Deck 5: Life in the Greenhouse: Photosynthesis and Global Warming

Question 1

What process occurs as individual water molecules move fast enough to rise into the air as water vapor?

A) condensation
B) combustion
C) evaporation
D) precipitation

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The greenhouse effect is most similar to

A) heating up the air inside a car by parking it in the sun.
B) warming the air for a hot-air balloon with a propane burner.
C) burning kerosene in a heater to warm up the air inside a cold house.
D) growing plants in your office to reduce indoor air pollution.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

When are the most hydrogen bonds likely to reform between water molecules in a lake?

A) in the late morning
B) at noon
C) in the late afternoon
D) at night

Answer 3

D

Question 4

How would Earth change if the greenhouse effect didn't exist at all?

A) Without the greenhouse effect, Earth would radiate all its heat into space.
B) All the incoming sunlight energy would be absorbed without the greenhouse effect.
C) The result of no greenhouse effect would be an extremely hot planet that never cools down.
D) Animals and plants would survive comfortably, and the average temperature would never change if the greenhouse effect did not exist.

Question 5

Which of the following is considered a greenhouse gas?

A) water vapor
B) carbon monoxide
C) gaseous nitrogen
D) nitrous oxide

Question 6

Why is water so important in controlling Earth's climate?

A) Water vapor is one of the greenhouse gases that allows the release of heat into space.
B) The water in oceans and lakes stores the energy radiated by the sun and releases it slowly.
C) Water warms up quickly when very little energy is added to it.
D) The evaporation of water from oceans and lakes cools the temperature of the continents.

Question 7

Which of these emits carbon dioxide into the atmosphere?

A) green plants
B) volcanoes
C) soil
D) water

Question 8

Heat is a measure of

A) the rate that molecules are moving within a substance.
B) the resistance to temperature change within a substance.
C) the ability of a substance to transfer energy between its molecules.
D) the total amount of energy associated with the movement of molecules in a substance.

Question 9

Why does sweating cool you off?

A) The water in sweat, as it is secreted from skin glands, is cooler than your body temperature.
B) Heat is taken up from your skin by the water in the sweat.
C) Water in sweat contains hydrogen bonds that react with skin cells and removes excess heat from the skin.
D) Sweat contains a combination of chemicals that react with salt on the skin to create a heat-absorbing substance.

Question 10

Almost all scientists believe that the global warming observed over the past 100 years has been caused by elevated levels of gases in the atmosphere. Which of the following gases is primarily responsible for this problem?

A) carbon dioxide
B) nitrous oxide
C) oxygen
D) ozone

Question 11

During the water cycle, water evaporates from plants through a process called transpiration. Which of these is a similar process during the carbon cycle?

A) Carbon dioxide is absorbed by soils.
B) Carbon-based sugars are ingested by animals.
C) Carbon dioxide is respired by animals.
D) Carbon dioxide is absorbed by plants and converted to sugars.

Question 12

Which of these would be the most likely effect on precipitation from global warming?

A) an increase in the months of snowfall in higher latitudes
B) a decrease in the amount of snowfall on mountaintops
C) an increase in the amount of rainfall in every climate
D) a decrease in the amount of rainfall near oceans

Question 13

What happens when water is heated?

A) It's broken into hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
B) New hydrogen bonds are created between water molecules.
C) Hydrogen bonds between water molecules are broken.
D) Hydrogen atoms jump from one water molecule to another water molecule.

Question 14

Which of these processes of the water cycle releases heat into the atmosphere?

A) condensation
B) runoff
C) evaporation
D) ground-water discharge

Question 15

Temperature is a measure of

A) the potential energy in a substance.
B) how fast the molecules in a substance are moving.
C) the energy lost from a substance to its surroundings.
D) how much heat is being absorbed by a substance.

Question 16

How does the greenhouse effect work?

A) Rocks, soil, and water on Earth's surface absorb sunlight energy and radiate it as heat.
B) The energy from sunlight passes through the transparent water of the oceans and heats up the Earth's core.
C) Some sunlight energy that hits Earth radiates toward space, but some is trapped by atmospheric gases.
D) All the sunlight energy striking Earth bounces off the planet and radiates into space.

Question 17

Which of the following is most likely to contain the most heat overall?

A) a cup of coffee that is 140 degrees F
B) a person that is 98.6 degrees F
C) a large lake filled with water that is 72 degrees F
D) a smoldering campfire ember that is 400 degrees F

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the greenhouse effect is true?

A) Most life on Earth relies upon the hospitable temperatures resulting from the greenhouse effect.
B) The greenhouse effect is a dangerous phenomenon that should be stopped as soon as possible.
C) The greenhouse effect results from the presence of oxygen in the atmosphere.
D) Global warming is likely the result of a lessening of the greenhouse effect.

Question 19

Which of these human activities has directly contributed to global warming?

A) burning of coal
B) building of greenhouses
C) planting of trees
D) development of solar energy

Question 20

The planet Mercury is closer to the sun than the planet Venus. However, temperatures on Venus are hotter than temperatures on Mercury. Why would this be the case?

