Deck 13: How Are Tests Used in Clinical and Counseling Settings

Question 1

Incremental validity addresses the question of whether ______.

A) adding another test to a test battery already in use would improve its predictive capability
B) the reliability of the combined test battery would be improved by the addition of another test
C) the client would believe that the additional expense of another test would be justified
D) the addition of another test would make the client feel that his condition was getting worse

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which one of the following statements regarding the DSM-5 is TRUE?

A) There are many other well-accepted diagnostic systems which are in competition with the DSM 5.
B) The DSM-5 does not include descriptive information on psychological disorders.
C) The DSM-5 includes information on both common and uncommon psychological disorders.
D) The DSM-5 is the diagnostic classification system the World Health Organization established.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

For which one of the following issues would the services of a forensic psychologist be needed?

A) to evaluate whether an individual was competent to stand trial
B) to study the brain tissue of a psychiatric patient after death to detect Alzheimer's disease
C) to help a new mother suffering from post-partum depression
D) to work with a school district to develop a program for children in trouble with the law

Answer 3

A

Question 4

What is the SCID-I?

A) a semistructured clinical interview that covers a wide range of disorders
B) a semistructured clinical interview that covers a single disorder
C) a structured interview for diagnosing obsessive compulsive disorder
D) a structured interview used to evaluate candidates for jobs

Question 5

Which one of the following is a difference between clinical and counseling psychologists?

A) Clinical psychologists must have an MD degree, while counseling psychologists have a PhD degree.
B) Clinical psychologists usually treat more serious problems, while counseling psychologists usually treat everyday problems.
C) Clinical psychologists can prescribe medications, but counseling psychologists cannot.
D) Clinical psychologists are covered by a different set licensing requirements than counseling psychologists.

Question 6

When psychological tests are used in clinical and counseling settings, the results ______.

A) are combined with information that is gathered in other ways
B) can be interpreted without additional information from other sources
C) may be freely shared with others because the tests are commercially available
D) can only be reviewed by personnel who have a MD degree

Question 7

Why did the U.S. Supreme Court find that the IQ cutoff score used in Florida was unconstitutional for deciding whether a person was intellectually disabled and therefore ineligible for the death penalty?

A) The intelligence test that Florida used was not valid for determining IQ.
B) Florida did not consider the standard error of measurement of the test score.
C) IQ isn't a good measure of the degree of intellectual disability.
D) Florida didn't consider the other types of intelligence that weren't measured by the test used.

Question 8

The main criticism of the Rorschach psychodiagnostic technique has centered on which one of the following issues?

A) concerns over possible gender bias in the test
B) concerns over the reliability and validity of the interpretation of the scores
C) concerns over the high cost of the administration of the test
D) concerns over the large number of scoring systems available for the test

Question 9

Which one of the following types of psychologists is most likely to use behavior rating scales?

A) forensic psychologists
B) educational psychologists
C) physiological psychologists
D) child psychologists

Question 10

A clinician is treating an adolescent with conduct disorder. The adolescent has been in foster care since his parents died many years ago, so there is limited information about his early behavior. The clinician has learned that recent research suggests there may be neuropsychological involvement when the onset of conduct disorder occurs at a young age, but not at an older age. The neurological tests required would be very expensive to conduct, so the researcher is unsure whether they should be added to the tests she is already using. In this case, the researcher is probably concerned with ______.

A) the construct validity of the neurological test
B) the face validity of the neurological test
C) the concurrent evidence of validity for the neurological test
D) the incremental validity of the neurological test

Question 11

What are evidence-based treatment methods?

A) treatments authorized by the American Psychological Association
B) treatments that are guaranteed to work
C) treatments that do not require taking medication
D) treatments with documented research evidence they are effective

Question 12

Which one of the following types of tests frequently used in clinical and counseling settings has generated the most controversy?

A) symptom-based self-report tests
B) symptom checklists
C) comprehensive, clinically oriented self-report tests
D) projective, clinically oriented personality tests

Question 13

What is the MMPI-2?

A) a comprehensive, clinically oriented self-report test used for diagnosis and making treatment plans
B) a symptom checklist used for self-diagnosis of minor mental health concerns
C) a preemployment test used to identify which potential employees have the best mental health functioning
D) a projective, clinically oriented personality test used in residential treatment centers for adolescents

Question 14

Which one of the following statements correctly describes the educational credentials of clinical and counseling psychologists?

A) Clinical psychologists must have a MD degree, while counseling psychologists usually have a PhD degree.
B) Clinical psychologists usually have a PhD degree, while counseling psychologists usually have a master's degree.
C) Clinical psychologists usually have a master's degree, but counseling psychologists usually have a PhD degree.
D) Clinical psychologists and counseling psychologists both usually have a PhD degree.

Question 15

Symptom checklists and self-report tests which clients complete themselves are most likely to be used ______.

A) when a person wants to make a diagnosis about their own condition
B) in the early stages of mental health treatment to evaluate the level of distress
C) by legal authorities as part of a court proceeding
D) during a person's visit to an emergency room for a mental health complaint

Question 16

Which one of the following statements regarding testing for Alzheimer's disease is TRUE?

