Deck 12: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Hallucinations are to delusions as false perception is to

A) false beliefs.
B) intense fear.
C) mood.
D) repeated odd behaviors.
E) intrusive thoughts.

Answer 1

false beliefs.

Question 2

Nick is admitted to a mental institution because he hears voices talking to him that no one else can hear, and he sees demons attacking him, though no one else could see anything near him. Nick's symptoms are known as

A) delusions.
B) hallucinations.
C) obsessions.
D) compulsions.
E) syllogisms.

Answer 2

hallucinations.

Question 3

An example of ________ is when an adult claims to have an imaginary companion who tells him what to do.

A) unpredictability
B) maladaptiveness
C) observer discomfort
D) irrationalit.
E) distres.

Answer 3

irrationalit.

Question 4

The cognitive perspective views ________ as key factors in mental disorder.

A) how we perceive, feel, think, and remembe.
B) our unconscious influence.
C) our search for self-actualization
D) chemical imbalances
E) learning

Question 5

The television talks to Heidi. It tells her the police are out to get her. Because Heidi has schizophrenia, she is mostly experiencing a(n)

A) delusion.
B) flat affect.
C) evolution.
D) hallucination.
E) illusion.

Question 6

Joanna is experiencing severe anxiety. Her psychiatrist attributes her disorder to a chemical imbalance. Her psychiatrist is using the ________ of abnormality.

A) psychoanalytic mode.
B) intrapersonal model
C) biological psychology mode.
D) behavioral model
E) systems

Question 7

A serious criticism of the ________ model is that the patient becomes a passive recipient of treatment.

A) naturalistic
B) humor
C) medica.
D) psychodynamic
E) homeostatic

Question 8

Gigi, who has schizophrenia, believes that she was sent by God to one day rule the world. Her belief is an example of a(n)

A) phobia.
B) delusion.
C) alogia.
D) hallucination.
E) clang association.

Question 9

A person who experiences severe bouts of anxiety would be described as displaying

A) unpredictability.
B) distress.
C) psychosis.
D) unconventionality.
E) maladaptiveness.

Question 10

Ellie is a graduate student in psychology at the local university. She is interested in one day specializing in the study of abnormal behavior. What area of psychology should she focus on in school?

A) health psychology
B) psychopatholog.
C) psychobiolog.
D) developmental psychology
E) school psychology

Question 11

Shannon is seeking psychological help to get over an extreme fear of dogs. Someone who believes in the ________ approach is most likely to believe that Shannon fears dogs today as a result of being attacked by a pit bull when she was a teenager.

A) behaviora.
B) psychodynamic
C) cognitiv.
D) biological
E) social learning

Question 12

The experience of delusions or hallucinations in a person is a strong indicator of

A) personal distress.
B) psychodynamics.
C) physical illness.
D) psychopathology.
E) depression.

Question 13

A behavioral therapist is working with a depressed client. Which of the following causes is the most likely focus of this therapist's intervention?

A) learned behaviors of depressio.
B) unusual levels of neurotransmitters
C) negative interpretations of life event.
D) a superego that is too harsh and strict
E) hiding from one's own feelings and experiences

Question 14

You are a contestant on Jeopardy! and it is your turn. You say to Alex, "I'll take Ancient Explanations of Mental Illness for $100." The answer is, "His was the first recorded attempt to explain abnormal behavior as due to some physical causes." The smile on your face reveals the confidence you have as you say,

A) "Who is Sigmund Freud?.
B) "Who is Hippocrates?.
C) "Who is Carl Rogers?"
D) "Who is John Watson?"
E) "Who is Wilhelm Wundt?"

Question 15

Physicians trained in the medical model of mental disorder are most likely to treat their patients by

A) teaching about stress reduction.
B) probing their unconscious.
C) asking about patients' self-esteem.
D) exploring the patients' childhood.
E) prescribing medications.

Question 16

Linda is afraid of cats because when she was a little girl a cat scared her by jumping out of her closet and onto her face. As a result of this experience, Linda learned to be afraid of cats. Which model of abnormality offers the best explanation of Linda's fear?

A) cognitive
B) behaviora.
C) sociocultural
D) psychoanalyti.
E) Bandura

Question 17

During the Middle Ages, authorities involved in the Inquisition viewed mental illness as due to

A) genetics.
B) an imbalance of humors.
C) brain structure abnormality.
D) unconscious conflicts.
E) the Devil.

