Deck 10: Personality

Question 1

If you were to describe a friend's personality as being phlegmatic, we could expect the friend to be

A) cheerful and active.
B) moody and unpredictable.
C) sad and depressive.
D) irritable and excitable.
E) cool and unemotional.

Answer 1

cool and unemotional.

Question 2

Ted is friendly, loves to tell jokes at parties, and is perceived by others as warm and considerate. On which two of the Big Five traits would you expect Ted to obtain high scores?

A) agreeableness and extraversio.
B) extraversion and conscientiousnes.
C) neuroticism and openness to experience
D) openness to experience and conscientiousness
E) neuroticism and agreeableness

Answer 2

agreeableness and extraversio.

Question 3

A choleric temperament was associated with

A) blood.
B) phlegm.
C) black bile.
D) yellow bile.
E) saliva.

Answer 3

yellow bile.

Question 4

In the United States and in other Western countries, ________ is/are emphasized more so than in Asian countries.

A) personality
B) personality cues
C) individualism
D) similarity
E) collectivism

Question 5

Which of the following statements describes the relationship between temperament and personality?

A) Temperament and personality are the exact same thing.
B) Personality, which we are born with, is the basis upon which one's temperament is built.
C) Temperament, which we are born with, is the basis upon which one's personality is built.
D) Temperament refers to negative personal characteristics, while personality refers to positive personal characteristics.
E) Temperament refers to the changing parts of our "self," while personality refers to the static parts of our "self."

Question 6

An investigation of students' housing preferences would probably show that single rooms are preferred by ________, whereas suites are preferred by ________.

A) extraverts; introvert.
B) introverts; extravert.
C) good students; poor students
D) poor students; good students
E) white students; minority students

Question 7

According to the text, a key aspect of personality is its ________ quality in an individual in different situations.

A) unique
B) ever-changin.
C) situationally-determined
D) consisten.
E) invariant

Question 8

Ellen has been described as creative, imaginative, curious, artistic, and nonconforming. She is likely to obtain an elevated score on a questionnaire designed to measure

A) extraversion.
B) agreeableness.
C) conscientiousness.
D) openness.
E) neuroticism.

Question 9

If you are completing a paper/pencil test that requires you to read statements and indicate true or false as to whether or not they apply to you, then you are likely taking a(n)

A) observational measure.
B) TAT.
C) projective test.
D) personality inventory.
E) self-report measure.

Question 10

If Sylvia is described as trustworthy, altruistic, and tender-minded, then she probably is fairly high on the Big Five superfactor known as

A) extraversion.
B) neuroticism.
C) openness.
D) agreeableness.
E) conscientiousness.

Question 11

Which of the following is true of the MMPI-2?

A) It cannot detect lying.
B) It is based on norms from Eastern cultures.
C) It was originally designed to diagnose minority group members.
D) It measures normal personality.
E) It contains 10 clinical scales.

Question 12

Match up the correct humor with its corresponding temperament:

A) sanguine; warm bloo.
B) melancholy; yellow bile
C) sanguine; yellow bile
D) unemotional; black bile
E) pessimistic; phleg.

Question 13

A person with a sanguine temperament would be said to have ________ and would be expected to be ________.

A) warm blood; cheerfu.
B) cool blood; sluggishness
C) black bile; brooding
D) yellow bile; irritable
E) phlegm; anxiou.

Question 14

Which of the following choices describes the cultural personality of the United States?

A) individualistic
B) high in power distance
C) low in individualism
D) high in uncertainty avoidance
E) high in collectivism

Question 15

It is common for Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America to focus more on group loyalty and pride and thus emphasize ________ in their societies.

A) personality
B) personality cues
C) individualis.
D) disposition
E) collectivis.

Question 16

Mei is Chinese American. She is very loyal to her family. Her sister lives with her, and she mails money back to China to her father and younger brother. Mei's way of life is typical of someone who comes from a culture that is

A) collectivisti.
B) low in power distanc.
C) feminine
D) low in uncertainty avoidance
E) high in external loci of control

Question 17

As part of an application for a job, Dan is asked to complete some psychological tests including one in which he responds true or false to items such as "I feel sad most of the time," or "I had a good childhood." What type of psychological test is Dan taking?

