Deck 21: Concepts of Growth and Development

Question 1

A parent questions the nurse about her 5-year-old who has begun to masturbate and question the parents about sexual differences among the child's peer friends. The nurse, familiar with Freud's stages of development, responds by saying:

A) "Let's make sure to ask your doctor at the next appointment."
B) "All children are curious, but make sure the child knows that this behaviour might be offensive to others."
C) "You should probably consult a child psychologist if you're this concerned."
D) "This behaviour is a normal part of your child's development."

Answer 1

"This behaviour is a normal part of your child's development."

Question 2

A parent brings a child to the clinic with concerns about the child's inability to sit unaided. The nurse explains that development is based on in-born timetables and the child will be able to meet this milestone at a specific time. The nurse is basing this information on which theory of growth and development?

A) Biophysical theory.
B) Task theory.
C) Psychosocial theory.
D) Havighurst's theory.

Answer 2

Biophysical theory.

Question 3

A parent brings her baby in for a well-child check-up. According to Erikson, which of the following would the nurse identify as an indicator of positive resolution of the central task of this age?

A) The child shows mistrust when strangers approach.
B) The child becomes wilful when disciplined.
C) The child does not play with other children.
D) The child does not cry when the parent allows the nurse to hold the child.

Answer 3

The child does not cry when the parent allows the nurse to hold the child.

Question 4

A parent brings a 16-month-old child to the clinic for a well-child check-up. During the assessment, the nurse finds that the child cannot stand next to furniture and does not try to pull himself up from a sitting position. The child is lagging in which of the following processes?

A) Height.
B) Development.
C) Growth.
D) Behaviour.

Question 5

A child is starting school and is being screened for certain developmental milestones. How the child interacts with other children is most influenced by which of the following factors?

A) Culture.
B) Environment.
C) Temperament.
D) Physical characteristics.

Question 6

Match the factors that influence growth and development with the examples.
1. Genetics
2. Temperament
3. Family
4. Culture
5. Nutrition
6. Environment
7. Health
A. Breastfeeding a child
B. Child undergoing rituals
C. Child with cystic fibrosis
D. Living in a remote area
E. Albino children
F. Reaction to other children
G. Domestic violence cases

Question 7

A parent brings his child into the clinic for a well-child screening. He makes a statement to the nurse that the child is learning new words faster than he can write them in the baby book. According to Piaget (1966), this child is in which of the following phases?

A) Formal operations phase.
B) Intuitive thought phase.
C) Preconceptual phase.
D) Concrete operations phase.

Question 8

A client is being seen in the mental health clinic for antisocial behaviour. According to Erikson's stages of development (1963; 1964), this client is dealing with which task of development?

A) Initiative versus guilt.
B) Intimacy versus isolation.
C) Identity versus role confusion.
D) Industry versus inferiority.

Question 9

An example of psychosocial development is all of the following except:

A) learning how to behave at preschool.
B) learning how to make friends.
C) learning how to play fair.
D) learning how to wash toys.

Question 10

A student nurse is undertaking her first clinical practicum at a local health service. She is observing and thinking about how the preceptor is behaving during her daily work. This is an example of:

A) operant learning.
B) social learning.
C) behaviourism.
D) stimulus learning.

Question 11

A university-age client is seeing the nurse at the student health office. His statements indicate that he is struggling with feelings of independence, then feelings of dependence on his family again. The nurse recognises this as which stage of development, according to Roger Gould (1972)?

A) Stage 2.
B) Stage 3.
C) Stage 4.
D) Stage 5.

Question 12

A toddler shows fear and begins to cry when her parent leaves her at day care. According to Havighurst (1972), which developmental task would this child be exhibiting?

A) Learning to relate emotionally.
B) Learning to get along with age-mates.
C) Achieving personal independence.
D) Building wholesome attitudes toward oneself.

Question 13

Growth and development is uneven. Asynchronous development is demonstrated by:

A) increased hormonal activity in teenagers.
B) rapid growth of the abdomen during infancy.
C) rapid growth of the head during infancy.
D) rapid growth of the long bones in puberty.

Question 14

A community health nurse is planning adult health education classes. According to Erikson's stages of development, the nurse must address which task with this age group?

A) Identity versus inferiority.
B) Intimacy versus isolation.
C) Generativity versus stagnation.
D) Identity versus role confusion.

