Deck 12: Organizational Culture and Change

Question 1

Ethnic subcultures or national subcultures are formed among persons who share the same skills and work responsibilities.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Ethnocentrism can creep into organizations and adversely affect the way people relate to one another.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The leaking pipeline problem gives an advantage to advancement by women and minorities in organizations.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Symbols are the tales about events conveying core values.

Question 5

Microaggressions are intentional structural biases.

Question 6

Core values are beliefs and values shared by organization members.

Question 7

The organizational culture is what you see and hear when walking around an organization as a visitor, a customer, or an employee.

Question 8

The observable culture is visible and readily apparent at the surface of every organization.

Question 9

The foundation for ethnocentrism is respect for the full value of human beings.

Question 10

Collaboration is the process of helping new members learn the cultures and values of the organization.

Question 11

Organizational culture is usually described from the perspective of two levels-the external level and the internal level.

Question 12

In the context of leaking pipeline problem, decisions of high-performing women to drop out of upward-tracking carrier paths are not always based on outright gender prejudice.

Question 13

In a truly multicultural organization, the organizational culture communicates and supports core values that respect and empower the full diversity of its members.

Question 14

Existence of biculturalism in an organization implies fear of discrimination among organizational subcultures.

Question 15

Occupational and functional subcultures are formed among people who work together and have roots in the same cultural community, country, or region of the world.

Question 16

Socialism is the belief that one's membership group or subculture is superior to all others.

Question 17

Enterprising cultures emphasize collaboration and trust according to LeadershipIQ's description of common organizational cultures.

Question 18

Workplace spirituality refers to inclusiveness, pluralism, and respect for diversity in the workplace.

Question 19

Organizational culture can have a big impact on performance through its influence on employees and customers.

Question 20

The glass ceiling leads to the leaking pipeline problem.

Question 21

The founder of Food-n-Serve believes feeding the homeless is a key component of the organization's success. Every year, the founder and employees serve free food in the local homeless shelters to support the founder's vision. This is an example of celebrating an organizational____ in the ____ culture.

A) hero; core
B) hero; observable
C) symbol; core
D) symbol; observable
E) ceremony; core

Question 22

Transformational change is at the top of the organizational change pyramid.

Question 23

The _____ is what one sees and hears when walking around an organization as a visitor, a customer, or an employee.

A) role culture
B) power culture
C) core culture
D) observable culture
E) person culture

Question 24

Planned change has a better chance of success when people are used to doing things the traditional way.

Question 25

Change leaders are risk-takers.

Question 26

Every year Food-n-Serve throws a party for all the employees. Employees that exceed expectations on their yearly evaluation get to eat first. The party is an example of ____ in the ____ culture.

A) heroes; core
B) heroes; observable
C) rites and rituals; core
D) rites and rituals; observable
E) symbols; core

Question 27

The "changing phase" is the first phase in Lewin's model for planned change.

Question 28

Chen's team has successfully completed one of the most important projects of the company. To recognize the long hours and the extra effort that Chen's team had put in, the organization gives them half a day off and organizes a team lunch. This is associated with which of the following organizational cultures?

A) Power culture
B) Core culture
C) Task culture
D) Observable culture
E) Role culture

Question 29

Education and communication are positive ways to deal with resistance to change that uses discussions, presentations, and demonstrations to educate people beforehand about a change.

Question 30

Transformational change is usually led from the bottom.

Question 31

Ideally, every manager should act as a change leader.

Question 32

A status quo leader is a change leader who is forward-looking, proactive, supportive of new ideas, and open to criticism.

Question 33

Lewin's model for planned change depicts change as a non-linear, dynamic process.

Question 34

In the context of change leadership, innovation is embraced by status quo managers.

Question 35

Bottom-up change tries to tap into ideas and initiative at lower organizational levels and lets them percolate upward.

Question 36

Jimi has been working at Drazer Inc., a consulting firm, for two days now. He is told by one of his colleagues about the different dos and don'ts of the organization, their values and beliefs, and the way people communicate and form groups. This information gives Jimi an insight into the:

A) turnover rate in the organization.
B) level of employee satisfaction in the organization.
C) culture of the organization.
D) degree of collectivism in the organization.
E) profile of his job at the organization.