A) a behavioral log
B) the TA.
C) a projective test
D) an inventor.
E) the Rorschach

Question 18

Travis is a participant in the X-games every year, which features events that are high flying and exhilarating to watch or participate in, but they also very dangerous to the competitors. Because Travis is willing to take chances with his health to get the adrenaline rush from these sorts of events, Costa and McCrae would argue that he ranks high on which of the five factors?

A) opennes.
B) neuroticism
C) conscientiousness
D) extraversio.
E) agreeableness

Question 19

The modern view of temperament asserts that it

A) is biologically based.
B) first emerges during adolescence.
C) has no bearing on behavior.
D) is a mixture of the four humors.
E) changes radically at adolescence.

Question 20

The observation that a smaller number of infants are shy in contrast to the 40% of shy college students suggests that

A) shyness is an inherited temperament.
B) babies are adept at hiding their shyness.
C) shyness is mostly consistent over the lifetime of a person.
D) adult shyness may reflect inherited and learned influences.
E) the experience of college elicits shyness.

Question 21

Heinz has designed a new test for assessing depression. She has found that repeated administrations of the test have had consistent results across her sample subjects. We could say that her test has high

A) psychometric soundness.
B) reliability.
C) validity.
D) significance.
E) efficacy.

Question 22

Freud believed that the ________ was the most important determining factor in human behavior and personality.

A) i.
B) preconscious mind
C) manifest awareness
D) unconscious min.
E) subconscious mind

Question 23

Derrick is an executive with a large financial firm. Any time his investments do poorly, he throws temper tantrums and breaks things. Then he starts barking orders at his secretary. Which personality structure would Freud say is exerting control?

A) i.
B) supereg.
C) ego
D) preconscious
E) subconscious

Question 24

If Brianna weighs 125 pounds, but her scale indicates that she weighs 143 pounds, we would say the scale is NOT

A) reliable.
B) projective.
C) conceptual.
D) valid.
E) subjective.

Question 25

There were three friends.'ve heard of them! Harry was rational, logical, and cunning.was rule-oriented, moral, and always ethical.leasure- seeking, found it hard to delay gratification, and usually just did what he wanted. to Freud, Ron was mostly

A) id
B) ego.
C) superego.
D) libido.
E) Thanatos.

Question 26

A serious criticism of trait theories is that they

A) ignore inherited aspects of personality.
B) do not allow for predictions of behavior.
C) are too complex to explain simple behaviors.
D) explain the development of personality but do not explain specific behaviors.
E) believe personality is fixed and static.

Question 27

There were three friends. Maybe you've heard of them! Harry was rational, logical, and cunning. Hermione was rule-oriented, moral, and always ethical. Ron was pleasure- seeking, found it hard to delay gratification, and usually just did what he wanted. According to Freud, Harry was mostly

A) id.
B) ego.
C) superego.
D) conscience.
E) eros.

Question 28

The Freudian concept of ________ refers to the part of the personality responsible for the appropriate channeling of drives.

A) id
B) eg.
C) supereg.
D) libido
E) unconscious

Question 29

The key function of the ego is to resolve conflicts between the ________ and the ________.

A) id; supereg.
B) id; anim.
C) superego; animus
D) defense mechanisms; superego
E) collective unconscious; superego defense mechanisms

Question 30

Physicians in the late 1800s were puzzled by hysteria, a condition in which

A) moods fluctuated wildly throughout the course of the day.
B) physical symptoms had no apparent physical cause.
C) physical pain was worsened due to poor coping.
D) people had multiple personalities.
E) people experienced severe injuries without experiencing pain.

Question 31

"If it feels good, do it" best describes the

A) id.
B) ego.
C) superego.
D) preconscious.
E) subconscious.

Question 32

A Freudian psychoanalyst would interpret a client's impulsive need for immediate gratification as due to an overactive

A) id.
B) ego.
C) superego.
D) defense mechanism.
E) instinct.

