Deck 12: Drugs for the Gastrointestinal System

Question 1

Which structure receives food directly from the stomach, where it is mixed with strong digestive juices from the liver and pancreas?

A) Duodenum
B) Ileum
C) Jejunum
D) Gallbladder

Answer 1

Duodenum

Question 2

Which structure works to absorb nutrients into the bloodstream during the digestive process?

A) Stomach
B) Small intestine
C) Large intestine
D) Pancreas

Answer 2

Small intestine

Question 3

Which is NOT a function of saliva?

A) To dissolve food
B) To coat food for easy swallowing
C) To begin to act on carbohydrates
D) To signal the esophagus to begin peristalsis

Answer 3

To signal the esophagus to begin peristalsis

Question 4

Which term describes chemical substances that aid digestion and are secreted by the glands in the mouth, the lining of the stomach, and from the accessory organs?

A) Electrolytes
B) Enzymes
C) Hormones
D) Bile

Question 5

Which term describes small, fingerlike projections of the small intestinal lining that provide a large surface area for absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream?

A) Cilia
B) Flagella
C) Fimbriae
D) Villi

Question 6

Which condition occurs if the stomach is irritated and peristalsis takes place in the opposite direction?

A) Diarrhea
B) Vomiting
C) Eructation
D) Flatulence

Question 7

Which term refers to the result of muscle spasms in the walls of the stomach and intestines?

A) Hiccups
B) Flatulence
C) Peristalsis
D) Cramps

Question 8

Which term describes the failure to have regular bowel movements?

A) Diarrhea
B) Emesis
C) Constipation
D) Defecation

Question 9

Which structure performs the mechanical action of breaking up food into smaller pieces?

A) Mouth
B) Esophagus
C) Stomach
D) Small intestine

Question 10

To which does the term intestinal motility refer?

A) Speed of peristalsis
B) Force of peristalsis
C) Regularity of peristalsis
D) Absence of peristalsis

Question 11

Which structure prepares undigested substances for elimination from the body?

A) Stomach
B) Small intestine
C) Large intestine
D) Pancreas

Question 12

Which term can be used to describe the passing of loose, watery stools, or passing stools too often?

A) Constipation
B) Eructation
C) Diarrhea
D) Emesis

Question 13

Which substance is secreted from the liver and aids in digesting fats?

A) Bile
B) Saliva
C) Insulin
D) Histamine

Question 14

Because the treatment of abdominal pain with an analgesic may delay discovery of a serious condition, it is important not to give medications until a search has been made for the _________ of the pain.

A) intensity
B) cause
C) quality
D) timing

Question 15

Which term means indigestion?

A) Hyperacidity
B) Dyspepsia
C) Eructation
D) Flatulence

Question 16

Which term describes having difficulty swallowing?

A) Stomatitis
B) Dysphagia
C) Dyspepsia
D) Gastritis

Question 17

Which term describes the rhythmic contractions of the lining of the GI tract to push food along the passageway?

A) Defecation
B) Eructation
C) Peristalsis
D) Intestinal motility

Question 18

Stress can affect digestion because peristalsis and secretion of digestive enzymes are under the control of the _________________ nervous system.

A) central
B) peripheral
C) autonomic
D) afferent

Question 19

Which term is used to describe food mixed with stomach secretions?

A) Bolus
B) Bile
C) Chyme
D) Stool

Question 20

Lazy bowel syndrome can be the result of the overuse of which category of medication?

A) laxatives.
B) antidiarrheals.
C) antacids.
D) digestants.

Question 21

Hepatitis A and hepatitis B may be prevented through the use of:

A) medications.
B) vaccines.
C) low-risk sexual behavior.
D) high-calorie, high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet.

Question 22

Which term is used to describe small outgrowths on the inside of the large intestine, most often in the rectum or sigmoid colon?

A) Polyps
B) Diverticula
C) Villi
D) Ulcer

Question 23

Which condition presents with multiple pouches in the walls of the intestine?

A) Peritonitis
B) Diverticulosis
C) Crohn's disease
D) Hemorrhoids+

Question 24

Which instrument can be used to visually examine the walls of the stomach, intestine, or rectum?

A) Gastroscope
B) Endoscope
C) Sigmoidoscope
D) Proctoscope

Question 25

Which condition could cause patients to avoid hard-to-chew fibrous foods that would help keep their bowel movements regular?

A) Peptic ulcer disease
B) Gastritis
C) Tooth and gum disorders
D) Crohn's disease

Question 26

Which condition may present with symptoms that may range from 1 to 2 semisoft stools with small amounts of blood to 10 to 20 bloody stools per day?

A) Crohn's disease
B) Peritonitis
C) Ulcerative colitis
D) Irritable bowel syndrome

Question 27

Which category of drugs inhibit gastric acid secretion?