Question 15

A nurse is working with a school-age client who is learning how to use a peak flow metre to monitor his asthma. The child has been frustrated at first, but now is able to give the reason to use the metre on a daily basis. Remembering the growth and development characteristics of the adolescent, which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse?

A) "Think of using the metre as one of your daily chores."
B) "Maybe you could make a game out of the daily use of your metre."
C) "It's too bad if you don't want to use the metre, it's just something you'll have to do."
D) "You should feel very proud for understanding and using your metre."

Question 16

A nurse is working with the residents of an assisted living complex. When planning care for the old-old stage, the nurse realises that it will be important to:

A) allow as much independence for the residents as possible.
B) maintain peer interactions and social groups.
C) make sure to provide safety measures as needed.
D) provide as much care to the residents as possible.

Question 17

Which of the following developmental tasks are part of Havighurst's early adulthood age period?

A) Taking on civic responsibility.
B) Developing adult leisure-time activities.
C) Getting started in an occupation.
D) Relating oneself to one's spouse as a person.
E) Managing a home.

Question 18

A young adult has never lived away from his parents. He has difficulty making decisions and feels unable to make decisions on his own. According to Freud's (1856-1939) theory of development, this person would be fixated at which stage of development?

A) Genital.
B) Anal.
C) Phallic.
D) Latency.

Question 19

In order to promote optimal growth and development, the nurse ensures that when a client is breastfeeding her infant that:

A) the curtains are drawn for privacy.
B) she is resting comfortably.
C) the feeds are given on demand.
D) she remains quiet and undisturbed.

Question 20

A client who has a terminal diagnosis has been using her time to help family members deal with her impending death. Among her activities, she collected pictures for a scrapbook and wrote a journal of favourite memories for family members to read after the client dies. According to Peck (1968), this client is working through which of the following developmental tasks?

A) Integrity versus despair.
B) Ego differentiation versus work-role preoccupation.
C) Ego transcendence versus ego preoccupation.
D) Body transcendence versus body preoccupation.

Question 21

A nurse is plotting the height and weight of children during a school assessment clinic. Monitoring these patterns is assessing which aspect of a child's health?

A) Development.
B) Health.
C) Bone size.
D) Growth.

Question 23

A 20-month-old child is a client on the paediatric unit of a hospital. The nurse notices that this child is lagging in stage 6 of Piaget's phases of cognitive development. Which activity would indicate that this child is struggling at this stage?

A) The child merely watches as the other children pretend-play.
B) The child cries when the parents leave the unit.
C) The child wants the same toy to sleep with during naptime and bedtime.
D) The child does not cooperate with some of the treatments.

Question 24

A client with an acute, serious illness has been hospitalised. Entering the room, the nurse observes the client praying. The client states to the nurse: "I don't know how people manage to get through difficult times without their faith. It's where I get my strength." The nurse correctly associates this belief with which theorist?

A) Westerhoff.
B) Kohlberg.
C) Fowler.
D) Gilligan.

Question 25

A nurse who is exploring the behaviour of children and how they interpret right from wrong or bad from good would best be served by studying which of the following theorists?

A) Kohlberg.
B) Piaget.
C) Skinner.
D) Vygotsky.

Question 26

A nurse educator believes that teaching students without caring about them is an exercise in futility. This educator also believes that in meeting the students' needs, educators must also work to take care of themselves and care for their own needs. This educator's ideals represent which of Gilligan's (1982) stages?

A) Stage 1.
B) Stage 2.
C) Stage 3.
D) Stage 4.

Question 27

Westerhoff's (2000) spiritual theory describes four stages of development. Put these in order of when they occur in the life cycle:

A) Owned faith.
B) Affiliative faith.
C) Experienced faith.
D) Searching faith.

Question 28

A parent tells the nurse that his child is quite creative and learning how to pretend with "almost anything in the house". According to Piaget, this child is descriptive of which stage/phase?

A) Concrete operations phase.
B) Stage 6: Inventions of new means.
C) Stage 5: Tertiary circular reaction.
D) Preconceptual phase.

Question 29

A nurse educator is working with students and assisting them in addressing their clients' spiritual needs. The educator understands that most traditional, second-year university students are aware of their own spiritual development or working to develop their own system of spirituality. Fowler (Fowler, Streib & Keller, 2004) describes this stage as which of the following?

A) Universalising.
B) Intuitive-projective.
C) Individuating-reflexive.
D) Mythic-lyrical.