Question 33

One limitation of the trait perspective compared to the other perspectives is there is not much

A) description.
B) research.
C) material.
D) explanation.
E) control.

Question 34

You are quite hungry but don't have any money. If you were described as "all id and only id," what would you do?

A) Distract yourself with images of food.
B) Steal a hot dog from the vendor on the corner.
C) Run all the way home to get something to eat as soon as possible.
D) Use the defense mechanism of denial to thwart the hunger pangs until an appropriate meal can be obtained.
E) Simply deny yourself the food because you would not be able to handle taking what you couldn't pay for.

Question 35

A personality that consisted of only the ego and the id would be completely

A) illogical.
B) selfless.
C) rational.
D) amoral.
E) destructive.

Question 36

Jessie becomes furious when her favorite hockey player is intentionally hurt by an opponent. According to Freud's model of the mind, her id would unconsciously say

A) "Thou shalt not kill."
B) "I'm going to tear this program in half!"
C) "What, me angry? I never get angry..
D) "I'm so angry I could kill that player..
E) "I think that he is SOOO cute, even when he's unconscious!"

Question 37

After only two hours of sleep, Julie's alarm clock goes off. Her ego would most likely cause her to

A) wake up because it is the responsible thing to do.
B) unplug the annoying clock.
C) try to keep sleeping, despite the noise.
D) get out of bed and have some coffee.
E) hit the snooze alarm and wake up in 10 minutes.

Question 38

Freud believed that Thanatos was the driving force behind

A) sex and loving behaviors.
B) altruistic and prosocial behaviors.
C) destructive and aggressive behaviors.
D) self-preservation.
E) hunger and thirst drives.

Question 39

The ________ is the fully unconscious part of a personality.

A) ego
B) supereg.
C) id
D) ego ideal
E) defense mechanism

Question 40

Many have compared Freud's idea of the mind to an iceberg. If that were the case and you were standing on the deck of a ship in Alaska, what part of the mind would you see above the water?

A) eg.
B) supereg.
C) id
D) preconscious
E) subconscious

Question 41

When Freud referred to the sexual drive of babies and young children, to what was he really referring?

A) the fact that sexual orientation is established from birth
B) the fact that children focus on their bodies to give them physical pleasure
C) the fact that children need to be taught about sexual morality from a very early age
D) the fact that children have a natural instinct to explore their own sexuality far earlier than the people of the Victorian era were willing to admit
E) all of these answers are correct

Question 42

Which element in Freud's personality theory corresponds to the common notion of the conscience?

A) id
B) eg.
C) supereg.
D) preconscious
E) the ego ideal

Question 43

Anthony is sick of writing papers and studying for tests, but he knows he needs a college degree if he wants to be successful in his chosen career. So every morning Anthony gives himself a dressing down-in essence yelling at himself-to make himself get out of bed and go to classes, and every evening he does the same thing to get himself to do his work. According to Freud, which personality structure is in control here?

A) i.
B) ego
C) unconscious
D) supereg.
E) subconscious

Question 44

When Candace ordered a hot fudge sundae and a diet soda, she told herself that the calories from the ice cream really were not a big deal because the diet soda sort of balanced it all out. Which of Freud's defense mechanisms is motivating Candace?

A) repression
B) rationalizatio.
C) sublimation
D) projectio.
E) regression

Question 45

Yongmei is studying for her math test. Her boyfriend Marcus asks if she can go to the movies with him. She would love to go, but she knows she has to study for the math test in order to pass the class. What part of Yongmei's personality will say, "You must stay home and study because passing the class is necessary for you to graduate"?

A) her ego because it is the moral conscience of her personalit.
B) her id because studying is what she really wants to do
C) her libido because she knows her boyfriend will love her more if she studies
D) her superego because it is this part of the personality that is the moral conscienc.
E) her libido because it is the driving force behind the superego

Question 46

According to Freud, a boy's sexual attachment to his mother and jealousy of his father is called

A) the Oedipus complex.
B) the Electra complex.
C) transference.
D) countertransference.
E) habituation.

Question 47

For Freud, the moral guardian of personality is the

A) id.
B) superego.
C) ego.
D) libido.
E) Oedipal mechanism.

