Deck 2: Principles of Drug Action

Question 1

Which describe the effect of a drug that must travel through the bloodstream to affect cells or tissues in various parts of the body?

A) Side effect
B) Local effect
C) Systemic effect
D) Therapeutic effect

Answer 1

Systemic effect

Question 2

Which describes a series of chemical reactions that inactivate a drug by converting it to a water-soluble compound?

A) Absorption
B) Distribution
C) Metabolism
D) Excretion

Answer 2

Metabolism

Question 3

Which term describes the interaction of two drugs to inhibit or cancel each other's effect?

A) Synergism
B) Potentiation
C) Antagonism
D) Idiosyncrasy

Answer 3

Antagonism

Question 4

Physical drug dependence is:

A) a drive or craving to take a drug to relieve discomfort.
B) a physical need for a drug.
C) the self-administration of a drug in chronically excessive quantities.
D) a problem with people who take their own medications at home.

Question 5

Which term describes the transportation of a drug from the bloodstream to the body tissues and intended site of action?

A) Absorption
B) Distribution
C) Metabolism
D) Excretion

Question 6

Psychological drug dependence is:

A) a drive or craving to take a drug to relieve discomfort.
B) a physical need for a drug.
C) the self-administration of a drug in chronically excessive quantities.
D) a problem with people who take their own medications at home.

Question 7

Which term describes the passage of a drug from the site of administration into the bloodstream?

A) Absorption
B) Distribution
C) Metabolism
D) Excretion

Question 8

Which statement describes the action that stimulants have on the body?

A) Slows the body's natural reactions to irritation
B) Speeds up the energy-producing functions of cells
C) Destroys parts of cells
D) Replaces natural substances that the body lacks

Question 9

Which term describes the body's way of removing the waste products of ordinary cell processes?

A) Absorption
B) Distribution
C) Metabolism
D) Excretion

Question 10

The route of administration, the time of day the drug is administered, diet, and environmental conditions are all factors that affect:

A) drug excretion.
B) drug metabolism.
C) drug action.
D) drug distribution.

Question 11

Which describe the effect of a drug that is mainly limited to the area where it is applied or enters the body?

A) Side effect
B) Local effect
C) Systemic effect
D) Therapeutic effect

Question 12

Which statement describes the action that insulin has on the body?

A) Slows the body's natural reactions to irritation
B) Speeds up the energy-producing functions of cells
C) Destroys parts of cells
D) Replaces natural substances that the body lacks

Question 13

Which describe additional effects on the body that are not part of the goal of drug therapy?

A) Side effects
B) Local effects
C) Systemic effects
D) Therapeutic effects

Question 14

Age, size, sex, and genetics are factors that affect:

A) drug excretion.
B) drug metabolism.
C) drug action.
D) drug distribution.

Question 15

Which statement describes the action that antibiotics have on the body?

A) Slow the body's natural reactions to irritation
B) Speed up the energy-producing functions of cells
C) Destroy parts of cells
D) Replace natural substances that the body lacks

Question 16

Which term describes a drug interaction in which the effect of two drugs in combination is greater than the effect of each drug given separately?

A) Synergism
B) Potentiation
C) Antagonism
D) Idiosyncrasy

Question 17

Which describe the desired effect of a drug, or the reason the drug is administered?

A) Side effect
B) Local effect
C) Systemic effect
D) Therapeutic effect

Question 18

Which statement describes the action that antihistamines have on the body?

A) Slow the body's natural reactions to irritation
B) Speed up the energy-producing functions of cells
C) Destroy parts of cells
D) Replace natural substances that the body lacks

Question 19

Which term describes the drug interaction that occurs when two drugs are administered at the same time, and one drug increases the effect of the other?

A) Synergism
B) Potentiation
C) Antagonism
D) Idiosyncrasy

Question 20

Which statement describes how a healthcare worker can create a positive attitude in patients who are undergoing medication therapy?

A) Review with the patient the important reasons for taking the medication.
B) Treat the patient in a cheerful and caring manner.
C) Maintain your own positive, confident attitude.
D) All answers are correct.

Question 21

Which describes why pain medications are prescribed?

A) For the local effect they provide
B) For the systemic effect they provide
C) For the side effects they provide
D) For the cumulative effects they provide

Question 22

Which is a side effect of aspirin therapy?

