Deck 8: Communication and Relational Dynamics

Question 1

Which term refers to the process of getting to know others by gaining more information about them?

A) relational maintenance
B) experimenting
C) bonding
D) uncertainty reduction

Answer 1

D

Question 2

What does relational maintenance refer to?

A) communication aimed at keeping relationships operating smoothly and satisfactorily
B) a counselling method used with married or common-law couples
C) a communication model used in the workplace to ensure amicable working relationships
D) couples who excel with their communication skills

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What is a socioeconomic theory of relational development that suggests people seek relationships in which the rewards they receive from others are equal to or greater than the costs they encounter?

A) social exchange
B) relational development
C) relational maintenance
D) cost benefit analysis

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Pedro and Rebecca are two ordinary-looking young adults who met last year,developed a friendship and have fallen in love.What is likely to occur in their relationship over the next few years?

A) They will view each other as more physically attractive.
B) Physical factors will become more of a factor in their mutual attraction.
C) They will develop differences that reduce the attraction they initially felt.
D) Social factors will decline in importance as a factor in their mutual attraction.

Question 5

Symbolic public gestures that show the world that a relationship exists.In what stage of an interpersonal relationship doe these gestures usually occur?

A) bonding
B) experimenting
C) integrating
D) intensifying

Question 6

According to social exchange theory,we often seek out people who can give us something specific.What can these people give us?

A) something in exchange for what we give them
B) social and emotional rewards rather than physical ones
C) rewards at least equal to the costs we pay in the relationship
D) social, emotional, and physical rewards without demanding anything of us

Question 7

Which term refers to the first stage in relational development,in which the parties express interest in one another?

A) initiating
B) relational maintenance
C) experimenting
D) bonding

Question 8

Which stage of interpersonal relationships is an engagement ring an example of?

A) integrating
B) intensifying
C) bonding
D) experimenting

Question 9

"Why don't you go ahead and visit your friends without me this weekend.I'll stick around and catch up on my studies." What relational stage does this statement exemplify?

A) avoiding
B) differentiating
C) integrating
D) terminating

Question 10

Alexis and Jason grew up in the same neighbourhood,went to the same school,had the same group of friends,and went to the same church.As teenagers they developed a relationship and later married in their 20s.Which of the following is likely the reason for their relationship?

A) self-disclosure
B) proximity
C) complementarity
D) competence

Question 11

Pierre and Jose met in a nursing class and,after chatting a few times,discovered they both enjoy lacrosse.Pierre invited Jose to join him tonight for a team practice.What stage of relational development are Pierre and Jose in?

A) circumscribing
B) experimenting
C) initiating
D) intensifying

Question 12

What type of people are we usually attracted to?

A) those who are like us
B) those who are our opposite
C) those who are highly competent
D) those who are high self-disclosers

Question 13

Sean and Sharon have been living together for a year.Recently Sean has started going to the gym again like he did before they moved in together.Sharon is taking an art class.What stage of relational development are Sean and Sharon in?

A) avoiding
B) differentiating
C) experimenting
D) normalizing

Question 14

Which of the following occurs in the intensifying stage of interpersonal relationships?

A) the parties spend less time together
B) the parties' communication lessens
C) the parties begin to refer to themselves as "we"
D) the parties begin to take on an identity as a social unit

Question 15

Which term refers to the stage of relational development in which the parties begin to take on a single identity?

A) bonding
B) intensifying
C) integrating
D) initiating

Question 16

What is a tangible reward in social exchange theory?

A) employment
B) friendship
C) group membership
D) social status

Question 17

When do opposites attract?

A) when they are polar opposites
B) when the differences are mild
C) when the differences are complementary
D) when the partners are aware of the differences

Question 18

Amki notices Jason,a nurse who works in a different department than her at the hospital.Amki approaches Jason,introduces herself,and shakes his hand.They then proceed to make small talk about the weather.What stage of relational development are Amki and Jason in?

A) experimenting
B) intensifying
C) initiating
D) integrating

Question 19

Philippe is attracted to Burt.Philippe engages Burt in small talk and discovers they both play the guitar.They continue to engage in a conversation,gaining more information about each other.What are they engaged in?

A) intensifying
B) uncertainty reduction
C) bonding
D) circumscribing

Question 20

Which type of self-disclosure is important in developing relationships?

A) Disclosing private information the first time you meet someone.
B) Disclosing everything about yourself.
C) Getting back the amount and kind of information equivalent to that which you reveal.
D) Self-disclosure that is one-sided.

Question 21

Rolls studied what happens to women as their romantic relationships fell apart.In what stage did women reach a new level of self-actualization?

A) pivotal moment
B) recovery phase
C) interim phase
D) enlightenment

Question 22

Which term refers to the stage of relational development in which parties begin to reduce the scope of their contact and commitment to one another?