Question 48

In the metaphor "the angel, the devil, and me," the angel is the

A) id.
B) ego.
C) superego.
D) unconscious.
E) libido.

Question 49

A Freudian analyst would interpret a church-going person who views premarital sex as a sin as being ruled by his or her

A) id.
B) ego.
C) superego.
D) Thanatos.libido.
E) Thanatos.

Question 50

What did Freud perceive as the outcome of successful resolution of the Oedipus complex?

A) attraction to the same-sex parent
B) attraction to the opposite-sex paren.
C) identification with the same-sex paren.
D) identification with the opposite-sex parent
E) fixation of the phallic stage of psychosexual development

Question 51

Four-year-old Larry squeezes between his Mommy and Daddy as they sit together on the couch. He cuddles with Mommy and pushes Daddy away. This illustrates which Freudian concept?

A) supereg.
B) Oedipus comple.
C) sublimation
D) regression
E) rationalization

Question 52

Mahmoud was just told that his father has cancer. Mahmoud's first response is that there must be a mistake, and he demands that the doctor repeat his tests. Which defense mechanism is at work here?

A) reaction formation
B) denia.
C) repressio.
D) undoing
E) sublimation

Question 53

In the metaphor "the angel, the devil, and me," the devil is the

A) id.
B) ego.
C) superego.
D) libido.
E) conscious.

Question 54

Frank and Gina are looking at an abstract painting in a museum. Gina describes objects and people she thinks she sees in the painting. Frank says, "It's a bunch of paint thrown on a canvas." Gina responds, "No, there is so much here that you just don't see." During lunch they agree that their experience reminds them of what concept they learned in introductory psychology?

A) social cognitio.
B) trait theory
C) projective testin.
D) the Big Five
E) reciprocal determinism

Question 55

Carolyn took home some printer paper from the office. Later, she felt guilty for stealing it, so she brought some paper to work to replace what she took. Freud would suggest that Carolyn's ________ was influencing her motives and behavior.

A) i.
B) unconscious mind
C) ego
D) supereg.
E) preconscious mind

Question 56

There were three friends. Maybe you've heard of them! Harry was rational, logical, and cunning. Hermione was rule-oriented, moral, and always ethical. Ron was pleasure- seeking, found it hard to delay gratification, and usually just did what he wanted. According to Freud, Hermione was mostly

A) id.
B) ego.
C) superego.
D) libido.
E) preconscious.

Question 57

Smith and Dr. Jones are at a lecture given by their mentor. Dr. Smith thinks the talk is horrible, but rather than deal with the fact that he is critical of his mentor's work, he instead accuses Dr. Jones of thinking the talk was terrible. Dr. Smith feels this way due to

A) repression.
B) his superego.
C) his id.
D) animus.
E) projection.

Question 58

Jeromy has been having an affair with another woman. One afternoon his wife came home later than usual and Jeromy became angry-accusing his wife of infidelity. Which defense mechanism is behind Jeromy's accusation?

A) denia.
B) projectio.
C) rationalization
D) reaction formation
E) aggression

Question 59

________ occurs when you yell at your dog after receiving an F on a term paper.

A) Repression
B) Depression
C) Sublimation
D) Reaction formatio.
E) Displacemen.

Question 60

Donita is angry with her boss, so she left work a little early in order to run an extra mile before it gets dark. Which defense mechanism is Donita employing?

A) repression
B) reaction formation
C) rationalizatio.
D) sublimatio.
E) projection

Question 61

When Anna looks at some modern artwork at the museum, she often thinks she sees human figures or faces and likes to make up stories about them. When she tells the stories to her friend, her friend says that the stories reflect Anna's unconscious thoughts. In psychological terms, what Anna does is most similar to

A) classical conditioning.
B) a projective test.
C) behavior sampling.
D) an objective test.
E) naturalistic observation.

Question 62

The concept of ________ includes instinctive "memories" that are shared by all people of all cultures.

