Deck 8: DNA Detective: Complex Patterns of Inheritance and DNA Fingerprinting

Question 1

Phenotypic features that are coded for by several genes, such as eye color in humans, are called

A) linked.
B) polytrophic.
C) polygenic.
D) codominant.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A person who is homozygous recessive for both blood type alleles has type ________ blood.

A) A
B) B
C) AB
D) O

Answer 2

D

Question 3

When does codominance occur?

A) both of the alleles in a heterozygote are expressed phenotypically in an individual
B) expression of two different alleles alternates from one generation to the next
C) a heterozygote expresses an intermediate phenotype
D) offspring exhibit several different phenotypic expressions of a single trait

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A child with type O blood could not have a parent with type ________ blood.

A) A
B) B
C) AB
D) O

Question 5

The alleles responsible for the ABO blood types of humans are an example of ________ alleles.

Question 6

If a blue-colored flower crossed with a white-colored flower produced light blue-colored flower offspring, then it's most likely a case of

A) incomplete dominance.
B) codominance.
C) independent assortment.
D) sex linkage.

Question 7

A woman with type AB blood has sugars on what percent of her red blood cells?

A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 100%

Question 8

There are NO sugars on the surface of any of the red blood cells for which blood type?

A) type A
B) type B
C) type AB
D) type O

Question 9

The AB blood type, in which both A and B alleles are expressed, is an example of

A) incomplete dominance.
B) codominance.
C) independent assortment.
D) sex linkage.

Question 10

If one person in a population has two different alleles of a particular gene and it's known that other people in the population have yet another different allele of this gene, then this is an example of

A) codominance.
B) pleiotropy.
C) incomplete dominance.
D) multiple allelism.

Question 11

The pattern of inheritance for Rh factor is best described as ________.

A) incomplete dominance.
B) codominance.
C) dominant-recessive.
D) sex linkage.

Question 12

Type AB blood is a result of

A) polygenic inheritance.
B) simple dominance.
C) codominance.
D) sex-linked recessive inheritance.

Question 13

When the phenotype of a heterozygote is intermediate between both homozygotes, the pattern of inheritance is ________.

A) incomplete dominance
B) codominance
C) independent assortment
D) sex linkage

Question 14

A woman with type A blood has the alleles I? and i. Her blood type is a result of

A) polygenic inheritance.
B) simple dominance.
C) codominance.
D) sex-linked recessive inheritance.

Question 15

People with the same blood type

A) are always unrelated.
B) are always related.
C) may or may not be related.
D) always have both alleles in common but are not necessarily related.

Question 16

Which statement about the inheritance of blood types in humans is correct?

A) Alleles I? and i are dominant to the allele I?.
B) Alleles I? and i are dominant to the allele I?.
C) Alleles I? and I? are dominant to the allele i.
D) Alleles I?, ?? and i are codominant.

Question 17

Multiple ________ occurs in the ABO blood system, where there are three distinct alleles in human populations.

Question 18

A child with the genotype I?? has type ________ blood.

A) A
B) B
C) AB
D) O

Question 19

Which of the following individuals doesn't have the Rh factor on their red blood cells?

A) Rh? Rh?
B) Rh? Rh?
C) Rh? Rh?
D) Rh? Rh?

Question 20

In human ABO blood types, the alleles for A and B are said to be ________ because they're both expressed.

Question 21

Females inherit two X chromosomes and males inherit one X chromosome. However, there is not a double dose of X gene products in females because of

A) nondisjunction.
B) X- linkage.
C) the SRY gene.
D) X inactivation in females.

Question 22

A patient with which blood type can receive blood from any donor?

A) type A
B) type B
C) type AB
D) type O

Question 23

What is the most common blood type in the U.S. population?

A) type O?
B) type B?
C) type AB?
D) type O?

Question 24

A person with hemophilia lacks the pleiotropic gene that codes for the protein called clotting factor VIII. This means that he or she will

A) have only the symptom of lack of blood clotting (bleeding).
B) always have the same symptoms as other hemophiliacs.
C) have many other symptoms in addition to excessive bleeding.
D) always have neurological problems.

Question 25

Hemophilia is a genetic disease that has plagued the royal houses of Europe. The disease allele is recessive and X-linked. Queen Victoria was a carrier, and her granddaughter Alexandra married Nicholas II, the last czar of imperial Russia. Alexandra was a carrier for hemophilia; Nicholas was normal. Their son, Alexis, was afflicted with the disease. Alexis and his four sisters were killed in 1917. It's most likely that

A) none of the four sisters carried the hemophilia allele.
B) at least one of the sisters was a carrier of the allele.
C) all four sisters were carriers of the hemophilia allele.
D) at least one of the sisters had hemophilia like Alexis.

Question 26

A patient with which blood type can donate blood to anyone?

A) type A
B) type B
C) type AB
D) type O

Question 27

A woman with type A blood and a man with type B blood have a baby with type O blood. What are the genotypes of the woman and the man?

A) I?? and I??
B) I??? and I??
C) I?? and I???
D) I??? and I???