Question 37

_____ is the system of shared beliefs and values that guides behavior in organizations.

A) Organizational culture
B) Organizational tactics
C) Organizational dynamics
D) Organizational motives
E) Organizational workflow

Question 38

When making changes, organizations should check benefits, compatibility, simplicity, and triability of the change.

Question 39

It is Beth's second month at her new job, and she has noticed that people dress casually every Friday. She feels that her co-workers are helpful, and her bosses are friendly. She is comforted by the fact that if in doubt she can always ask for help and not be afraid of being shunned and embarrassed. Which of the following organizational cultures has influenced Beth?

A) Observable culture
B) Power culture
C) Core culture
D) Task culture
E) Role culture

Question 40

_____ is the process through which new members learn the culture of an organization.

A) Unfreezing
B) Ethnocentrism
C) Socialization
D) Ethical reasoning
E) Creative visualization

Question 41

Which of the following scenarios is an example of the observable culture of an organization?

A) The prohibition of the use of camera phones in the office premises
B) The hostility toward whistleblowers
C) The rewarding of a team's achievement by conducting a team outing
D) The emphasis on deadlines
E) The encouragement of innovation

Question 42

Frenzen Inc., a tech support company, ensures that its employees are not overworked. The employees get half a day off every alternate Friday, when the men go to the local sports bar and the women hold their coffee club meetings. Which of the following subcultures is evident at the multicultural Frenzen Inc.?

A) Ethnocentric subculture
B) Generational subculture
C) Formal subculture
D) Occupational subculture
E) Functional subculture

Question 43

In a multicultural organization, minimum intergroup conflict ensures that:

A) diversity does not lead to destructive conflicts between members of majority and minority cultures.
B) a variety of training and task-force activities address the need to eliminate culture-group biases.
C) various forms of mentoring and support groups assist in the career development of minority-culture members.
D) minority-culture members are well represented in jobs at all levels and in all functional responsibilities.
E) members of both minority cultures and majority cultures are influential in setting key values and policies.

Question 44

Shapiro, who has made the maximum number of sales done in a day at Denrex Inc., a marketing company, is considered the best salesperson at the company. He is portrayed as a hero and a benchmark that others should reach. This gives an understanding of which of the following organizational cultures of the company?

A) Power culture
B) Core culture
C) Task culture
D) Observable culture
E) Role culture

Question 45

Which characteristic of multiculturalism implies that members of both minority cultures and majority cultures are influential in setting key values and policies?

A) Structural division
B) Pluralism
C) Integration
D) Absence of prejudice and discrimination
E) Minimum intergroup conflict

Question 46

At Ray's Café, the owner always treats the customer with respect, and if any customer complains about the quality of the coffee or cakes, the owner himself addresses the issue to the customer's satisfaction. This has ensured that Ray's Café has become a very popular coffee shop. This represents Ray's Café's _____.

A) power culture
B) task culture
C) core culture
D) peripheral culture
E) ceremonial culture

Question 47

Which of the following is based on the principle that people are inwardly enriched by meaningful work and a sense of personal connection with others inside and outside of the organization?

A) Ecological fallacy
B) Acculturation
C) Ethnocentrism
D) Power culture
E) Workplace spirituality

Question 48

At the corporate office in Texas, expatriates have been assigned mentors who guide them on new projects. The mentors familiarize the expatriates with American culture and ways of doing business. Which of the characteristics of multiculturalism is evident here?

A) Structural integration
B) Pluralistic differentiation
C) Informal network integration
D) Absence of prejudice and discrimination
E) Minimum intergroup conflict

Question 49

_____ are formed among persons who work together and share similar ages, such as Millennials and Baby Boomers.

A) Organizational sects
B) Generational subcultures
C) Ethnic subcultures
D) Gender subcultures
E) Functional subcultures

Question 50

Kidz-Candies Inc. is famous for its candies with international flavors such as "Tuscan-blue," "straw-berry." The company has experts from across the globe who develop new flavors from their country of origin. This has resulted in influence of various cultures on policies of the company. In the context of multicultural organizations, this is an example of _____.

A) structural integration
B) pluralism
C) informal network integration
D) ethnocentrism
E) minimum intergroup conflict

Question 51

Value-based management:

A) improves the observable culture of an organization.
B) increases an organization's tolerance for ambiguity.
C) communicates and enacts an organization's core beliefs.
D) suppresses the idea of innovation within the organization.
E) emphasizes the rigidity of the organization's regulations.