A) working memory
B) the preconsciou.
C) nondeclarative memory
D) the collective unconscious
E) wish fulfillment

Question 63

Your teacher organizes a debate on Freudian theory. You are assigned to be on the anti-Freud side and, therefore, must point out problems in the theory. Which of the following will be at the top of your list?

A) Children do not have sexual motives.
B) Freudian concepts are difficult to test.
C) Defense mechanisms actually increase anxiety.
D) Psychoanalytic therapy is effective for treating psychotics only.
E) Freud placed too much emphasis on self-actualization.

Question 64

Humanistic theories are ________ about the nature of human personality.

A) skeptical
B) optimisti.
C) deterministi.
D) pessimistic
E) unconcerned

Question 65

A person's responses to a projective test are thought to reflect

A) current events.
B) daydreaming themes.
C) maladaptive patterns of behavior.
D) unconscious thoughts and feelings.
E) the effects of reciprocal determinism.

Question 66

Post-Freudian theorists changed psychodynamic personality theory through their

A) extension of personality development beyond childhood.
B) emphasis of urges over social variables.
C) expansion of the role of libidinal energy.
D) de-emphasis of ego defenses.
E) creation of the Thanatos concept.

Question 67

Jung's concept of the personal unconscious most resembles the concept of

A) internal locus of control.
B) external locus of control.
C) extraversion.
D) wish fulfillment.
E) the id.

Question 68

The neo-Freudian Carl Jung suggested the existence of a collective unconscious that contains images shared by all people called

A) schemas.
B) paradigms.
C) archetypes.
D) prototypes.
E) exemplars.

Question 69

Cheri went to see a psychologist who showed her several detailed pictures and asked her to explain what was going on in them. The psychologist was using the

A) TAT.
B) MMPI-2.
C) Cattell 16PF.
D) Blankenship.
E) Stanford-Binet.

Question 70

While at a Mexican restaurant, an attractive waitress asks Raul what kind of beer he would like. Instead of saying, "Dos Equis," he says, "Dos sexy." This accidental slip of the tongue could best be explained as

A) Thanatos.
B) the Oedipus complex.
C) a Freudian slip.
D) repression.
E) the superego.

Question 71

Freudian slips are believed to reveal

A) brain dysfunctions.
B) speech problems.
C) a mild form of mental retardation.
D) unconscious conflicts or desires.
E) physical hunger.

Question 72

The anima, the trickster, and the mother are examples of the Jungian concept of

A) ego defenses.
B) archetypes.
C) cardinal traits.
D) extraversion.
E) humors.

Question 73

What is one criticism of Rorschach tests?

A) They are inappropriate for use with children.
B) They are too simple in their administration and scoring.
C) They have poor consistency and accuracy.
D) They fail to take into account differences in the testing environments.
E) They do not take enough time to administer.

Question 74

Freud is to ________ as Jung is to the shadow archetype.

A) ego
B) animu.
C) id
D) denial
E) Thanato.

Question 75

Psychic determinism assumes that all mental and behavioral reactions are determined by

A) observing the reactions and behaviors of others.
B) unrelated signals that occur in the current situation.
C) unconscious memories, desires, or conflicts.
D) mentally controlling others without their awareness.
E) chance.

Question 76

Tony has devised a test in which people look at clouds and talk about what they see. What type of test would psychologists call this?

A) dynamic
B) projectiv.
C) objectiv.
D) predictive
E) standardized

Question 77

Freud is to sexuality as Jung is to

A) the ego.
B) the id.
C) spirituality.
D) the unconscious.
E) attachment.

Question 78

According to Jung, the memories and behavior patterns inherited from past generations are part of the

A) persona.
B) personal unconscious.
C) alter-ego.
D) collective unconscious.
E) anima.

Question 79

Ron often sees the shapes of animals in the clouds, and he tells his children stories about what the animals are doing. In psychological terms, what Ron is doing is most similar to

A) hallucinating.
B) taking a projective test.
C) having delusions.
D) taking an objective test.predictiv.
E) taking a personality inventory.

Question 80

Freud's influence is still evident today in

A) holistic medicine.
B) parapsychology.
C) pseudoscience.
D) advertising and marketing.
E) dietary choices.