Deck 22: Promoting Health From Conception Through to Adolescence

Question 1

A baby was born prematurely during the sixth month of pregnancy. The new parents question the nurse about the hair all over their baby. The nurse's best response is:

A) "All babies are hairy. It is more noticeable on premmies."
B) "Fine downy hair at this stage is normal."
C) "Don't worry about how the baby looks. All premmies look funny."
D) "You should be more concerned with the baby's respiratory function."

Answer 1

"Fine downy hair at this stage is normal."

Question 2

According to Kohlberg's moral developmental theory, school-age children progress through several stages of their development. Put the following stages in order.

A) Punishment and obedience.
B) Law-and-order orientation.
C) Instrumental-relativist orientation.
D) Good boy-nice girl stage.

Answer 2

Punishment and obedience.
Law-and-order orientation.
Instrumental-relativist orientation.
Good boy-nice girl stage.

Question 3

The parents of a toddler are concerned that their child is so messy during eating, they just feed him. The nurse's best response to this is:

A) "At least you're sharing meals as a family. That's the most important thing."
B) "Your child will never learn if you don't let him experience."
C) "Motor skills keep improving with age. Try not to get frustrated with the mess."
D) "That's probably best. I'm sure it makes your meal time more pleasant."

Answer 3

"Motor skills keep improving with age. Try not to get frustrated with the mess."

Question 4

According to Fowler's (1981) spiritual development theory, a school-age child who is still influenced largely by parental views is in the:

A) undifferentiated stage.
B) intuitive-projective stage.
C) mythic-literal stage.
D) synthetic-conventional stage.

Question 5

A 4-year-old was hospitalised for several days with an acute illness. Though the child had control of bowel and bladder prior to hospitalisation, now she has been wetting the bed at night and is having incontinent accidents during the day. The nurse addresses the parents' concerns with the following statement:

A) "It is normal for some children to go through a stage of regression after separation from their family or after an acute illness. Try not to be too discouraged."
B) "Maybe your child should be seen by a specialist, just to make sure there are no physical problems."
C) "You'll have to be very strict with discipline, so your child knows this behaviour is not acceptable."
D) "I'd be upset too. It must be hard to go back to using nappies."

Question 6

New parents are discovering their baby and all his features the day after the baby is born. They ask the nurse why the baby's head seems lopsided and not round, as they thought it should be. The nurse's best response is:

A) "Babies' heads always look funny. Once his hair grows out, you'll hardly notice it."
B) "You're right. We'll make sure your doctor checks this out."
C) "Your baby's head had to shape itself to the birth canal. It will look round in a few days."
D) "I don't think it looks unusual."

Question 7

A 2-year-old is brought into the clinic for a well check. Her birth weight was 2.8 kilograms. If she is following normal growth and development patterns, what should her weight be at this point in her life?

A) 3.8 kilograms.
B) 2.9 kilograms.
C) 8.4 kilograms.
D) 11.2 kilograms.

Question 8

The nurse is working with a client who hopes to become pregnant within the next year. The client asks about nutritional needs before and during pregnancy. The nurse responds by telling the client she should increase her intake of which of the following food groups?

A) A mix of vegetables and fibre.
B) Foods containing low fat and high protein.
C) Meats, fish and poultry.
D) Oranges and green leafy vegetables.

Question 9

New parents are concerned about the things their baby is and is not doing at age eight months. The nurse might suggest screening the baby with which of the following?

A) DDST-II.
B) Assessment tools utilised by the state education department.
C) Growth and development charts.
D) Apgar scoring system.

Question 10

According to Erikson's (1963) psychosocial development theory, the teenager is:

A) industry-inferiority stage.
B) initiative versus guilt.
C) role identity versus confusion.
D) autonomy versus shame and doubt.

Question 11

According to Piaget (1966), the cognitive development of an infant proceeds from:

A) sensory perception.
B) motor skills.
C) reflexive abilities.
D) supportive parents.

Question 12

A school nurse is working with teachers in helping them address the developmental needs of primary school students, according to Erikson's theory of industry versus inferiority. The nurse suggests which of the following activities?

A) Allowing "pretend" time during their classes, like dress-up or role-playing.
B) Presenting diversity in culture and practices as part of classroom study.
C) Helping them develop skills needed in the adult world, like budgeting with pocket money.
D) Providing time for running and playing sports, such as cricket, to increase gross motor skills.

Question 13

A baby was born with flaccid muscle tone, regular respirations with crying, heart rate of 85, and blue extremities. What would the Apgar score be?

A) 7.
B) 5.
C) 6.
D) 8.

Question 14

A preschool class is being screened by a group of nursing students who are working in a community health course. Few of the children have 20/20 vision. Most have 20/30, and some have 20/40. What observation would the nursing students make to their instructor?