A) Mercury has a thicker atmosphere than Venus that blocks heat from the sun.
B) Mercury spins more quickly than Venus, so its surface cannot heat up as quickly.
C) Venus has a thicker atmosphere than Mercury that traps heat from the sun.
D) Venus is cooled by high concentrations of water vapor in its atmosphere.

Question 21

The process of photosynthesis transforms solar energy into ________ energy.

A) chemical
B) mechanical
C) heat
D) kinetic

Question 22

What relationship has been shown by the data from Antarctic ice cores?

A) a positive correlation between carbon dioxide concentration and ice core temperature
B) a negative correlation between carbon dioxide concentration and ice core temperature
C) no correlation between carbon dioxide concentration and ice core temperature
D) a confusing relationship between carbon dioxide concentration and ice core temperature

Question 23

Where does most of the carbon dioxide released by human activities come from?

A) exhaling (cellular respiration waste products)
B) decomposing garbage in landfills
C) burning wood for cooking fires
D) burning fossil fuels

Question 24

Photosynthesis takes place inside a specialized organelle called a ________.

Question 25

What are fossil fuels?

A) carbon-rich remains of plants and microorganisms
B) underground deposits of carbon dioxide
C) accumulations of partially decomposed dinosaurs
D) timber from old-growth forests

Question 26

Which of these increases the amount of surface area that is available for photosynthesis inside the chloroplast?

A) stroma
B) chlorophyll
C) envelope
D) thylakoid

Question 27

What can happen to the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

A) It can be released into space from the atmosphere.
B) It can be converted to glucose by plants.
C) It can be converted into carbon monoxide by the oceans.
D) It can react with nitrogen to form fossil fuels.

Question 28

On Earth, ________ is/are the largest reservoir of carbon dioxide and heat.

A) the atmosphere
B) the oceans
C) animal bodies
D) fossil fuels

Question 29

How do scientists "know" the atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide that existed on Earth hundreds or thousands of years ago?

A) They deduce it from the carbon dioxide content of fossil fuels.
B) They measure it from bubbles of gas trapped in Antarctic ice.
C) They estimate it from the relative numbers of carbon-based life forms that existed over time.
D) They measure it from erupting volcanoes, bubbling hot springs, and seeping hydrothermal vents.

Question 30

According to the graph, the chlorophyll pigments found in green leaves are best at absorbing which of these wavelengths of light?

A) 520 nm
B) 560 nm
C) 620 nm
D) 680 nm

Question 31

Which of the following is the proper equation for photosynthesis?

A) 6CO? + 6O? + sunlight ? C?H??O6 + 6H?O
B) 6H?O + 6CO? + sunlight ? C?H??O? + 6O?
C) C?H??O? + 6O? + sunlight ? 6CO? + 6H?O
D) O? + H?O + sunlight ? C?H??O? + CO?

Question 32

Each chloroplast is surrounded by how many membranes?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 33

According to scientists, how do the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today compare to the past 400,000 years?

A) There's more atmospheric carbon dioxide today.
B) There's less atmospheric carbon dioxide today.
C) There have been no changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.
D) Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have fluctuated randomly.

Question 34

The process by which carbon dioxide and water are converted to glucose and oxygen is called

A) photosynthesis.
B) cellular respiration.
C) glycolysis.
D) fermentation.

Question 35

The thick fluid found inside chloroplasts is known as

A) grana.
B) stroma.
C) chlorophyll.
D) thylakoids.

Question 36

According to the graph, by how many parts per million has the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide changed between 1980 and 2010?

A) about 20 ppm
B) about 50 ppm
C) about 80 ppm
D) about 110 ppm

Question 37

Which of the following is a true statement about carbon and the carbon cycle?

A) There is a one-way flow of carbon from volcanoes to plants to herbivores to carnivores and, finally, to the atmosphere.
B) Carbon is recycled among plants, animals, water, soil, and the atmosphere.
C) Carbon dioxide (CO?) is the only carbon-containing compound involved in the carbon cycle.
D) Carbon is recycled in a general sense, but once carbon dioxide is exhaled from animals, it can only enter the atmosphere, where it's trapped and adds to the greenhouse effect.

Question 38

Which of these is a fossil fuel?

A) vegetable oil
B) coal
C) hydrogen gas
D) wood

Question 39

Fossil fuels form from the unconsumed ________ of dead organisms.

Question 40

The plants that made up fossil fuels lived around ________ years ago.

A) 300,000,000,000
B) 300,000,000
C) 300,000
D) 30,000

Question 41

What energy molecule is produced during the light reactions and helps to power the Calvin cycle?

A) ATP
B) glucose
C) sucrose
D) NADP?

Question 42

In plant leaves, carbon dioxide enters and oxygen exits via tiny pores called ________.

Question 43

The Calvin cycle of photosynthesis occurs in the

A) stroma.
B) outer chloroplast membrane.
C) thylakoids.
D) rubisco.

Question 44

The first step of photosynthesis is called the

A) Calvin cycle.
B) light reactions.
C) citric acid cycle.
D) electron transport chain.

