Deck 3: Perception: What You See Is What You Get

Question 1

Jacob and Trish view a series of events in different ways: Jacob says that he goes out drinking with the guys because she always fusses at him when he gets home; Trish says she fusses at him when he gets home because he always goes out drinking after work.Which term refers to this gap in perception between Jacob and Trish?

A) interpretation
B) perspective-taking
C) punctuation
D) selection

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which term refers to the exaggerated beliefs associated with a perceptual categorizing system?

A) cognitive complexity
B) punctuation
C) role constructs
D) stereotypes

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What concept is illustrated by the classification people according to age,sex,and physical attractiveness,rather than education or occupation?

A) figure-ground organization
B) perceptual differentiation
C) perceptual schemata
D) selection

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What is one reason that we notice some stimuli more than others in our environment?

A) They are mild.
B) They are singular.
C) They are changing.
D) They are emerging.

Question 5

Everyone in the family treats Auntie Em with extra gentleness.They describe her as "fragile." "She had a difficult life when she was young," they explain."Now she is fragile and will break down in tears at the drop of a hat!" What concept is the family is using to explain Auntie Em and the way they relate to her?

A) empathy
B) perceptual schemata
C) punctuation
D) stereotyping

Question 6

Five-year-old Xavier picks Alain as a friend because Alain is also five and likes Legos.Xavier does not realize that Alain's skin is a different colour from his own or that their families goes to different places of worship.What concept does this illustrate?

A) affiliation
B) interpersonal differentiation
C) perceptual schemata
D) selection

Question 7

In which phase of the perception process does the recognition of a "figure" as standing out from a "ground" of other stimuli take place?

A) interpretation
B) organization
C) selection
D) verification

Question 8

Which cognitive framework allows individuals to organize perceptual data that they have selected from the environment,including physical,role,interaction,psychological,and membership constructs?

A) perceptual selection
B) perceptual schemata
C) perceptual filters
D) perceptual stereotyping

Question 9

What are the four stages in the perception process?

A) awareness, cognition, intention, and action
B) assumption, expectation, experience, and response
C) selection, organization, interpretation, and negotiation
D) physiological, intellectual, psychological, and social

Question 10

What is the process whereby we assign meaning to the world around us?

A) organization
B) perception
C) cognition
D) selection

Question 11

You are able to pick out your sister's voice from the all the noise of conversation at a party.What organizational principle is this an example of?

A) figure-ground organization
B) interaction construct
C) membership construct
D) perceptual differentiation

Question 12

Rachel and Jim are police officers who work many shifts together.Rachel is annoyed with Jim's tendency to make jokes about everything.She previously ignored the jokes,but now she finds herself noticing every time Jim cracks a joke.What is this an example of?

A) interpretation
B) organization
C) punctuation
D) selection

Question 13

What is the first stage in the perception process,in which some data are chosen to attend to and others to ignore?

A) organization
B) cognition
C) selection
D) punctuation

Question 14

What is the stage in the perception process that involves arranging data in a meaningful way?

A) organization
B) cognition
C) selection
D) punctuation

Question 15

Andre has the TV on while studying.He doesn't notice most of what is on TV,but he looks up when a commercial comes on where the announcer is saying the same thing over and over again.Which selection factor does this highlight?

A) intense
B) motives
C) contrast or change
D) repetitious stimuli

Question 16

Thomas has been travelling abroad for over a month and he is getting homesick.He starts to notice maple leaf emblems on the backpacks of other Canadian travellers more than before.What is this an example of?

A) interpretation
B) organization
C) selection
D) sensation

Question 17

A Toronto survey recently found that black youth are much more likely to be stopped and searched by the police than youth from other racial backgrounds.What does this demonstrate?

A) perceptual schemata
B) stereotyping
C) verification
D) racism

Question 18

Jerry believes that men communicate more clearly than women.What is Jerry demonstrating?

A) perceptual schemata
B) cognitive complexity
C) stereotyping
D) verification

Question 19

After listening to the speaker for a few minutes,Rene identified him as a Conservative.What type of perceptual construct is Rene using?

A) interaction
B) membership
C) psychological
D) role

Question 20

Mary found the police officer who responded to her car accident to be compassionate and caring.What type of perceptual construct is Mary using?

A) interaction
B) membership
C) psychological
D) role

Question 21

Which factors influences the way we interpret behaviour?

A) expectations
B) self-disclosure
C) punctuation
D) selection

Question 22

Kris snaps at Merv over something that would normally not bother her.Later she apologizes and said she snapped because she was hungry.What type of influence on perception is this an example of?

A) social roles
B) shared narratives
C) physiological influences
D) interpretation

Question 23

Which term refers to the stories we use to describe our personal worlds?