A) Stomach irritation
B) Constipation
C) Rash
D) Urine retention

Question 23

In which organ does most of the metabolism and detoxification of drugs take place?

A) Kidneys
B) Stomach
C) Liver
D) Colon

Question 24

Which decreases the effect of Coumadin on blood clotting?

A) Milk products
B) Green leafy vegetables
C) Mineral oil
D) Antacids

Question 25

Which statement describes the healthcare worker's responsibilities with respect to the administration of drugs?

A) The healthcare worker is expected to be aware of possible adverse drug reactions, drug dependence, and the improper use of drugs.
B) The healthcare worker must consult his or her supervisor when drug abuse is suspected.
C) The healthcare worker must keep medicines locked up when not in use.
D) All answers are correct.

Question 26

Which are used to calculate proper adult dose?

A) Age and body weight
B) Body mass index and percentage of body fat
C) Lean body mass and height
D) Body surface area and muscle mass

Question 27

Withdrawal symptoms can occur as a result of:

A) physical drug dependence.
B) psychological drug dependence.
C) drug misuse.
D) drug side effects.

Question 28

Which route of administration provides the fastest and most dependable absorption of a drug?

A) Oral
B) Intramuscular
C) Buccal
D) Intravenous

Question 29

Constriction of the bronchial muscle, edema of the pharynx and larynx, severe wheezing, and dyspnea are symptoms of which of the following?

A) Drug overdose
B) Anaphylaxis
C) Enzyme deficiency
D) Drug toxicity

Question 30

The process in which enzymes break down a drug is called?

A) Absorption
B) Distribution
C) Metabolism
D) Excretion

Question 31

How quickly and completely a drug is absorbed into the bloodstream affects which of the following?

A) Drug action
B) Drug tolerance
C) Drug toxicity
D) Drug dependence

Question 32

Which is an inactive substance that has no pharmacological effect but can make a patient feel better?

A) Placebo
B) Palliative drug
C) Legend drug
D) Supplement

Question 33

Which will cause drugs that are taken orally to be absorbed more quickly?

A) Gastrointestinal tract free of food
B) Increased fluid intake
C) Exercise
D) Good oral hygiene

Question 34

The chemical composition of a drug, the rate of metabolism, and how often a drug is administered all affect?

A) Absorption
B) Distribution
C) Detoxification
D) Excretion

Question 35

Which is an example of a drug that is administered through the sublingual route?

A) Ibuprofen
B) Nitroglycerin
C) Epinephrine
D) Demerol

Question 36

Which of the following are examples of drugs that are commonly abused?

A) Caffeine, nicotine, alcohol
B) Barbiturates, depressants, stimulants
C) Anabolic steroids, sedatives, hypnotics
D) All answers are correct

Question 37

Which can occur with older adults who see multiple doctors and are prescribed multiple drugs?

A) Drug toxicity
B) Cumulative effect
C) Drug interactions
D) Drug tolerance

Question 38

When observing a patient's reaction to a drug that has been administered, determine whether you are seeing the drug's therapeutic effect or a:

A) side effect.
B) systemic effect.
C) drug effect.
D) local effect.

Question 39

Bactrim is considered a long-lasting antibiotic for which reason?

A) Bactrim collects in drug reservoirs.
B) Bactrim is absorbed very slowly.
C) Bactrim is prescribed for 7 to 10 days.
D) Bactrim resists metabolism.

Question 40

The ability of a drug to cross the cell membrane and the rate at which it can do so affects which of the following?

A) Pharmacokinetics
B) Tolerance
C) Side effects
D) Therapeutic effect

Question 41

The transportation of a drug from the bloodstream to the body tissues and intended site of action is called _________________.

Question 42

Diseases of the liver and kidneys can have an important effect on the processing and elimination of drugs. This is an example of how _________________________ affect drug action.

Question 43

What is the recommended treatment when a patient presents with an idiosyncratic response to a drug?

A) Increase ordered medication
B) Continue medication
C) Stop medication
D) Decrease ordered dose

Question 44

The process whereby antacids and iron supplements work against the absorption of the antibiotic tetracycline is described as?

A) Antagonism
B) Synergism
C) Potentiation
D) Idiosyncrasy

Question 45

Because some drugs may harm the fetus, ______________________ women must be extremely careful about taking any medication, and must avoid taking medications without first consulting their physician.