Question 18

Phoebe locks herself in her bedroom and refuses to see her family or go to work. Phoebe is displaying the ________ indicator of abnormality.

A) unconventionalit.
B) irrationality
C) maladaptivenes.
D) observer discomfort
E) unpredictability

Question 19

Psychological models of mental illness emphasize the contribution of

A) historical, sexual, and physical factors.
B) fear, anxiety, and stress.
C) cognitive, behavioral, social learning, developmental, and biological factors.
D) the family, the individual, and society.
E) the unconscious, our senses, and our preexisting beliefs.

Question 20

The view that mental disorders are diseases of the mind that have objective causes and require specific treatment is known as the

A) clinical model.
B) diathesis view.
C) medical model of mental disorder.
D) psychodynamic model.
E) psychotrauma model.

Question 21

________ has been referred to as the "common cold" of psychological problems.

A) Anxiety
B) Depression
C) A personality disorder
D) An eating disorder
E) Alcohol abuse

Question 22

Research suggests that depression may be related to

A) the brain neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin.
B) a genetic predisposition.
C) low brain wave activity of the left frontal lobe.
D) a viral infection.
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 23

Nicholas is a man who the local college students all think of as eccentric. Each day he stands on campus, smiling at people as they walk by, and he is known for his ever-present greeting of "Good Luck!" In fact, the students at this campus have come to refer to him as "Good Luck Nick." Nobody knows if he has a home or if he is destitute, but Nicholas never asks for anything. Which of the four criteria of mental illness might Nicholas satisfy?

A) maladaptivenes.
B) unconventionalit.
C) distress
D) unpredictability
E) all of these answers are correct

Question 24

A person suffering with major depressive disorder with seasonal pattern would be expected to be most depressed when

A) it is nighttime.
B) there is a full moon.
C) they travel to the South.
D) their sleep has been interrupted by noise.
E) it is winter.

Question 25

Padma is extremely confident and feels that lately she needs very little sleep. In addition, she reports that her thoughts seem to be going fast-similar to watching three television shows at once. Padma most likely is experiencing

A) a manic episode.
B) a dysthymic episode.
C) a loss of mental control.
D) a psychotic break.
E) catatonia.

Question 26

Major depressive disorder with seasonal pattern seems to be related to

A) low levels of thyroxine.
B) low levels of sunlight.
C) high levels of thyroxine.
D) high levels of sunlight.
E) high levels of dopamine.

Question 27

Which of the following is Mayberg's explanation for depressive disorders?

A) Depression is a result of learned helplessness.
B) Depression results when a person turns his or her anger inward on oneself.
C) Depression is a result of distortions in thinking.
D) Depression results from the brain's mood-regulating circuitry, external stresses, and biological vulnerability.
E) Depression is a result of a lack of self-acceptance and unconditional positive regard.

Question 28

Darcy is sitting at her desk in her office one day when, without warning, her heart begins racing rapidly, she has a sensation of being "out of her body," and she experiences dulled vision and hearing, rapid breathing, and sweating. She thinks she is having a heart attack. Nothing she is doing seems to have caused such an episode. Her symptoms MOST resemble

A) a phobia.
B) a panic attack.
C) posttraumatic stress.
D) an affective disorder.
E) a dissociative disorder.

Question 29

A person who feels euphoric and hyperactive may be experiencing

A) a panic attack.
B) a manic episode.
C) dementia.
D) a fugue.
E) illness anxiety disorder.

Question 30

Maria is a retired factory worker who lives with anxiety. Due to the fear of having anxiety attacks, she does not leave her house. This makes her feel trapped in her home, which creates distress. Which criterion would be most appropriate in deciding whether Maria's case represents an example of abnormality?

A) statistical rarity
B) distres.
C) unpredictabilit.
D) unconventionality
E) unpredictability

Question 31

Which cognitive event is hypothesized as contributing to the development and maintenance of major depression?

A) self-efficacy
B) learned helplessnes.
C) reciprocal determinis.
D) all-or-none thinking
E) an internal locus of control

Question 32

As part of a fraternity initiation ritual, Saul is instructed to interrupt a school basketball game by running on the court naked while singing the nursery rhyme "Twinkle Twinkle Little Star." If Sam complies with this ritual, his behavior would best illustrate

A) psychosi.
B) distress
C) disability
D) unconventionalit.
E) neurosis

Question 33

A person who bathes at least 15 times per day is displaying

A) distress.
B) irrationality.
C) unpredictability.
D) observer discomfort.
E) unconventionality.