Question 52

In the context of multicultural organizations, _____ are groups of people who share similar beliefs and values based on their work or personal characteristics.

A) gender subcultures
B) organizational subcultures
C) core culture groups
D) generational subcultures
E) ethnocentric groups

Question 53

In multicultural organizations, informal network integration implies that:

A) diversity does not lead to destructive conflicts between members of majority and minority cultures.
B) a variety of training and task-force activities address the need to eliminate culture-group biases.
C) members of both minority cultures and majority cultures are influential in setting key values and policies.
D) various forms of mentoring and support groups assist in the career development of minority-culture members.
E) minority-culture members are well represented in jobs at all levels and in all functional responsibilities.

Question 54

_____ create(s) meaning and shared community among organizational members.

A) Ecological fallacy
B) Workplace spirituality
C) Workplace etiquette
D) Organizational ethics
E) Bureaucratic informality

Question 55

Which characteristic of multiculturalism implies that a variety of training and task-force activities address the need to eliminate culture-group biases?

A) Structural integration
B) Pluralistic differentiation
C) Informal network integration
D) Absence of prejudice and discrimination
E) Minimum intergroup conflict

Question 56

Food-n-SERVE's key goal is ensure the local homeless shelters have enough food. They also believe that employees should serve their communities, so they give their employees 40 hours a year to serve in the local community. The organization's focus on service is an example of focusing on organizational ____ in the ____ culture.

A) stories; core
B) stories; observable
C) symbols; core
D) symbols; observable
F) rites and rituals; core

Question 57

The _____ of an organization consists of the main values, or underlying assumptions and beliefs that shape and guide people's behaviors in an organization.

A) power culture
B) core culture
C) task culture
D) observable culture
E) role culture

Question 58

Which of the following is true about ethnocentrism?

A) It helps in bringing together people of various cultures.
B) It forms among people who work together and share similar ages.
C) It is the belief that one's membership group or subculture is superior to all others.
D) It forms among persons who work together and share the same gender identities.
E) It refers to the belief that women cannot handle senior positions in organizations.

Question 59

In the context of multicultural organizations, structural integration implies that:

A) diversity does not lead to destructive conflicts between members of majority and minority cultures.
B) a variety of training and task-force activities address the need to eliminate culture-group biases.
C) members of both minority cultures and majority cultures are influential in setting key values and policies.
D) various forms of mentoring and support groups assist in the career development of minority-culture members.
E) minority-culture members are well represented in jobs at all levels and in all functional responsibilities.

Question 60

The manager at Fillend Inc. noticed that his workforce displayed a very clear distinction between the old timers and the rest of the population. He decided to address this gap between the _____ that could affect the organization's performance.

A) organizational sects
B) generational subcultures
C) ethnic subcultures
D) gender subcultures
E) functional subcultures

Question 61

With respect to diversity leadership, the "affirmative action" management approach to diversity refers to:

A) creating upward mobility for minorities and women.
B) building quality relationships with respect for diversity.
C) achieving full utilization of diverse human resources.
D) adopting characteristics of majority cultures in order to succeed.
E) helping people better understand and respect individual differences.

Question 62

In the context of change leadership, _____ implies that change initiatives come from lower levels in the organization.

A) bottom-up change
B) radical change
C) transformational change
D) top-down change
E) frame-breaking change

Question 63

Which of the following is true of transformational change?

A) It is usually led from the top.
B) It is a modest, frame-bending change.
C) It does not intend to break and remake the system.
D) It involves gradual and continual change toward the desired result.
E) It involves evolutions in products, processes, technologies, and work systems.

Question 64

With respect to diversity leadership, the "valuing differences" leadership approach to diversity refers to:
A. creating upward mobility for minorities and women.
B. building quality relationships with respect for diversity.
C. achieving full utilization of diverse human resources.
D. adopting characteristics of majority cultures in order to succeed.
E. allowing members to reach their full potential.

Question 65

Edward, the director of Grover Inc., decides to make some changes in the structure of his organization. He believes that this will improve the performance of the organization. This change is an example of _____.

