Deck 62: Meiosis, Fertilization, and Early Development

Question 1

Which of the following primary germ layers develops into the linings of the digestive, respiratory, and urinary organs?

A) Periderm
B) Endoderm
C) Mesoderm
D) Exoderm
E) Ectoderm

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is not true of the process of meiosis?

A) It can also be called oogenesis in the female and spermatogenesis in the male.
B) Meiosis begins with a diploid parent cell that contains 46 chromosomes.
C) Meiosis ends with the production of diploid gametes that contain 23 chromosomes.
D) Meiosis consists of a double division.
E) All of these are true of meiosis.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is not true of the umbilical cord?

A) It is directly connected to the placenta.
B) There are two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein.
C) The umbilical arteries transport oxygen-rich blood from the placenta to the embryo.
D) The allantois forms part of the umbilical cord.
E) All of these are true of the umbilical cord.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which extraembryonic membrane encloses the embryo and contains protective fluid that cushions the embryo (and fetus)?

A) Allantois
B) Chorion
C) Ectoderm
D) Amnion
E) Yolk sac

Question 5

During which phase of meiosis do synapsis and crossing over occur?

A) Prophase I
B) Metaphase I
C) Telophase II
D) Prophase II
E) Anaphase I

Question 6

During which phase of meiosis do the centromeres of double-stranded chromosomes divide, followed by the sister chromatids moving toward opposite poles of the cell, and now being called single-stranded chromosomes?

A) Anaphase I
B) Metaphase II
C) Anaphase II
D) Telophase II
E) Metaphase I

Question 7

Meiosis occurs only during gametogenesis.

Question 8

During ovulation, which of the following structures is not expelled from the ovary?

A) All of the granulosa cells in the follicle
B) The secondary oocyte
C) The corona radiata
D) The zona pellucida
E) All of these are expelled from the ovary during ovulation.

Question 9

During cleavage divisions, there is an increase in both the number and size of the cells.

Question 10

Which of the following is not true of the polar bodies in the female?

A) There are typically two polar bodies for each oocyte that is fertilized, but sometimes there are three.
B) The polar bodies are approximately the same size as the oocyte.
C) The polar bodies eventually degenerate.
D) The function of expelling polar bodies is to rid the oocyte of unnecessary/excess genetic material.
E) All of these are true of the polar bodies in the female.

Question 11

All secondary oocytes complete the process of meiosis II.

Question 12

Crossing over occurs during both mitosis and meiosis.

Question 13

How long after fertilization does the blastocyst implant into the endometrium?

A) 1 day
B) 6-7 days
C) 2-3 days
D) 21 days
E) 13-14 days

Question 14

Which of the following structures produces early blood cells and the gonadal tissues of the embryo?

A) The amnion
B) The chorion
C) The ectoderm
D) The yolk sac
E) The allantois

Question 15

What is the fate of the trophoblast of the blastocyst?

A) It develops into the morula.
B) It develops into the embryo.
C) It develops into the zygote.
D) It develops into the inner cell mass.
E) It develops into the extraembryonic membranes and part of the placenta.

Question 16

The decidua basalis of the endometrium and the chorionic villi of the fetus grow together to form the

A) placenta.
B) blastocyst.
C) amnion.
D) ectoderm.
E) morula.