Question 34

Nwoambi is a psychologist who is currently evaluating a new client. Dr. Nwoambi would most likely refer to the _________ to assist her in diagnosing her client's psychological disorder.

A) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM.
B) Physician's Desk Reference (PDR.
C) Textbook of Psychological Disorders (TPD)
D) Textbook of Physiological Disorders (TPD)
E) The International Pathology Reference Index (IPRI)

Question 35

Leo worries all of the time. He worries about his money, his children, and his dog. His muscles are always tense and sore, he has trouble sleeping, is often irritable, and has difficulty concentrating. Leo's symptoms sound most like ________ disorder.

A) pani.
B) conversion
C) generalized anxiet.
D) a dissociative
E) illness anxiety

Question 36

Whenever Greta thinks about her life, she automatically bursts into tears. This example most clearly illustrates the impact of ________ in psychological disorders.

A) distres.
B) defensiveness
C) denia.
D) disability
E) detraction

Question 37

You are a psychologist who is evaluating the behavior of a new client. The client tells you that he does not like to wear clothing and that he walks around nude most of the time. In addition, he tells you that he lives in a society in which clothing is required and nudity is seen as abnormal. Which of the following is NOT a criterion by which you evaluate your client's behavior as abnormal?

A) unconventionalit.
B) maladaptive
C) distres.
D) irrationality
E) unpredictability

Question 38

The tendency for some depressed persons to perpetuate depression by blaming themselves for negative events is termed ________ by Martin Seligman.

A) observer discomfort
B) learned helplessnes.
C) unconventionality
D) narcissis.
E) rumination

Question 39

The tendency for women to ________ may be one factor that accounts for their increased vulnerability to depression.

A) experience monthly changes in biochemistry
B) experience nutritional distress
C) outlive men
D) ruminate about their problem.
E) watch too much national medi.

Question 40

Dave, a graduate student, has difficulty talking to groups. Unfortunately, he has chosen a career in which he must speak to large groups of people. The night before a presentation, he tosses and turns, and the resulting lack of sleep makes the situation worse. When he makes a presentation, he often becomes confused and stumbles over his words. As a result, he feels worthless and miserable. Which two criteria of abnormal behavior are most useful in analyzing this case?

A) inability to function normally and statistical rarit.
B) distress and maladaptivenes.
C) statistical rarity and deviance from social norms
D) deviance from social norms and distress
E) distress and unpredictability

Question 41

What is the main difference between generalized anxiety disorder and phobic disorder?

A) Phobic disorder is linked to specific triggers, while generalized anxiety disorder is not linked to a specific trigger.
B) Generalized anxiety disorder is linked to a specific trigger, while phobic disorder is not linked to a specific trigger.
C) Generalized anxiety disorder is more common in women, and phobic disorder is more common in men.
D) Generalized anxiety disorder is more common in adults, while phobic disorder is more common in children.
E) Generalized anxiety disorder involves hyperactive serotonin receptors in the brain, while a phobic disorder involves hypoactive serotonin receptors in the brain.

Question 42

Arlene has an irrational fear of flying in airplanes. She is probably suffering from a

A) mania.
B) obsession.
C) compulsion.
D) specific phobia.
E) panic attack.

Question 43

A key feature of ________ disorder is psychological problems manifested in bodily symptoms and physical complaints.

A) bipola.
B) dissociative
C) organic mental
D) somatic sympto.
E) hallucinatory

Question 44

________ disorders are most usually indicated by "fragmentation" of the personality.

A) Conversio.
B) Psychogenic
C) Depressive
D) Dissociativ.
E) Obsessive-compulsive

Question 45

During his college years, Jacob often experienced episodes of intense fear accompanied by the fear that he might be dying. Jacob might have experienced a ________ disorder while in college.

A) personality
B) depressiv.
C) pani.
D) eating
E) somatic symptom

Question 46

While sitting in class, Sherman suddenly experiences a racing heart, clammy hands, dizziness, and shaking. Sherman has many of the symptoms typical of

A) DID.
B) a panic attack.
C) a fugue state.
D) irrationality.
E) a phobia.

Question 47

Steve's psychiatrist notes that Steve is experiencing a disruption of the usually integrated functions of Steve's personality. Therefore, Steve most likely has a(n)________ disorder.