A) "These kids will all be wearing glasses when we come back next year."
B) "We should use a different eye chart. Maybe the kids would understand it better."
C) "These children have normal vision abilities."
D) "We should check into the health of these children. Maybe their diet is lacking in essential vitamins since they all have poor eyesight."

Question 15

The parents of a newborn ask the nurse about the things their baby can see. The nurse responds correctly by saying:

A) "Babies won't track moving objects until about five months."
B) "Newborns blink in response to bright lights and sound and will follow large objects."
C) "Newborns aren't able to focus, so everything looks blurry to them."
D) "Babies aren't able to see until they are around four months old."

Question 16

A nurse is teaching a class to new parents how to handle some of the behaviours that could be demonstrated by toddlers. One of the parents asks what to do when their child throws a temper tantrum. The nurse should reply:

A) "Make sure the child is safe, then walk away."
B) "Try to be more attentive to the behaviours that lead into a tantrum. Then you can avoid them."
C) "Put the child in a room alone and ignore the tantrum."
D) "Hold the child tightly until he stops crying."

Question 17

According to Kohlberg's (1984) moral development theory, a child's moral decision making, which is motivated more by significant people's expectations than their own needs, is in which stage?

A) Stage 1.
B) Stage 2.
C) Stage 3.
D) Stage 4.

Question 18

The parents of a newborn ask the nurse about colic pain. The nurse correctly responds with which of the following?

A) "I'll have the paediatrician speak to you about it."
B) "Not all babies have colic and it only occurs after they are six months old."
C) "Newborns can't feel pain, so don't worry about it."
D) "Newborns' pain experience is real. Swaddling will help."

Question 19

A client asks about what causes low birth weight babies. Which of the following factors would indicate that the client was at risk for this to occur?

A) Genetic history.
B) Taking a medication that was a known teratogen.
C) Smoking.
D) Having low levels of folic acid.

Question 20

A new mother is concerned about taking her baby home. Her mother-in-law has told her to leave the baby in the bassinette and not to cuddle her too much as it will spoil the baby. The new mother is not sure about the advice. The nurse would respond that at this stage the baby's healthy development is about:

A) the baby learning about trust and mistrust.
B) maintaining good relations with the grandparents.
C) the baby learning about boundaries.
D) the baby learning not to cry.

Question 21

An adolescent comes to the school nurse's office seeking advice about his friends and feeling pressure to participate in activities he isn't comfortable with (i.e. drinking parties and sexual explorations). The nurse should:

A) tell the adolescent to stay away from "friends like that".
B) give the adolescent pamphlets on sexually transmitted diseases.
C) be open to the concerns and provide accurate information about any questions.
D) make a judgment about the adolescent's parents and encourage psychosocial counselling.

Question 22

The school nurse is teaching a group of parents and their teenage sons a class about puberty and sexual growth. A parent asks the nurse about fertility in teenage males, specifically: "Does fertility coincide with ejaculation?" The nurse should reply:

A) "Yes, if your son is ejaculating, he also possesses fertility."
B) "You'll have to ask your doctor about this since it is a sensitive subject."
C) "Sexual maturity does not occur until age 18, so don't worry about anything until then."
D) "Fertility follows several months after the first ejaculation."

Question 23

A school health nurse is working on education programs for high school students. As part of the plan, the nurse wants to address health concerns of this age group, but focus on other topics besides the dangers of unprotected sex or drug and alcohol abuse. Which class topic would be appropriate to present?

A) Normal physiological changes of this age group.
B) Early signs of cancer and heart disease.
C) Injury prevention.
D) Warning signs of depression for peers to identify among their classmates.

Question 24

A school nurse is implementing a program to promote psychosocial development among adolescent teens at a high school. Which of the following activities should be included?

A) Career planning.
B) Establishing peer groups.
C) Playing musical instruments.
D) Developing a mentor program with teachers and parents.

Question 25

A client comes to the women's clinic, stating she has had a positive home pregnancy test. The client states that her last menstrual cycle was two months ago. According to this time frame, the client would be in which of the following?

A) Third trimester.
B) Second trimester.
C) Foetal phase.
D) Embryonic phase.

Question 26

A teenage girl spends most of her free time with friends or at school. Sharing their concerns about this behaviour with the school nurse, the parents are worried about their child seeming to draw away from them. The nurse's best reply is:

A) "Use stricter guidelines for curfew and punishment if curfew is broken."
B) "Is it possible that your child might be taking drugs?"
C) "Independence is really important for this age group. Try to be extra attentive when your child does spend time at home."
D) "You should really keep better track of your child. It's hard to tell what kinds of trouble they may be getting into."

Question 27

An expectant parent asks the nurse about health problems of newborns. The nurse will provide information on which of the following?

A) Infant colic.
B) Respiratory tract infections.
C) Failure to thrive.
D) Injuries.
E) SIDS.