A) circumscribing
B) differentiating
C) integrating
D) terminating

Question 23

Andre and Daniel have blended their families.They have decided to come up with new family traditions as a way to bring the new family together.Which strategy are they using to manage the dialectic tensions in their relationship?

A) recalibration
B) integration
C) reaffirmation
D) recognition

Question 24

Leslie had a bad day at work and she doesn't feel like talking about it with her partner Laura.Which dialectic is this?

A) cohesion-differentiation
B) connection-autonomy
C) openness-privacy
D) predictability-novelty

Question 25

Dom and Steve have been best friends for a long time.They used to hang out together on an almost daily basis and they talked about whatever was on their minds,no matter how personal.Recently,Steve found a romantic partner and now Dom and Steve don't spend as much time together.Steve doesn't share personal issues with Dom like he did before.What stage of relational development are Dom and Steve in?

A) circumscribing
B) differentiating
C) integrating
D) terminating

Question 26

What results from conflicting desires for both intimacy and the lack of intimacy in an interpersonal relationship?

A) cohesion-differentiation dialectic
B) connection-autonomy dialectic
C) openness-privacy dialectic
D) predictability-novelty dialectic

Question 27

When two opposing or incompatible forces exist simultaneously in an interpersonal relationship,there is a struggle to achieve opposing goals.What is this struggle called?

A) collectivistic tension
B) differentiation
C) dialectical tension
D) interpersonal proximity

Question 28

Which of the following is one of the five maintenance strategies that couples use to keep their relationships satisfying?

A) constructive criticism
B) courteous behaviour
C) household responsibilities clearly designated
D) social networks

Question 29

Susan had recognized that there will always be dialectic tension in her relationship.By recognizing this,which strategy is Susan using to manage the dialectic tension in her relationship?

A) recalibration
B) integration
C) reaffirmation
D) recognition

Question 30

Which relational transgression occurs when you purposely make a cruel comment because you know it will hurt the person's feelings?

A) social versus relational
B) minor versus significant
C) one-time versus incremental
D) deliberate versus unintentional

Question 31

Which dialectic tension is least likely to occur when a couple moves from bonding to differentiating?

A) connection vs. autonomy
B) openness vs. privacy
C) predictability vs. novelty
D) uniqueness vs. conformity

Question 32

Sandra can always predict what her partner Trevor will do when he comes home from work.Sandra is getting bored with the routine; however,she always appreciates that she can always rely on him.Which dialectic is this?

A) cohesion-differentiation
B) connection-autonomy
C) openness-privacy
D) predictability-novelty

Question 33

What does relational commitment refer to?

A) an implied or explicit promise to remain and make a relationship successful
B) an example of a successful relationship
C) a commitment to a romantic partner only
D) a commitment to a family member only

Question 34

Tara has decided to reframe her husband's lack of interest in social connections as being introverted.Which strategy is Tara using to manage the dialectic tensions her relationship?

A) recalibration
B) integration
C) reaffirmation
D) recognition

Question 35

What results from conflicting desires for interaction and independence in an interpersonal relationship?

A) cohesion-differentiation dialectic
B) connection-autonomy dialectic
C) openness-privacy dialectic
D) predictability-novelty dialectic

Question 36

Which term refers to the stage of relational development characterized by declining enthusiasm and standardized forms of behaviour?

A) circumscribing
B) differentiating
C) stagnating
D) terminating

Question 37

Which dialectic refers to the tension between a desire for stability and the need for novelty in a relationship?

A) cohesion-differentiation
B) connection-autonomy
C) openness-privacy
D) predictability-novelty

Question 38

When Jessica and Peter first met they were crazy about each other and wanted to spend all of their time together,which they did doing a variety of activities.After being together for over a year Jessica and Peter have the same routine every day and neither one of them is very happy about it.Which stage of relational development are they in?

A) circumscribing
B) differentiating
C) stagnating
D) terminating

Question 39

The text mentions two self-help books: one American,called How to Say No Without Feeling Guilty,and one Japanese,called 16 Ways to Avoid Saying No.What point is the textbook making by citing these two books?

A) There is a need for better communication world-wide.
B) It is difficult in any culture to give negative messages.
C) Cultures deal with negative emotions, such as guilt, in different ways.
D) There is a clash between the values of low context and high context cultures.

Question 40

Jeff loves his girlfriend Julie and enjoys spending time with her; however,he also enjoys his independence and time away from Julie.This causes tension in their relationship at times.What concept does this situation illustrate?

A) openness-privacy dialectic
B) avoiding dialectic
C) predictability-novelty dialectic
D) connection-autonomy dialectic

Question 41

According to the social penetration model,what does the act of talking about personal topics refer to?

A) breadth
B) depth
C) range
D) self-disclosure

Question 42

According to the text,what are the dimensions of intimacy?