A) negotiation
B) interpretation
C) punctuation
D) narratives

Question 24

Which of the following best exemplifies a cultural perceptual difference?

A) Instructors and students often disagree about examinations.
B) Some Canadians disagree about the acceptability of abortion.
C) Women are expected to be emotionally expressive while men aren't.
D) Direct eye contact between the sexes is viewed differently in North and South America.

Question 25

Which step in the perception process can be understood as an exchange of narratives?

A) negotiation
B) punctuation
C) organization
D) interpretation

Question 26

Which term refers to the attitude that one's own culture is superior to others?

A) stereotyping
B) racism
C) cognitive complexity
D) ethnocentrism

Question 27

Your textbook highlighted the personal story of Christa Kilvington.Christa discusses how different people talk to her based on what they know about her.Why does Christa believe she is being treated disrespectfully by some people?

A) because she is a racial visible minority
B) because of her sexual orientation
C) because of her sex
D) because of her income level

Question 28

Susan had a bad experience with a female teacher in the past and now she is skeptical of female teachers in general.What aspect of interpretation does this demonstrate?

A) personal experience
B) assumptions about human behaviour
C) attitudes
D) expectations

Question 29

Debbie believes that most people try to do as little work as possible.Which aspect of interpretation does her belief demonstrate?

A) personal experience
B) assumptions about human behaviour
C) attitudes
D) expectations

Question 30

Quin and Sadie share an office at the social service agency.Quin is complains that Sadie is disorganized,which makes the office a mess.Sadie thinks there is nothing wrong with being disorganized and that Quin has to lighten up.As they listen to each other,they begin to change their viewpoints.What step in the perception process is this an example of?

A) compromise
B) interpretation
C) negotiation
D) organization

Question 31

Shefali says that she works out in the evenings instead of the afternoons because her boyfriend Anil is always late coming home from work.Anil says he doesn't bother to rush home from work because Shefali is always working out.Which term refers to the difference in perspective between Shefali and Anil?

A) interpretation
B) perspective-taking
C) punctuation
D) selection

Question 32

Where is talk viewed as desirable and useful for both task and social purposes?

A) in the Asian culture
B) in the Western culture
C) in developing countries
D) in collectivistic cultures

Question 33

What is the process of determining the causal order of events?

A) negotiation
B) interpretation
C) punctuation
D) narratives

Question 34

Heather and Jason have been married for many years and love to share stories of their family trips.After they reminisce,they feel closer to each other.What are they engaged in?

A) negotiation
B) narratives
C) interpretation
D) perception

Question 35

What does "interpretation" refer to in the perception process?

A) attaching meaning to sense data
B) arranging sense data in a meaningful way
C) determining the sense data that should be attended to
D) considering the perspectives of others in trying to arrive at an accurate understanding of your own

Question 36

Which of the following best describes Indigenous perceptions of time?

A) by-the-clock
B) event driven
C) experiential
D) linear

Question 37

What is the process of attaching meaning to sense data?

A) negotiation
B) interpretation
C) punctuation
D) narratives

Question 38

Lee is from a part of the world where it is considered proper to stand very close to the person with whom you are conversing.When Lee came to Canada he felt most Canadians were somewhat unfriendly and reserved because most Canadians he spoke with stood further away from him than he was used to.What is interfering with Lee's communication?

A) cognitive complexity
B) ethnocentrism
C) punctuation
D) stereotyping

Question 39

How do some Indigenous people view time?

A) Time is event-driven.
B) Time is a linear series of events.
C) What is occurring at the moment is most important.
D) Whatever is happening next is most important.

Question 40

What occurs between and among people as they influence one another's perceptions and try to achieve a shared perspective?

A) negotiation
B) interpretation
C) punctuation
D) narratives

Question 41

Which term refers to the tendency to interpret and explain information in a way that casts the perceiver in the most favourable manner?

A) self-serving bias
B) situational constraints
C) the needs and biases of others
D) attribution

Question 42

Amy and Billy are siblings and they are both very assertive children.According to the textbook,how will their parents most likely view this behaviour?

A) They see this behaviour as positive for both Amy and Billy.
B) Each parent will view the behaviour differently depending on their personal beliefs and values.
C) They will view Billy's assertiveness more favourably than Amy's.
D) They will view Amy's assertiveness more favourably than Billy's.

Question 43

A nurse,Patty,and a police officer,Ahmed,are in a grocery store when they see a man stumbling and knocking things over.The police officer assumes than man is intoxicated; the nurse assumes the man is having some kind of medical emergency.What perception concept is this an example of?

A) relational roles
B) occupational roles
C) gender roles
D) cultural roles

Question 44

"When I saw you having lunch with Emily,I figured you liked her more than me.Is that the case?" What is missing from this perception check?