A) Antacids
B) Antispasmodics
C) Histamine H₂-receptor antagonists
D) Antiemetics

Question 28

Which category of drugs neutralize HCl in the stomach?

A) Anticholinergics
B) Histamine H₂-receptor antagonists
C) Antacids
D) Astringents

Question 29

Which term is used to describe a yellowing of the skin that is a symptom of liver disease?

A) Cirrhosis
B) Melanosis
C) Jaundice
D) Dermatitis

Question 30

Prilosec, Prevacid, Nexium, and Protonix are examples of which type of drugs?

A) antacids.
B) proton pump inhibitors.
C) histamine H₂-receptor antagonists.
D) anticholinergics.

Question 31

Which condition could present with symptoms such as fever, vomiting, jaundice, and pain in the upper right quadrant?

A) Hepatitis
B) Crohn's disease
C) Gallbladder disease
D) Ulcerative colitis

Question 32

Which condition could result from the normal use of irritants such as coffee, alcohol, and tobacco?

A) Hepatitis
B) Peptic ulcer disease
C) Stomatitis
D) Gastritis

Question 33

Tagamet, Zantac, Pepcid, and Axid are examples of which type of drugs?

A) antacids.
B) histamine H₂-receptor antagonists.
C) anticholinergics.
D) digestants.

Question 34

Which condition is a disease of the colon and rectum characterized by inflammation and ulceration with alternating periods of remissions and exacerbations?

A) Crohn's disease
B) Peritonitis
C) Ulcerative colitis
D) Irritable bowel syndrome

Question 35

Which term is used to describe a chronic, progressive disease of the liver characterized by degeneration and destruction of liver cells?

A) Jaundice
B) Crohn's disease
C) Hepatitis
D) Cirrhosis

Question 36

Which condition is caused by the excessive secretion of hydrochloric acid (HCl)?

A) Gastritis
B) Peptic ulcer disease
C) Inflammatory bowel disease
D) Ulcerative colitis

Question 37

Which category of drug aids in digestion by replacing digestive enzymes that are missing due to diseases such as stomach cancer, pernicious anemia, or pancreatitis?

A) Antispasmodic
B) Digestant
C) Anticholinergic
D) Antiemetic

Question 38

Which condition is caused by straining during bowel movements; heavy lifting; and prolonged sitting and standing?

A) irritable bowel syndrome.
B) diverticulosis.
C) hemorrhoids.
D) tumors.

Question 39

Which virus is of great concern to the healthcare worker because it is blood-borne and may occur through accidental needlesticks?

A) Hepatitis A virus (HAV)
B) Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
C) Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
D) Hepatitis D virus (HDV)

Question 40

Which condition is a chronic, nonspecific inflammatory bowel disease of unknown etiology that can affect any portion of the GI tract from mouth to anus, but that generally affects the terminal ileum, jejunum, and colon?

A) Crohn's disease
B) Peritonitis
C) Ulcerative colitis
D) Irritable bowel syndrome

Question 41

Physical measures like following a bland diet and eliminating substances such as tobacco, coffee, and alcohol should be used in combination with drug therapy to treat which condition?

A) diarrhea.
B) ulcers.
C) vomiting.
D) constipation.

Question 42

Metamucil, Dulcolax, Correctol, and Senokot are examples of which category of drugs?

A) antidiarrheals.
B) laxatives.
C) emetics.
D) antiseptics.

Question 43

Which may be ordered if a patient is unconscious or cannot take oral medication, or is nauseated, has a fever, or is in pain?

A) Astringent
B) Endoscope
C) Suppository
D) Gastrostomy tube

Question 44

Physical measures like eating a high-fiber diet, drinking 1500 to 2000 mL of fluids daily, and increasing physical activity are used in combination with drug therapy to treat:

A) diarrhea.
B) helminthiasis.
C) vomiting.
D) constipation.

Question 45

Which statement is NOT a mechanism of action of antidiarrheals?

A) Absorb bacteria and toxins that cause diarrhea
B) Inhibit intestinal motility
C) Coat the walls of the GI tract
D) Depress the action of the villi in the small intestine

Question 46

Permanent bowel and bone damage and electrolyte imbalances may result from:

A) emetic abuse.
B) laxative abuse.
C) abuse of weight-loss drugs.
D) antacid abuse.

Question 47

Which category of medication should be given before, during, or after meals to be effective?

A) suppositories
B) digestive medications
C) antiemtics
D) laxatives

Question 48

Which medication should never be crushed when administering medication through a nasogastric or gastrostomy tube?

A) Buccal or sublingual tablets
B) Time-release capsule
C) Enteric-coated tablets
D) All answers are correct

Question 49

Which side effect is caused by some weight-loss medications?