Question 28

In humans, the allele for red-green color blindness is X-linked and recessive (X?; the dominant allele is called X?). A man with normal color vision marries a color-blind woman who gives birth to a color-blind daughter. From this, we can tell that

A) the woman is X?X?.
B) the man must be a carrier for the color blindness allele.
C) the daughter must be heterozygous.
D) the man is probably NOT the father of the daughter.

Question 29

When a dominant allele has different effects between heterozygous individuals and homozygous individuals, the phenomenon is called

A) codominance.
B) continuous variation.
C) incomplete dominance.
D) polygenic inheritance.

Question 30

A woman with type AB blood and a man with type O blood have a child. Which type of blood could the child have?

A) type A or type O
B) type B or type O
C) type AB or type O
D) type A or type B

Question 31

Describing a person as having hemophilia is to indicate his or her

A) genotype.
B) phenotype.
C) genetic code.
D) number of chromosomes.

Question 32

Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive allele causing a blood disorder. What are the chances that a daughter of a normal man and a woman, who is heterozygous for the disease, will have hemophilia?

A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 75%
D) 100%

Question 33

A man who carries a harmful allele for a sex-linked gene (on the X chromosome)will pass the allele on to

A) all of his daughters.
B) only half of his daughters.
C) only half of his sons.
D) all of his children.

Question 34

The ability of a gene to cause multiple effects on a phenotype is called

A) pleiotropy.
B) codominance.
C) polygenic inheritance.
D) continuous variation.

Question 35

Sex-linked traits can be expressed in

A) males only.
B) females only.
C) either males or females.
D) carriers only.

Question 36

Hemophiliacs have blood that does not coagulate well, and they often die at a young age. The disease allele is recessive and X-linked. Which of the following is the BEST prediction about the offspring of a hemophiliac male and a nonhemophiliac female who is a carrier for the disease?

A) All children would be hemophiliac.
B) All females would be hemophiliac.
C) All males would be hemophiliac.
D) Some males and females could be hemophiliac.

Question 37

A normal individual who is a carrier for an X-linked trait such as hemophilia

A) is always female.
B) is homozygous for the recessive condition.
C) shows the recessive phenotype.
D) cannot have daughters who have the allele.

Question 38

In addition to excessive bleeding, persons with hemophilia may have excessive bruising, pain and swelling in the joints, vision loss, anemia, or neurological problems. This is a result of the effects of a single gene loss and is called

A) codominance.
B) multiple allelism.
C) pleiotropy.
D) environmental effects.

Question 39

Human bone size and structure are a result of the environment and

A) polygenic inheritance.
B) codominance.
C) simple dominance.
D) sex-linked recessive inheritance.

Question 40

Y-linked genes include a gene that produces hairy ears. A male with hairy ears should pass this trait

A) only to his sons.
B) only to his daughters.
C) only to his grandsons.
D) to all his children if the mother is a carrier.

Question 41

A human sperm cell receives autosomes and

A) an X chromosome always.
B) either an X or a Y chromosome.
C) a Y chromosome always.
D) both an X and a Y chromosome.

Question 42

Queen Elizabeth II of England is a descendant of Edward VII of England, who was the son of Queen Victoria. Edward VII did not have hemophilia. Prince Philip, who is married to Queen Elizabeth II, is a descendant of Alice, the daughter of Queen Victoria. Alice was a carrier of hemophilia. However, Prince Philip does not have hemophilia. What can you assume about the children of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip?

A) None of the children could have the hemophilia allele.
B) Only the sons could have the hemophilia allele.
C) Only their daughter could have the hemophilia allele.
D) Any one of the children could have the hemophilia allele.

Question 43

A DNA fingerprint of a suspect doesn't match a DNA fingerprint from a blood sample taken at a crime scene. What can you conclude?

A) The suspect was never at the crime scene.
B) The blood sample was probably degraded or destroyed in some way.
C) There is no DNA in a blood sample.
D) The blood came from a different person, but the suspect may have been there.

Question 44

The allele for orange fur in cats is X?, while the allele for black fur is X?. You adopt a tortoiseshell kitten (with orange and black fur). When you take the kitten to the vet, you find out that it is a male. What is the genotype of this kitten?

A) X?Y
B) X?X?
C) X?Y
D) X?X?Y

Question 45

Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive trait in humans. If phenotypically normal parents have children without hemophilia, pedigree analysis

A) could demonstrate that neither parent carries the hemophiliac allele.
B) would show that none of their children is a carrier of the hemophilia allele.
C) would show that none of their children could have hemophiliac children.
D) would not be able to show the exact genotypes of the parents or children.

Question 46

England's Prince Philip was found to have DNA sequences that matched ________.

A) both the tsar and the tsarina
B) the tsar but not the tsarina
C) the tsarina but not the tsar
D) neither the tsar nor the tsarina

Question 47

VNTR stands for

A) variable number tandem repeats.
B) varied nucleotides to repeat.
C) volumes of nucleotide tandem repeats.
D) variation of nucleotide terminal repeats.

Question 48

DNA fragments must be denatured during the polymerase chain reaction due to which of the following?