Question 46

To diminish the unpleasant effects of drugs secreted through saliva, the patient should be educated to chew ______________ or suck hard candy.

Question 47

Drugs such as opiates, nitrates, and barbiturates frequently produce?

A) Toxicity
B) Potentiation
C) Tolerance
D) Synergism

Question 48

The energy-producing functions of cells are sped up by ____________________.

Question 49

The body's natural reaction to irritation is ____________________ by antihistamines.

Question 50

A(n) ______________________ is an inactive substance that has no pharmacological effects but may make a patient with a positive attitude "feel better."

Question 51

Patients who take sedatives are advised to avoid drinking alcohol to avoid the possibility of?

A) Antagonism
B) Synergism
C) Potentiation
D) Toxicity

Question 52

The passage of a drug from the site of administration into the bloodstream is called ________________.

Question 53

A patient's mental state is an important factor in the success or failure of drug therapy. This is an example of the effect __________________________________ have on drug action.

Question 54

Which term refers to the self-administration of a drug in chronically excessive quantities, resulting in a psychological or physical dependence?

A) Drug abuse
B) Drug overuse
C) Drug self-use
D) Drug tolerance

Question 55

Each person's individual makeup causes slight differences in basic processes like metabolism and excretion. This is an example of the effect that ______________ has on drug action.

Question 56

Combining certain drugs with certain foods can alter the drugs' effects. This is an example of the effect that a person's ___________ has on drug action.

Question 57

The series of chemical reactions that inactivate a drug by converting it into a water-soluble compound so that it can be excreted by the body is termed ___________________.

Question 58

Smaller doses and different drugs are required in treating young or older adult patients. This is an example of how _____________ is a factor that affects drug action.

Question 59

Which can be used to reverse overdose symptoms?

A) Placebo
B) Antidote
C) Histamine
D) Antihistamine

Question 60

The body's way of removing the waste products of ordinary cell processes is termed __________________

Question 61

Drugs that are taken orally are absorbed most quickly if the gastrointestinal tract is free of _______________.

Question 62

When a patient is less responsive to a drug after repeated doses, it is termed drug __________________.

Question 63

The combination of biological, physical, and psychological changes that take place in the body as a result of the drug action is termed the drug _________________.

Question 64

A drug will act most quickly when it is __________________ into the bloodstream.

Question 65

Aspirin, taken orally, is beneficial for the treatment of arthritis, but tends to irritate the lining of the stomach. This side effect is controlled by giving the drug with milk or ____________.

Question 66

Drug __________________ refers to the chemical changes the drug produces in cells and tissues.

Question 67

Some drugs mainly affect the area where they enter or are applied to the body, for example, eye drops and sunburn creams. This is an example of the ________________ effects of drugs.

Question 68

Additional effects that drugs have on the body that are not part of the goal of drug therapy are termed _______________________ effects.

Question 69

If a patient has a drug _________________, it must be clearly marked on the front of the chart with a bright sticker.

Question 70

Pain medications that must travel through the bloodstream to affect cells or tissues in other parts of the body are an example of drugs given for their _____________________ effects.

Question 71

As a member of the healthcare team, you can influence a patient's response to medication by creating a(n) _______________________ attitude in the patient.

Question 72

Drugs are absorbed, distributed, and metabolized differently when given by different _________________.

Question 73

Older adult patients often see several doctors who prescribe what is needed in a patient's particular case. Multiple doctors and multiple drugs can lead to serious drug ____________________.

Question 74

A drug ______________ is an abnormal response that occurs because a person has developed antibodies against a particular drug.

Question 75

Occasionally, the body has an unexpected or dangerous response to a drug. These unexpected conditions are called ___________________ reactions.

Question 76

When drugs collect in the body and produce an increased response, it is termed a(n) ______________________ effect of drug action.

Question 77

The desired effect, or the reason a drug is administered, is termed the _____________________ effect.

Question 78

Heat relaxes the blood vessels and speeds up the circulation, so drugs act faster. This is an example of the effect that _______________________ conditions have on drug action.

Question 79

The route of administration resulting in the longest time for drugs to show their effects is the _______________ route.

Question 80

When possible, drugs that make a patient sleepy are ordered to be taken at bedtime.
This is an example of the effect ________________ has on drug action.