A) Loss of fat-soluble vitamins
B) Hypotension
C) Blood in the stool
D) Stomatitis

Question 50

Which category of drugs is given for an intestinal infestation of worms?

A) Antiemetic
B) Anticholinergic
C) Astringent
D) Antihelmintic

Question 51

Which term describes a surgically produced opening in the stomach or the abdomen?

A) Gastrostomy
B) Laparorrhaphy
C) Stoma
D) Enterostomy

Question 52

Bulk-forming (high-fiber) laxatives should be taken with plenty of ______________ to prevent constipation and possible fecal impaction.

A) food
B) exercise
C) water
D) rest

Question 53

Studies have shown that four times as much Prilosec accumulates in the blood of which of the following ethnic groups?

A) Caucasians
B) African Americans
C) Asian Americans
D) Latinos

Question 54

Which type of tube is inserted through the nose and down the esophagus into the stomach that is used for the administration of medications?

A) Gastrostomy tube
B) Nasogastric tube
C) Esophagostomy tube
D) Endotracheal tube

Question 55

Which type of drug suppresses nausea and vomiting by acting on the brain's control center to stop nerve impulses?

A) Anticholinergics
B) Antiemetics
C) Antihelmintics
D) Astringents

Question 56

An example of a beverage that acts as a stimulant and increases peristalsis in the intestines to push fecal material through faster is:

A) grape juice.
B) coffee.
C) green tea.
D) milk.

Question 57

Which drug is an example of an emetic, a type of drug that produces vomiting in cases of poisoning?

A) Syrup of ipecac
B) Dramamine
C) Compazine
D) Spasmodic

Question 58

Which type of drug promotes defecation?

A) Emetics
B) Digestives
C) Laxatives
D) Astringents

Question 59

Pepto-Bismol, Kaopectate, and Imodium are examples of which category of drugs?

A) antidiarrheals.
B) laxatives.
C) emetics.
D) antiseptics.

Question 60

Which type of drug helps to reduce the gas in the stomach and intestines that accompanies indigestion?

A) Anticholinergics
B) Antiemetics
C) Antiflatulents
D) Antispasmodics

Question 61

Which medication is an example of an antidiarrheal?

A) Imodium
B) Metamucil
C) Colace
D) Ducolax

Question 62

The role of the liver in the GI system is to produce ___________, a substance that aids in digesting fats.

Question 63

The large intestine is also known as the _____________.

Question 64

When the stomach is irritated, peristalsis may take place in the opposite direction, and _____________ will probably result.

Question 65

Rhythmic contractions of the lining of the GI tract push food along this passageway; these muscle movements are called __________________.

Question 66

Rest, a high-fiber diet, antibiotics, and a bulk laxative such as Metamucil are used to treat which condition?

A) Crohn's disease
B) Diverticulosis
C) Hemorrhoids
D) Diarrhea

Question 67

Maalox, Mylanta, and Gelusil are examples of which type of medications?

A) Antacids
B) Histamine H₂-receptor antagonists
C) Emetics
D) Antiemetics

Question 68

When a person swallows, the food passes into the __________________, the part of the GI tract that extends from the pharynx to the stomach.

Question 69

Stomach acid and digestive enzymes make up _________ juice.

Question 70

Undigested substances, like plant fibers, are not absorbed into the blood but pass into the large intestine. The large intestine prepares these substances for ________________ from the body.

Question 71

Which microorganism is a cause of peptic ulcer disease?

A) Heliobacter pylori
B) E. coli
C) Streptococcus
D) Staphylococcus

Question 72

After being broken down into its smallest parts, food is _______________ from the small intestine into the bloodstream.

Question 73

Motion sickness, morning sickness, and nausea and vomiting after chemotherapy can be treated with category of medications?

A) Antiemetics
B) Anticholinergics
C) Proton pump inhibitors
D) Antacids

Question 74

The fingerlike projections that line the small intestine and are responsible for absorbing nutrients into the bloodstream are termed _____________.

Question 75

Even before chewing begins, the salivary glands start to produce a fluid called _____________.

Question 76

The liver is important in drug action because it breaks down or inactivates many drugs. Patients with poor liver function can suffer a(n) ______________ with some routinely administered drugs because their livers are unable to break down the drugs quickly.

Question 77

The digestive tract or alimentary canal is also known as the _____________________ tract.

Question 78

Glands in the mouth and lining of the stomach, and the accessory organs all secrete ____________, which are chemical substances that aid digestion.

Question 79

Food mixed with stomach secretions is termed ____________.

Question 80

What is the intended action of laxatives?

A) Promote a bowel movement
B) Decrease intestinal motility
C) Treat abdominal pain
D) Decrease secretion of gastric acid