A) It doesn't describe behaviour.
B) It has only one interpretation.
C) It doesn't request clarification.
D) It doesn't describe an outcome.

Question 45

Gladys assumes that all her colleagues are willing to work overtime because she believes that people are willing to do whatever it takes to get the job done.A report is due and Gladys assumes that her team will all stay late to get it done; however,no one is willing to do so.Which attribution error does this scenario demonstrate?

A) assuming that others are similar to us
B) self-serving bias
C) being influenced by the obvious
D) clinging to first impressions

Question 46

According to the textbook,personal odours play a key role in the communication of some cultures.Anthropologist Edward Hall describes how visiting North American diplomats tend to put on their best manners and avoid breathing in people's faces.What would the action of the North American diplomats communicate to people from a Middle Eastern country?

A) dishonesty
B) power
C) respect
D) shame

Question 47

Which of the following is a complete perception check?

A) a request for clarification about how to interpret the behaviour correctly
B) a description of behaviour and two possible interpretations of the behaviour
C) a description of the behaviour you have noticed and a request for clarification
D) a description of behaviour, two possible interpretations of the behaviour, and a request for clarification

Question 48

"I figure you're either upset with me or worried about your test for your nursing theory class.Is it one of those?" What is missing from this perception check?

A) It doesn't describe behaviour.
B) It has only one interpretation.
C) It doesn't request clarification.
D) It doesn't describe an outcome.

Question 49

Which term refers to the tendency to form an overall positive impression on the basis of one positive characteristic?

A) inaccurate perception
B) halo effect
C) attribution
D) stereotyping

Question 50

What is the process of attaching meaning to behaviour?

A) inaccurate perception
B) halo effect
C) attribution
D) stereotyping

Question 51

Which term refers to the social and psychological expectations that are placed on females and males?

A) sex
B) gender
C) gender roles
D) social roles

Question 52

"When you bought that pink shirt,I figured you did it just to please me or you really liked how you looked in it." What is missing from this perception check?

A) It doesn't describe behaviour.
B) It has only one interpretation.
C) It doesn't request clarification.
D) It doesn't describe an outcome.

Question 53

Your friend Becky introduces you to her new boyfriend Jeff.Jeff is very attentive towards Becky; this is a quality you admire.You start telling all your friends that Jeff is the best boyfriend in the world and that Becky is lucky to have found him.What is this an example of?

A) inaccurate perception
B) halo effect
C) attribution
D) stereotyping

Question 54

What can sometimes distort one's own perceptions?

A) a self-serving bias
B) situational constraints
C) the needs and biases of others
D) acknowledging the fact that people are different

Question 55

Kelly interviews for a job that she is excited about and for which she has all of the qualifications.Kelly has had a number of jobs throughout her career.Kelly is obese,and after her interview one of the panel members wonders if Kelly has had a lot of jobs because she is a poor employee.However,one of the other applicants also had many jobs but this wasn't questioned.Which attribution errors is being demonstrated in this scenario?

A) halo effect
B) devil effect
C) stereotyping effect
D) gender bias effect

Question 56

Which of the following is a cause of inaccurate perception?

A) We look beyond the obvious.
B) We tend to assume others are similar to us.
C) We judge ourselves more negatively than others.
D) We tend to favour positive impressions of people over negative impressions.

Question 57

What did researchers find when studying how teachers interact with students?

A) Males are called upon more often and professors wait longer for them to answer.
B) Females are called upon more often and professors wait longer for them to answer.
C) Males are interrupted more often, are asked lower-order questions, and are given less positive nonverbal feedback for their responses.
D) Females are interrupted less often, are asked higher-order questions, and are given more positive nonverbal feedback for their responses.

Question 58

Which term refers to the tendency to form an overall negative impression on the basis of one negative characteristic?

A) devil effect
B) halo effect
C) attribution
D) stereotyping

Question 59

Harold judges Ahmet harshly when he makes a mistake at work and he complains that Ahmet never listens.Recently Harold made a mistake at work and he believed that his mistake was due to unclear directions.Which attribution error is this an example of?

A) assuming that others are similar to us
B) halo effect
C) devil effect
D) self-serving bias

Question 60

"When you didn't do the grocery shopping today like you usually do,I figured you weren't feeling good or you were angry at me." What is missing from this perception check?

A) It doesn't describe behaviour.
B) It has only one interpretation.
C) It doesn't request clarification.
D) It doesn't describe an outcome.

Question 61

What are the three dimensions of empathy?

