Deck 6: Ethical Decision Making and Behavior

Question 1

In which stage of the four-component model, does one determine the course of action to take?

A) moral judgment
B) moral character
C) moral sensitivity
D) moral motivation

Answer 1

A

Question 2

According to Mary Gentile from Giving Voice to Values, all of the following are examples of pillars that help us make ethical choices EXCEPT ______.

A) treat values conflicts as normal
B) play to personal strengths
C) anticipate rationalizations for unethical behavior
D) be empathetic in your decision-making

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In ______, organizational members want to appear moral instead of being moral.

A) moral sensitivity
B) moral hypocrisy
C) moral focus
D) moral character

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The ______ model highlights the role that intuition and social norms play in moral determinations.

A) social intuitionist
B) ethical checkpoint
C) 12 questions
D) dual process

Question 5

Deceiving ourselves into thinking we are acting morally when we are not is called ______.

A) ethical reflection
B) ethical fading
C) ethical confusion
D) ethical silence

Question 6

______ refers to making an ethical issue more visible or salient.

A) Moral sensitivity
B) Moral intensity
C) Moral focus
D) Moral character

Question 7

Individuals with a/an ______ locus of control believe that they can determine what happens to them.

A) internal
B) external
C) open
D) closed

Question 8

______ are networks of knowledge organized around life events.

A) Tolerance
B) Schemas
C) Moral thoughts
D) Ethical perspectives

Question 9

In the ______ stage of the four-component model of ethical decision-making, the leader must put moral values above other considerations in order to follow through on ethical choices.

A) moral focus (motivation)
B) moral hypocrisy
C) moral rendering
D) moral character

Question 10

Which element is not part of ethical blind spots?

A) overestimating our ethicality
B) in-group favoritism
C) out-group favoritism
D) judging based on outcomes, not the process

Question 11

Which type of thinker looks to others for guidance when deciding how to act?

A) postconventional
B) preconventional
C) conventional
D) principled

Question 12

Being driven by duty to make and act on ethical decisions largely on their loyalty to the group is called ______.

A) duty orientation
B) moral orientation
C) loyalty orientation
D) primary orientation

Question 13

______ recognizes the presence of an ethical issue.

A) Moral sensitivity
B) Moral hypocrisy
C) Moral focus
D) Moral character

Question 14

Which one is not a level in Kohlberg's moral development?

A) conventional
B) postconceptual
C) preconventional
D) motivational

Question 15

Which one is not a step in the Lonergan/Baird method?

A) be attentive
B) be intelligent
C) be encouraging
D) be responsible

Question 16

Which of the following will increase your ethical sensitivity?

A) employing euphemisms when talking about unethical behavior
B) imagining other perspectives
C) ignoring emotions
D) relying on external motivation

Question 17

______ reasoning is the most advanced level of moral reasoning, according to Lawrence Kohlberg.

A) Preconventional
B) Conventional
C) Postconventional
D) Moral

Question 18

______ is a psychological state or resource made up of moral ownership, moral courage, and moral efficacy.

A) Moral reasoning
B) Moral potency
C) Moral character
D) Moral landscape

Question 19

Which type of emotions encourage us to comfort and help others?

A) other condemning
B) other suffering
C) self-conscious
D) other praising

Question 20

All of the following are psychological subprocesses according to James Rest, EXCEPT ______.

A) moral sensitivity
B) moral competence
C) moral focus
D) moral character

Question 21

______ and ______ are other-condemning emotions.

A) Embarrassment; guilt
B) Shame; fear
C) Anger; disgust
D) Sympathy; compassion

Question 22

According to the Lonergan/Baird method, Step 3 is to ______ and evaluate the options.

A) be attentive
B) be intelligent
C) be reasonable
D) be responsible

Question 23

______ is the psychological state or resource made up of moral ownership and moral courage.

A) Moral sensitivity
B) Moral judgment
C) Moral potency
D) Moral character

Question 24

All of the following are examples of ethical blind spots EXCEPT ______.