A) emotional, intellectual, sexual, and social
B) social, emotional, physical, and sexual
C) emotional, intellectual, physical, and sexual
D) emotional, intellectual, physical, and shared activities

Question 43

What did Altman and Taylor design the social penetration model to do at its most basic level?

A) define a relationship in terms of its breadth and depth
B) help identify why certain relationships are strong or weak
C) show ways in which a relationship can be more or less intimate
D) suggest how relationships can operate on superficial or more personal levels

Question 44

What are the four quadrants of the Johari Window?

A) broad, narrow, blind, and unknown
B) known, unknown, self, and others
C) open, closed, neutral, and unknown
D) open, hidden, blind, and unknown

Question 45

What must be included in a statement in order for it to qualify as self-disclosure?

A) It must involve emotional content.
B) It must involve intimate information.
C) It must be intentional, significant, and not previously known.
D) It must be reciprocated by the same type of statement from a partner.

Question 46

Why does intimacy develop more rapidly on mediated communication,such as Facebook?

A) People can control how they are presented visually.
B) People are often deceitful and will tell the other person what they want to hear.
C) There are privacy settings to control levels of disclosure.
D) Shy people can forget about some of their social anxieties.

Question 47

Which country has the highest rates of self-disclosure?

A) United States
B) Canada
C) Japan
D) Taiwan

Question 48

Which of the following illustrates a dimension of intimacy?

A) two strangers exchanging a glance at a party
B) two friends going fishing one Saturday every month
C) a professional email exchange between co-workers
D) saying good morning to your neighbour

Question 49

Angelina is slowly withdrawing from her husband,Tony.Which relational transgression is this an example of?

A) social versus relational
B) minor versus significant
C) one-time versus incremental
D) deliberate versus unintentional

Question 50

To repair damaged relationships,an apology requires three elements.Which of the following is NOT one of the elements?

A) an explicit acknowledgment that the transgression was wrong
B) some type of compensation
C) a commitment to right the wrong
D) a sincere apology

Question 51

Which statement best describes disclosure in collectivistic cultures?

A) People wait to be invited into a conversation.
B) Outsiders are addressed informally but respectfully.
C) People reach out to strangers to include them in their group.
D) Unfavourable information about in-group members is publicly discussed for the good of the entire group.

Question 52

Wanda caught her husband Brendon looking at pornography.She was deeply hurt and disgusted with Brendon.Brendon apologized,saying "I'm so sorry.I know it will be hard for you to trust me now.I want you to monitor my web use from now on so I'm accountable to you." Which of the following required elements of a full apology is missing from Brendon's statement?

A) compensation for Wanda
B) an explicit acknowledgement of his transgression
C) a detailed account of all the wrong he did and how it hurt Wanda
D) there is nothing missing in this apology

Question 53

What does the Johari Window suggest about self-disclosure in relationships?

A) Risk should be considered when self-disclosing.
B) Both breadth and depth of self-disclosure are important.
C) Self-disclosure occurs through several types of information shared.
D) One person may receive disclosure from the other that is unintentional.

Question 54

Which statement best describes the relative sizes of each area in one's personal Johari Window?

A) They remain relatively constant.
B) They are dependent on our gender.
C) The open areas become larger as we mature.
D) They change according to our relationship with the other person.

Question 55

According to research,which area showed the greatest differences between Asian and European social behaviour?

A) expressing humour
B) expressing intimacy
C) expressing respect
D) greeting behaviour

Question 56

Which statement is a complete statement of forgiveness?

A) "I forgive you for what you've done."
B) "It will take time to trust you again but I will try my best."
C) "I believe you're sorry and I forgive you. I want to tell you the pain this has caused me."
D) "You hurt me badly but I hear that you're sorry and I accept that. What will you do to ensure this never happens again?"

Question 57

Which of the following best exemplifies the definition of self-disclosure?

A) telling your spouse your weight
B) telling your friend how they hurt you
C) telling a classmate what courses you're taking
D) telling your college teacher about your writing problems

Question 58

In male friendships,what often takes the place of the emotional expression found in female friendships?

A) intellectual exchange
B) joking
C) shared activities
D) story telling

Question 59

According to the social penetration model,what does the act of talking about a variety of topics refer to?

A) breadth
B) depth
C) range
D) self-disclosure

Question 60

What is required in an apology that will be successful in repairing a damaged relationship?

A) sincerity
B) an acknowledgement of the transgression and a sincere apology
C) an acknowledgement of the transgression, a sincere apology, and some form of compensation
D) a detailed review and acknowledgement of the transgression, a sincere apology, and some form of compensation.

Question 61

When considering workplace communication,what does the terms "assimilation" refer to?