A) schizophreni.
B) adjustment
C) dissociativ.
D) impulse-control
E) somatic symptom

Question 48

Freud explained conversion disorder as involving the conversion of

A) religious energy into psychological symptoms.
B) unconscious displacement of anxiety into physical symptoms.
C) obsessions into compulsions.
D) stress into panic.
E) physical symptoms into psychological problems.

Question 49

Ted runs from the biology laboratory straight to his therapist's office. He is sweating and fear is etched on his face. He asks the therapist to apologize to his teacher and says he hopes she will understand that his arachnophobia made it difficult for him to

A) speak in class.
B) dissect a cat.
C) look at a spider.
D) take a blood sample.
E) sit in a dark room.

Question 50

Fears of snakes, thunderstorms, darkness, and water are classified as ________ phobias.

A) specifi.
B) socia.
C) primary
D) innate
E) secondary

Question 51

A person who is overly concerned with physical health issues best fits into which DSM-5 category of disorders?

A) somatic sympto.
B) depressiv.
C) dissociative
D) personality
E) psychotic

Question 52

Your aunt has a fear that makes it difficult for her to leave her home and to be out in public and open spaces. She feels trapped and is unable to work or engage in any kind of activity that requires going outside of her home. You are not surprised when you find out your aunt is diagnosed with

A) trypanophobia.
B) odontophobia.
C) agoraphobia.
D) a specific phobia.
E) autophobia.

Question 53

Jaci has just become blind. The fact that there is no physical reason for this suggests that Jaci may be suffering from

A) conversion disorder.
B) observer discomfort.
C) panic disorder.
D) generalized anxiety disorder.
E) physical paranoia.

Question 54

The ________ suggests that we are innately predisposed to fear some stimuli more than others.

A) learned helplessness theor.
B) self-fulfilling prophecy
C) preparedness hypothesi.
D) halo effect theory
E) psychogenic phobia theory

Question 55

Which of the following is TRUE of obsessions?

A) They persist despite attempts to suppress them.
B) They are repetitive behaviors.
C) They can lead to euphoria.
D) They are obvious to the sufferer's friends.
E) They are usually pleasant.

Question 56

Each day, while Sid is sitting at his desk at work, he continually thinks about germs. Each time this occurs, he washes his hands. Sid probably suffers from

A) agoraphobia.
B) panic disorder.
C) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
E) bipolar disorder.

Question 57

Manny has such an intense fear of flying insects that he hardly ever goes outside his house during the summer months. He is probably suffering from a

A) somatic symptom disorder.
B) conversion reaction.
C) personality disorder.
D) specific phobia.
E) dissociative disorder.

Question 58

As Carol and Ken are leaving for a trip, Carol repeatedly asks Ken, "Did we turn off the coffee pot?" For their entire trip, Carol worries about the coffee pot. Carol's doubt about turning off the coffee pot is a(n)

A) obsession.
B) compulsion.
C) both an obsession and a compulsion.
D) neither an obsession nor a compulsion.
E) neurosis.

Question 59

Which occupation would be especially difficult for a person who suffers from acrophobia?

A) cashier
B) baseball umpir.
C) window washe.
D) emergency room nurse
E) college professor

Question 60

Alice is 15 years old and afraid to speak in class. She fears that anything she says will lead to enormous embarrassment. Alice might be classified as having

A) mysophobia.
B) paranoia.
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D) social anxiety disorder.
E) nosophobia.

Question 61

Briefly describe the following disorders: generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, and specific phobias

Question 62

Laurie, a 30-year-old homemaker, has been experiencing severe emotional disturbances along with other signs of psychosis. What type of disorder would Laurie likely be diagnosed with?

A) delusional disorde.
B) schizoaffective disorde.
C) schizotypal personality disorder
D) schizophrenia
E) dissociative identity disorder

Question 63

The police find a man who is disheveled and in a daze wandering through the downtown area. When the police ask him for his name, he seems bewildered. A search of missing persons photographs reveals that this man was reported missing three months ago in a town more than 700 miles away. The man is most likely suffering from

A) schizophrenia.
B) dissociative fugue.
C) dissociative amnesia.
D) dissociative identity disorder.
E) depersonalization disorder.

Question 64

After being abused throughout her childhood, Helen has three distinct personalities. One is aggressive, one is sexually promiscuous, and one is very timid. Helen most likely suffers from

A) dissociative identity disorder.
B) personality disorder.
C) psychogenic amnesia.
D) anxiety disorder.
E) conversion disorder.