A) perspective taking, emotions, and concern
B) perspective taking, concern, and cognitive complexity
C) perspective taking, emotions, and cognitive complexity
D) perspective taking, cognitive complexity, and sympathy

Question 62

Eli failed his nursing anatomy exam.Eli didn't study much for the exam and he missed a number of classes throughout the semester.Eli believes that he failed because the Professor had unreasonable expectations and didn't do a good job of teaching the material.What is Eli demonstrating?

A) attribution
B) self-serving bias
C) halo effect
D) cognitive complexity

Question 63

What does the pillow method do?

A) It increases your perception checking skills.
B) It increases your cognitive complexity.
C) It strengthens your empathy skills.
D) It enhances your perspective taking skills.

Question 64

Soren discovers that doing business in Tokyo is different than in Calgary.His attempts to use perception checking to clarify communication with his Japanese clients are considered by them to be aggressive and threatening.Why is this?

A) Soren's nonverbal behaviour may be inappropriate.
B) The Japanese clients need to learn to be more assertive.
C) The collectivistic Japanese culture values a group approach over an individual one.
D) The high context Japanese culture does not value clarity as much as Canadian culture does.

Question 65

You communicate to a friend how sorry you felt after hearing about the break-up of his or her relationship.What is this an example of?

A) empathy
B) sympathy
C) role-taking
D) perception-checking

Question 66

How is empathy related to perception?

A) The more perceptive you are, the less empathetic you need be.
B) The more perceptive you are, the easier it is to forget to be empathetic.
C) Empathy and perception both require a high level of self-monitoring.
D) Empathy is facilitated by trying to perceive things from the other person's point of view.

Question 67

Which of the following will using a perception check help prevent?

A) physiological noise
B) excessive feedback
C) inaccurate decoding of messages
D) negative self-fulfilling prophecies

Question 68

Which term refers to the ability to construct a variety of frameworks for viewing an issue?

A) perception checking
B) cognitive complexity
C) the pillow method
D) empathy

Question 69

Curt is trying to understand Amy's behaviour.What is Curt engaging in?

A) cognitive complexity
B) sympathy
C) perception checking
D) perspective taking

Question 70

What is the best course of action when you can't find any reasons to accept the behaviour of another person?

A) Use the Pillow Method.
B) Use perception checking.
C) Examine your own self-concept.
D) Use a different communication channel.

Question 71

Which statement best describes sympathy?

A) It involves feeling sorry for the other person.
B) It involves understanding the other's feelings.
C) It involves agreeing with the other's point of view.
D) It involves having compassion for the other person.

Question 72

"I'm not sure why you bought me that present.Maybe you were hoping I wouldn't be angry at you because of what you said last night.I'd like to know what your reason was." What is missing from this perception check?

A) It doesn't describe behaviour.
B) It has only one interpretation.
C) It doesn't request clarification.
D) It doesn't describe an outcome.

Question 73

At what position of the Pillow Method do you change from a self-centred perspective to one that considers the other person's perspective?

A) Both right, both wrong.
B) You're right, I'm wrong.
C) There is truth in all perspectives.
D) The issue isn't as important as it seems to me.

Question 74

What is necessary in order to best understand another person's perception of a problem?

A) Talk with the person.
B) Assume that person's social role.
C) Spend time in that person's culture or subculture.
D) Experience that person's physiological differences.

Question 75

Where are perception checks most likely to work well?

A) in collectivistic cultures
B) in high context cultures
C) in low context cultures
D) in almost any culture

Question 76

"When you gave me an F on my essay about why I want to be a Child and Youth Worker,I figured you hated me.Right?" How could you improve this perception-checking statement?

A) Describe the behaviour.
B) Give another interpretation.
C) Request clarification.
D) Request an outcome.

Question 77

Which statement describes empathy?

A) It involves feeling sorry for the other person.
B) It involves understanding the other's feelings.
C) It involves agreeing with the other's point of view.
D) It involves having compassion for the other person.

Question 78

What is the benefit of position 3 of the Pillow Method?

A) It can lead you to be less critical and more understanding of another's point of view.
B) It can help you realize that most concerns are less important than we make them out to be.
C) Switching perspectives reveals some merits in the other person's point of view.
D) Everyone is happy since all needs are being met.

Question 79

What elements of the perception process are addressed through perception checking?

A) selection and interpretation
B) selection and organization
C) organization and interpretation
D) selection, organization, and interpretation

Question 80

The nursing team on the oncology unit has won the "Superteam Hospital Award." According to the textbook,what are the characteristics that make them a superteam?

A) They are success-driven, committed to quality, flexible but consistent, leader valuing, and people valuing.
B) Everyone works hard and supports each other.
C) They have been injury-free for the past year and everyone is very contentious about safety.
D) They have the lowest number of sick days used over the past year.