A) the socialization of employees in the workplace
B) the integration of new employees into the organization
C) the conformity of new employees to the beliefs and practices of the organization
D) the exploitation of the skills of new employees to optimally benefit the organization

Question 62

Which term refers to the choices people make to reveal or conceal information about themselves?

A) relationship maintenance
B) privacy management
C) self-clarification
D) self-validation

Question 63

Casimir receives a painting that he finds very ugly as a gift from his aunt.Casimir tells his aunt the painting is very interesting.Which term best describes Casimir's statement?

A) benevolent lie
B) equivocating
C) hinting
D) lie of omission

Question 64

According to the textbook,why are people deceitful in relationships?

A) to protect the other party
B) to avoid conflict
C) to empower others
D) to get what they want

Question 65

According to one study,what was the most helpful means for new employees of getting information that helped them settle into the organization successfully?

A) new employee orientation sessions
B) employee handbooks and policy manuals
C) informal face-to-face encounters with other employees
D) memos and emails from the boss and other team members

Question 66

Many people find it to be a big relief to talk to a close friend about the problems they have in their lives.What has been achieved by this type of disclosure?

A) catharsis
B) reciprocity
C) self-clarification
D) self-validation

Question 67

What can be concluded from studying the Johari Window?

A) We must all try to open up our "blind" areas.
B) Communicating intentionally will make us more "open."
C) Some self-disclosure is necessary for the success of any interpersonal relationship.
D) The risk involved in self-disclosure keeps interpersonal relationships from succeeding.

Question 68

Adair tells her boss that another company has offered her a job with higher pay.Adair hopes that this will get her a raise at her current job.What is this an example of?

A) self-validation
B) social influence
C) self-clarification
D) relationship maintenance

Question 69

Alison asks her boyfriend Carlo how she looks in a new dress.Carlo thinks the dress is ugly and doesn't look good on her but he doesn't want to hurt Alison's feelings.He tells her she looks beautiful in the dress.What type of lie has Carlo told?

A) white lie
B) lie of omission
C) lie of commission
D) benevolent lie

Question 70

Which statement provides the best advice about self-disclosure?

A) The more self-disclosure, the better.
B) Wait for the other person to open up before you do.
C) Self-disclose with one other person instead of in a group.
D) Accompany each piece of negative self-disclosure with a compliment to soften the impact.

Question 71

Kim discloses a personal situation to her friend in the hopes that her friend will agree with her.What is this an example of?

A) self-validation
B) self-clarification
C) reciprocity
D) catharsis

Question 72

You've just delivered a speech to your classmates.None of them liked your speech very much.According to your text,which response you are most likely to hear from them when you ask how you did?

A) "You did a great job."
B) "You could have done better."
C) "I don't think it was a good speech."
D) "You made some interesting points."

Question 73

Kareem and Bill work for their municipal police force.Kareem asks Bill "Was it just me or do you think our supervisor is angry with us?" Bill agrees and they discuss the issue in detail.What benefit of self-disclosure has been achieved?

A) catharsis
B) self-clarification
C) relationship management and enhancement
D) social influence

Question 74

David feels uncomfortable with an assignment in his Child and Youth Worker program.To complete the assignment David decides to make up a scenario instead of self-disclosing his real experiences.What is this an example of?

A) social influence
B) relationship maintenance
C) privacy management
D) self-clarification

Question 75

Janine discloses a relationship issue with which she is struggling to her policing classmate,Becky.Becky shares with Janine a similar situation that happened to her in the past.What has occurred?

A) reciprocity
B) self-clarification
C) self-validation
D) catharsis

Question 76

When the target of self-disclosure is a friend,what is the most frequent reason people give for volunteering personal information?

A) reciprocity
B) relationship enhancement
C) self-clarification
D) self-validation

Question 77

What are the four alternatives to self-disclosure?

A) lying, evading, equivocating, and denial
B) silence, lying, equivocating, and hinting
C) patronizing, withholding, avoiding, and stonewalling
D) lying, avoiding, equivocating, and indirect communication

Question 78

Maude met a woman at a convention.The two went out for dinner that evening and Maude told her new friend many personal details from her life story.Maude gave the woman her phone number,saying she would really like to meet again,but she never heard from the woman after that.What guideline for self-disclosure would be most helpful for Maude to keep in mind for future,similar situations?

A) Will the effect be constructive?
B) Is the risk of disclosing reasonable?
C) Is the self-disclosure reciprocated?
D) Will the effect be constructive?

Question 79

Rachel decides not to tell her friend that she thinks her new haircut is awful.What type of lie is this?

A) white lie
B) lie of omission
C) lie of commission
D) benevolent lie

Question 80

Which of the following is an example of a hint?

A) "I'm too busy to stop by this afternoon."
B) "This afternoon won't work for me. Let's get together tomorrow instead of this afternoon."
C) "I'm know you're busy with work today. Let's get together some other time."
D) "I don't want to spend time with you."