Question 45

During which process does water vapor move out of plant stomata?

A) condensation
B) combustion
C) evaporation
D) transpiration

Question 46

Excess amounts of which sugar are used by plants to make glucose?

A) G3P
B) RuBP
C) NADPH
D) fructose

Question 47

The light reactions of photosynthesis occur in the

A) stroma.
B) outer chloroplast membrane.
C) thylakoids.
D) rubisco.

Question 48

What happens during photorespiration?

A) The Calvin cycle produces twice as much glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P), which is exported to make sugars.
B) The enzyme rubisco uses oxygen as its substrate for the reaction it catalyzes with ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP).
C) Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) is broken down into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) and exported to make sugars.
D) A second wave of light reactions occurs to replace the Calvin cycle.

Question 49

What is the initial carbon-containing starting product in the Calvin cycle?

A) glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
B) glucose
C) ribulose bisphosphate
D) rubisco

Question 50

What gas do plants release during photorespiration?

A) water vapor
B) oxygen
C) carbon dioxide
D) carbon monoxide

Question 51

The role of NADP in photosynthesis is to

A) pick up and drop off electrons.
B) phosphorylate ADP to ATP.
C) convert carbon dioxide to rubisco.
D) absorb sunlight energy.

Question 52

Cells that regulate gas exchange by opening and closing the stomata are called ________ cells.

Question 53

Which of the following is a true statement about photosynthesis?

A) The light reactions produce NADP from sunlight energy.
B) Carbon dioxide reacts with 5-carbon molecules during the Calvin cycle.
C) ATP is released at the end of the Calvin cycle.
D) Water is used during photosynthesis to capture the electrons released from excited chlorophyll pigments.

Question 54

Which plants are best adapted for very dry, hot environments such as deserts?

A) C? plants
B) C? plants
C) C? plants
D) CAM plants

Question 55

The enzyme that catalyzes the reaction between carbon dioxide and ribulose bisphosphate is ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase, or ________.

Question 56

Glucose is a molecule that supplies ________ to cells.

Question 57

When can photorespiration occur in plants?

A) when stomata are closed
B) when oxygen levels inside the leaf are low
C) when the plant is undergoing transpiration
D) during the Calvin cycle

Question 58

What happens first after chlorophyll absorbs light energy?

A) Water splits into H? and O?.
B) Hydrogen ions combine with electrons to produce NADPH.
C) Electrons are released and move to a higher energy level.
D) Carbon dioxide is converted to sugar.

Question 59

Oxygen is produced during the light reactions when

A) NADP? is converted to NADPH.
B) CO? splits apart at the end of the light reactions.
C) electrons reach the end of the electron transport chain.
D) water is split to provide replacement electrons to chlorophyll.

Question 60

Which of the following types of plants undergo the most photorespiration?

A) C? plants
B) C? plants
C) C? plants
D) CAM plants

Question 61

Which of the following types of plant stores carbon dioxide as an organic acid in its vacuoles?

A) C? plants
B) C? plants
C) C? plants
D) CAM plants

Question 62

How is global warming likely to affect an animal species that has narrow temperature requirements? Global warming is likely to

A) cause the expansion of the species' range.
B) cause the extinction of the species.
C) reduce the diseases that threaten the species.
D) have no effect on the species.

Question 63

A(n)________ could exert the most influence to speed the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.

A) individual
B) business owner
C) nonprofit corporation
D) policy maker

Question 64

How can deforestation increase global warming? Deforestation can

A) decrease the total amount of photosynthesis as C? plants are harvested.
B) increase the number of C? plants, thereby increasing photorespiration.
C) cause runoff to become more acidic, thereby blocking the uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide.
D) increase the uptake of carbon dioxide by encouraging the growth of faster growing plants.

Question 65

A decrease in the amount of greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere would result in

A) cooler average global temperatures.
B) warmer average global temperatures.
C) no change in average global temperatures.
D) cooler temperatures in the northern hemisphere and warmer temperatures in the southern hemisphere.

Question 66

A CAM plant

A) uses 4-carbon sugars to pump carbon dioxide molecules to the Calvin cycle.
B) is often used in agriculture because of its ability to conserve water.
C) slows water loss by opening stomata only at night.
D) tends to grow very slowly because of its inability to undergo the Calvin cycle.

Question 67

Which of the following is most likely to be a C? plant?

A) switchgrass
B) clover
C) rose
D) cactus

Question 68

Which of these activities could help you to slow the rate of global warming?

A) only buy food in plastic containers
B) drive faster than the speed limit
C) replace an old refrigerator with a new one
D) mow the grass more frequently

Question 69

C? and C? plants are named after the

A) sequence in which the carbon-containing molecules were discovered.
B) botanically assigned geographic coordinates where the plants are located.
C) first stable carbon compounds that are produced during the second portion of photosynthesis.
D) first carbon compounds that are produced during the light reactions of each type of plant.

Question 70

Increased amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere have made the ocean

A) more acidic.
B) more basic.
C) closer to neutral in pH.
D) richer in aquatic species.