A) Taq polymerase breaks down when heated
B) the repeated gene sequences are not present in double-stranded DNA
C) the primer must bind to a single-stranded template to synthesize double-stranded DNA
D) VNTRs have DNA sequences that vary in number

Question 49

Because the bones thought to belong to the Romanov family were highly decayed, scientists determined the gender of each deceased individual by utilizing which type of analysis?

A) pelvic bone analysis only
B) DNA analysis of material that is specific to the Y chromosome
C) DNA analysis of material that is specific to the X chromosome
D) both pelvic bone analysis and DNA analysis

Question 50

What is responsible for the tortoiseshell phenotype in some female cats?

A) codominance
B) X inactivation
C) incomplete dominance
D) pleiotropy

Question 51

A family tree that is used to follow human matings that have already occurred is a

A) test cross.
B) karyotype.
C) sex-linked record.
D) pedigree.

Question 52

Polydactyly is a dominant trait. A male who has polydactyly would be represented by what symbol on a pedigree chart?

A) a half-shaded square
B) a shaded square
C) a half-shaded circle
D) a clear circle

Question 53

What does a half-shaded circle represent on a pedigree chart?

A) a female carrier
B) a female who does not have an allele for the genetic disorder represented
C) a male who is affected by the genetic disorder represented
D) a male carrier

Question 54

In humans, the sex of the offspring is ordinarily determined by the

A) autosomes carried by the egg cell.
B) autosomes carried by the sperm cell.
C) sex chromosome carried by the egg cell.
D) sex chromosome carried by the sperm cell.

Question 55

On a pedigree chart, a son who is affected by a genetic disorder would be represented by which symbol?

A) a shaded circle
B) a clear circle
C) a shaded square
D) a clear square

Question 56

A pedigree of the British royal family shows that Queen Victoria was the first in the royal line to have

A) hemophilia.
B) all of her children born with hemophilia.
C) a mutation in a blood-clotting gene.
D) inherited a mutation in a blood-clotting allele.

Question 57

Which of the following types of forensic evidence was available for scientists studying the case of the Romanovs?

A) fingerprint
B) toxicology
C) DNA
D) footprint

Question 58

Humans possess

A) 2 pairs of sex chromosomes and 46 pairs of autosomes.
B) 2 pairs of sex chromosomes and 22 pairs of autosomes.
C) 1 pair of sex chromosomes and 46 pairs of autosomes.
D) 1 pair of sex chromosomes and 22 pairs of autosomes.

Question 59

What are the chances that a hemophiliac male and an unaffected female could have a baby that is a hemophiliac male?

A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%

Question 60

When comparing the DNA fingerprints of a parent and child, the parent's DNA fingerprint will have which of the following genetic traits?

A) all of the DNA bands that the child has
B) more than half of the DNA bands that the child has
C) DNA bands that match those in the child's fingerprint and that aren't from the other parent
D) DNA bands that are very close to bands found in the child but do not match precisely

Question 61

DNA moves in an electric field toward

A) a positive charge.
B) a negative charge.
C) the highest concentration of gel.
D) the smallest sized DNA fragments.

Question 62

VNTRs are

A) fragments of DNA that have been denatured.
B) nucleotide sequences that correspond to specific genes.
C) distinct nucleotide sequences that everyone has in different numbers.
D) nucleotide sequences that are different in different individuals.

Question 63

The enzyme used to synthesize daughter strands of DNA during PCR is called a ________.

A) replicase.
B) DNA polymerase.
C) RNA polymerase.
D) Taq polymerase.

Question 64

Different persons have different DNA fingerprints because

A) they have completely different kinds of VNTRs.
B) they have different numbers of the same VNTR.
C) PCR generates some sequences more than other sequences.
D) restriction enzymes may not cut some VNTRs if adjacent to different DNA sequences.

Question 65

What does each different band on a DNA fingerprint represent?

A) gene
B) VNTR site
C) allele
D) pleiotropy

Question 66

In DNA fingerprinting, amplified fragments of DNA are separated from one another by which process?

A) filtering
B) chromatography
C) electrophoresis
D) PCR (polymerase chain reaction)

Question 67

What is the function of Taq polymerase?

A) to denature DNA so its strands separate
B) to bond to complementary DNA
C) to free nucleotides from a DNA strand
D) to use primers to initiate DNA synthesis

Question 68

What is one reason why the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)is so useful for DNA fingerprinting?

A) It can produce millions of copies from tiny amounts of DNA.
B) It can be used to compare DNA from different individuals.
C) It can identify the complete sequence of a gene.
D) It can allow scientists to visualize the DNA of specific individuals.

Question 69

Gel electrophoresis separates DNA segments on the basis of their

A) weight.
B) length.
C) types of nucleotides.
D) complexity.

Question 70

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)is used to

A) analyze a person's fingerprints.
B) separate fragments of DNA.
C) make many copies of a small amount of DNA.
D) cut DNA into many small pieces.

Question 71

Which of the following is used to produce genetic fingerprints of people?

A) RNA polymerase
B) Punnett squares
C) pedigree analysis
D) VNTRs