A) There is a large age-appropriate, normative database that can be used to help with the diagnosis of Alzheimer's.
B) Testing for Alzheimer's disease must be conducted in a hospital.
C) Standard tests of memory, language, and problem-solving have not been found to be useful aids for diagnosing the disease.
D) A definitive diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease can only be made after the patient' death.

Question 17

Which one of the following statements regarding providing feedback to a client about his test results is NOT true?

A) Feedback can be a powerful therapeutic experience for the client and can also benefit the clinician.
B) Feedback is an opportunity to provide the client and if appropriate, his spouse or family, with recommendations for treatment.
C) A written feedback report is especially important when the feedback is done in a treatment context as opposed to a referral context.
D) APA guidelines state that practitioners are ethically obligated to provide feedback to a client who has undergone psychological testing.

Question 18

A child is brought to a clinician because of concerns that the child might be suffering from an autism spectrum disorder. Which one of the following tests might the clinician give the child to aid in the diagnosis?

A) House-Tree-Person
B) Draw a Person
C) Ages and Stages Questionnaire
D) Beck Depression Inventory

Question 19

Which one of the following tests is NOT a comprehensive, clinically oriented self-report test?

A) MMPI-2
B) PAI
C) TAT
D) MCMI-III

Question 20

Which one of the following tests is a projective, clinically oriented personality test that is used with children to assess their developmental level and social/emotional functioning?

A) Rorschach psychodiagnostic technique
B) TAT
C) PAI
D) Draw-a-Person test

Question 21

How is autism typically first identified?

A) during a routine well-visit at the child's pediatrician's office
B) during a routine prescreen prior to school entry
C) during elementary school
D) during a routine visit to the clinical psychologist's office

Question 22

Discuss four common types of tests professionals use in clinical and counseling settings. Provide an example of each.

Question 23

The ADOS-2 is a(s) ______ assessment to evaluate ______.

A) semistructured interview; Anxiety
B) structured interview; Alzheimer's
C) observational; Autism
D) behavior rating; Depression

Question 24

Researchers have expressed serious concerns about the reliability and validity of which one of the following types of tests?

A) projective, clinically oriented personality tests
B) comprehensive, clinically oriented self-report tests
C) symptom-based self-report tests
D) symptom checklists

Question 25

Upon completing psychological testing of a person referred from another source, a written report is usually prepared for the ______.

A) person who made the referral
B) client who received treatment
C) client's family
D) psychologist who provided the treatment

Question 26

Which one of the following would a forensic psychologist likely use to distinguish between true and fake memory impairment?

A) Test of Memory Falsifying
B) Test of Memory Malingering
C) Test of Memory Faking
D) Test of Memory Truthfulness

Question 27

Discuss the similarities and differences between the typical clinical interview and interviews that qualify as psychological tests.

Question 28

Describe the purpose and what needs to be considered when constructing the testing report and delivering client feedback.

Question 29

Treatments that have documented research evidence that they are effective are termed _______.

A) evidence-based treatments
B) empirically based treatments
C) exceptional treatments
D) effective treatments

Question 30

What type of psychological tests are useful for diagnosing dementia?

A) language, social communication, and behavior
B) language, memory, and attention
C) language, intelligence, and affect
D) language, memory, and social communication

Question 31

What type of psychologist would most likely be engaged by a court to determine the kind of treatment that might be best for a juvenile offender?

A) industrial-organizational psychologist
B) counseling psychologist
C) forensic psychologist
D) school psychologist

Question 32

Imagine you were a clinician with a need to use a comprehensive, clinically oriented self-report test. Explain why you would need such a test and discuss two comprehensive, clinically oriented self-report tests you might consider using.

Question 33

Which one of the followings test is a comprehensive clinically oriented self-report test used for personality and emotional functioning, as well as symptoms and diagnostic concerns?

A) MMPI-2
B) Beck Depression Inventory
C) Symptom Checklist 90
D) TAT

Question 34

The Ages and Stages Questionnaire is used to diagnose which of the following conditions?

A) depression
B) obsessive compulsive disorder
C) autism spectrum disorders
D) Alzheimer's disease

Question 35

What are the two final products of psychological testing in most clinical and counseling contexts?

A) a recorded summary of the client's program of treatment and a meeting with the client
B) a verbal summary report and a recorded summary of the client's program of treatment
C) a written psychological evaluation report and a verbal summary report
D) a written e psychological evaluation report and a meeting with the client

Question 36

The Exner Comprehensive (scoring) System is associated with which of the following tests?

A) Rorschach psychodiagnostic technique
B) TAT
C) PAI
D) Draw-a-Person test

Question 37

Which one of the following is NOT associated with evidence-based practice?

A) helping mental health professionals choose the best tests for diagnosis and treatment
B) integrating research and clinical expertise
C) classifying mental and behavior disorders for focused treatment
D) unbiased recommendations based on clinical research findings