Question 59

______ include necessities such as clothing, shelter, food, education, and health care.

Question 60

The debate over ______ concerns whether or not Confucianism motivated domestic stability, bureaucracy, and economic success.

Question 61

______ are outbreaks of infectious diseases, such as AIDS, avian flu, and SARS, that spread or threaten to spread worldwide.

Question 62

Air pollution, especially as a result of vehicle exhaust and industry, is better known as ______.

Question 63

What are the three main reasons why development is held back in Latin America?

Question 64

What is import substitution?

Question 65

What factors characterized Latin American politics throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries?

Question 66

______ is the heating up of the Earth's atmosphere caused by greenhouse gas emissions.

Question 67

The emigration of educated people from developing countries is better known as ______.

Question 68

Coal, oil, and natural gas are all examples of ______.

Question 69

What is export-led development?

Question 70

What obstacles prevent dealing effectively with HIV/AIDS?

Question 71

The ______, a specialized UN agency, is one of the largest and most technical international institutions focused on health.

Question 72

______ are periods of accelerating population growth even as living standards increase because death rates decline faster than birthrates.

Question 73

How do the realist, liberal, and identity perspectives understand the causes of Latin America's lost decade?

Question 74

How did export-led development in Asia reach its limits by the late 1990s?

Question 75

What three major obstacles impede sub-Saharan African access to world markets?