Question 65

In a new model of conceptualizing mental disorders being considered by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), five core brain domains of these conditions are considered. The most basic of these domains is ________, which refers to the deep brain circuits that keep the brain operating.

A) social processes
B) executive functions
C) maintenance
D) punishments and threats
E) rewards

Question 66

Sal has decreased levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine in his frontal lobe areas. Which disorder might he be at risk of experiencing?

A) antisocial personality disorder
B) agoraphobi.
C) schizophreni.
D) dissociative fugue
E) panic attacks

Question 67

As a child psychologist, you are seeing Martin for the first time today. He presents with irritability, has a difficult time sitting still, interrupts both his parents and you during conversation, and cannot focus. It is most likely that Martin suffers from

A) depression.
B) autism.
C) ADHD.
D) dyslexia.
E) anxiety.

Question 68

Name, compare, and contrast the two main types of depressive disorders.

Question 69

Ned seeks therapy after having recurrent episodes of feeling "detached from himself" for several months, but he has not lost his self-awareness or memory. He notes that he feels like a robot, disconnected from his movements and actions. He is most likely suffering from

A) dissociative fugue.
B) conversion disorder.
C) dissociative identity disorder.
D) depersonalization/derealization disorder.
E) schizophrenia.

Question 70

Eve seeks treatment to learn how to relax. When her therapist hypnotizes her, her voice changes and someone claiming her name is "Joan" begins to speak. During therapy, 23 separate entities, each with its own name, personal style, and memories emerge. Eve appears to be suffering from ________ disorder.

A) depersonalization/derealizatio.
B) dissociative identit.
C) conversion
D) dissociative fugue
E) anxiety

Question 71

Abernathy studies the way in which exposure to environmental factors (such as chemicals or pollutants) might activate or deactivate a person's genes, resulting in certain mental disorders. Dr. Abernathy's field of study is

A) epigenetics.
B) behavioral genetics.
C) behavioral neuroscience.
D) mutation studies.
E) the human genome.

Question 72

A new model of conceptualizing mental disorders being considered by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) suggests categorizing these conditions based on five core brain "systems" or domains. They include all but which of the following?

A) maintenance
B) rewards
C) social processes
D) cultural factors
E) punishments and threats

Question 73

Which of the following supports a biological basis for schizophrenia?

A) You are not more likely to develop schizophrenia if you were mistakenly adopted at birth into a schizophrenic household.
B) Schizophrenia symptoms are alleviated by dopamine receptor blocking drugs.
C) Drugs that stimulate dopamine receptors induce schizophrenia symptoms.
D) Brain abnormalities in schizophrenic people have been found by imaging studies.
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 74

A person who is confused and experiencing hallucinations and who has bizarre thoughts and blunted emotions is most likely suffering from

A) bipolar disorder.
B) dissociative identity disorder.
C) antisocial personality disorder.
D) schizophrenia.
E) major depressive disorder with seasonal pattern.

Question 75

After being passed up for a promotion and then getting into a heated argument with his son, a man disappears. He shows up two weeks later in another town with no memory of who he is or how he got there. He appears to be suffering from

A) paraphilia.
B) schizophrenia.
C) a somatic symptom disorder.
D) dissociative fugue.
E) antisocial personality disorder.

Question 76

A patient in a psychiatric hospital exhibits disorganized thinking, abnormal behavior, and hallucinations. This person is probably suffering from

A) schizophrenia.
B) bipolar disorder.
C) a dissociative disorder.
D) passive-aggressive personality.
E) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 77

Describe the five indicators of abnormality.

Question 78

Discuss the symptoms and potential causes of schizophrenia. Name and describe the five dimensions of schizophrenia.
Globa.

Question 79

During the 1970s, Maurice worked for a home insulation company that regularly installed asbestos in homes and buildings. His exposure to this material caused certain genes in his body to "turn on," and this in turn led to his development of Alzheimer's disease later in life. This interaction between environmental factors and genetics is key to the study of

A) health psychology.
B) neurosurgery.
C) behavioral neurology.
D) psychiatry.
E) epigenetics.

Question 80

A child with autism spectrum disorder would be expected to

A) achieve functional language.
B) eventually develop the ability to interact socially.
C) have above-normal intelligence scores.
D) show evidence of strong musical talent.
E) lack a well-developed theory of mind.