A) overestimating our ethicality
B) out-group bias
C) forgiving our own unethical behavior
D) in-group favoritism

Question 25

Sarah wanted feedback and guidance from her peers on her ethical dilemma. Which level of ethical thinking is Sarah demonstrating?

A) preconventional
B) conventional
C) post conventional
D) process

Question 26

What is the first step for Rest's four-component model of ethical action?

A) moral sensitivity (recognition)
B) moral judgment
C) moral focus (motivation)
D) moral character

Question 27

______ and ______ are other-suffering emotions.

A) Embarrassment; guilt
B) Shame; fear
C) Anger; disgust
D) Sympathy; compassion

Question 28

______ is when leaders and followers have strong opinions about right or wrong but can't explain why they feel as they do.

A) Moral dumbfounding
B) Moral obligation
C) Moral reasoning
D) Moral process

Question 29

John always sought to challenge his team for higher level ethical thinking. Which level of ethical thinking is John promoting?

A) preconventional
B) conventional
C) post conventional
D) process

Question 30

When people are focused solely on consequences, which level of moral development is this?

A) preconventional
B) conventional
C) postconventional
D) principled

Question 31

Tolerating ______ and ambiguity occurs when managers disagree about values and courses of action.

A) moral disagreement
B) moral hypocrisy
C) moral focus
D) moral character

Question 32

Ethical thinking activates both cognitive and ______ areas of the brain.

A) intuition
B) rational
C) emotional
D) dual

Question 33

______ ability generally increases with age and education.

A) Moral disagreement
B) Moral reasoning
C) Moral focus
D) Moral character

Question 34

______ and ______ are self-conscious emotions.

A) Embarrassment; guilt
B) Shame; fear
C) Anger; disgust
D) Sympathy; compassion

Question 35

Most people are at the ______ level of moral reasoning.

A) preconventional
B) conventional
C) postconventional
D) moral

Question 36

According to the Lonergan/Baird method, Step 4 is to ______ and act with courage.

A) be attentive
B) be intelligent
C) be reasonable
D) be responsible

Question 37

______ and ______ are other-praising (positive) emotions.

A) Embarrassment; guilt
B) Shame; fear
C) Gratitude; awe
D) Sympathy; compassion

Question 38

According to the Lonergan/Baird method, Step 2 is to ______ and sort through the data.

A) be attentive
B) be intelligent
C) be reasonable
D) be responsible

Question 39

According to the Lonergan/Baird method, Step 1 is to ______ and consider what works and what doesn't.

A) be attentive
B) be intelligent
C) be reasonable
D) be responsible

Question 40

Psychologists report that self-interest and ______ undermine moral motivation.

A) hypocrisy
B) ethics
C) fear
D) hate

Question 41

How can you increase your sensitivity to ethical issues?

Question 42

Anger, disgust, and contempt are other-suffering emotions.

Question 43

List the five ethical blind spots listed in the text under Component 2.

Question 44

According to Rest's model, moral character implies motivation.

Question 45

Incorporating intuition into ethics training can improve ethical behavior.

Question 46

Choosing not to act is acting.

Question 47

According to the Foursquare Protocol Element 1, you need to dig into the facts.

Question 48

Name and describe Kohlberg's first level of moral development.

Question 49

Externally oriented people (externals) believe that life events are beyond their control and are the product of fate or luck instead.

Question 50

Rewards encourage decision makers to follow through on their ethical choices.

Question 51

Those who use maintaining norms moral reasoning schema are concerned with following rules and laws and making sure that regulations apply to everyone.

Question 52

Describe and briefly explain the four components of moral action.

Question 53

Practicing intelligent disobedience is a four-step process. Briefly describe each step.

Question 54

In the maintaining norms schema, people believe they have a moral obligation to maintain social order.

Question 55

One of the cons of the Lonergan/Baird method is that it is not widely used.

Question 56

What is it called when someone feels sympathy after seeing a picture of a child in need or a shelter animal that needs a home or a hungry homeless person?

A) moral sensitivity
B) moral judgment
C) moral obligation
D) moral emotions

Question 57

Sympathy and compassion are other-praising emotions.