A) bottom-up change
B) incremental change
C) organic change
D) top-down change
E) frame-bending change

Question 66

Mexan Ltd. needs to handle its new account in the most effective and innovative way to ensure that its new client signs more contracts in the future. The enthusiastic team members of Danny's team come up with a number of innovative suggestions and strategies. However, Danny, fearing uncertainty and the unpredictability of a new process, rejects all the innovative ideas and asks his team to stick to the traditional way of working. Danny depicts the characteristics of a _____.

A) benevolent leader
B) change leader
C) proactive manager
D) democratic manager
E) status quo manager

Question 67

Which of the following is an invisible barrier to advancement by women and minorities in organizations?

A) Generational subcultures
B) Ethnocentrism
C) Multiculturalism
D) Glass ceiling
E) Revolving door

Question 68

With respect to diversity leadership, the "leading diversity" management approach refers to:

A) creating upward mobility for minorities and women.
B) building quality relationships with respect for diversity.
C) achieving full inclusivity and respect for all.
D) adopting characteristics of majority cultures in order to succeed.
E) helping people better understand and respect individual differences.

Question 69

Jim Bates from the corporate office in Ireland has been working at the American branch of Inventors Inc. since a month. He has joined American conversation classes to overcome his strong accent. Though he misses Irish food, he prefers to eat out with his American colleagues. This is an example of _____.

A) ethnocentrism
B) socialization
C) discrimination
D) biculturalism
E) diversity

Question 70

_____ are formed among persons who share the same skills and work responsibilities.

A) Cohort subcultures
B) Generational subcultures
C) Ethnic or national subcultures
D) Gender subcultures
E) Occupational and functional subcultures

Question 71

Which of the following is the main reason for the failure of top-down change?

A) The inability to include senior staff in the decision making process
B) The inability to apply it to use it to make major and comprehensive redirection of the organization
C) The unfair advantage given to the lower-level employees over the higher-level management
D) Its focus on too much dialogue and participation
E) Poor implementation strategies where lower-level inputs are not taken into consideration

Question 72

In the context of organizational change, _____ results in a major and comprehensive redirection of the organization.

A) bottom-up change
B) incremental change
C) transformational change
D) frame-bending change
E) continuous improvement change

Question 73

In the context of organizational change, _____ change bends and adjusts existing ways to improve performance.

A) radical
B) incremental
C) transformational
D) top-down
E) frame-breaking

Question 74

With respect to change leadership, which of the following implies initiation of change from senior management?

A) Bottom-up change
B) Incremental change
C) Frame-bending change
D) Top-down change
E) Organic change

Question 75

_____ occurs when minority members adopt characteristics of majority cultures in order to succeed.

A) Ethnocentrism
B) Nepotism
C) Discrimination
D) Biculturalism
E) Segregation

Question 76

Raybern's company is not able to meet targets, and this is affecting the company's revenues. Raybern decides to hold weekly meetings with employees from all functional levels of the organization to find a solution to the company's problem. He listens to the employees carefully, and based on their suggestions, he gradually implements certain changes in the organization. This is an example of _____.

A) bottom-up change
B) radical change
C) transformational change
D) top-down change
E) frame-breaking change

Question 77

Some employees at Altirol Inc. have decided to have inter-departmental basketball matches in the organization. There would be four teams: the accounting team, the finance team, the marketing team, and the product delivery team. Senior managers are concerned about this decision as they feel that the emphasis on _____ within their multicultural organization might have adverse effects on the combined workforce.

A) organizational sects
B) generational subcultures
C) ethnic subcultures
D) gender subcultures
E) functional subcultures

Question 78

Rene has noticed that in her organization, only men are promoted to the senior positions. She feels that she is as qualified as her male counterparts, but has been denied any promotion for the past two years. Though she likes her job, she feels unappreciated and decides to quit the organization. This is an example of _____.

A) the leaking pipe problem
B) a power distance culture
C) a generation subculture
D) a gender subculture
E) the functional silos issue

Question 79

Michael has been a manager at Rexgen Systems for two years. He is known to be a risk-taker and always waits for the next big project. He is a hard worker and takes initiative to handle critical issues. Michael is a _____.

A) passive manager
B) change leader
C) benevolent autocrat
D) group thinker
E) status quo manager

Question 80

A _____ in a multicultural organization takes initiative in trying to alter the behavior of another person or social system.

A) groupthinker
B) change leader
C) biculturalist
D) mediator
E) status quo manager