Deck 17: Organ Donation: Tissues Organs and Organ Systems

Question 1

How do the protein fibers in the matrix ground substance compare between loose and fibrous connective tissues?

A) In loose connective tissues, the protein fibers are loosely woven, but in fibrous connective tissues, the fibers are densely packed.
B) In fibrous connective tissues, the protein fibers are loosely woven, but in loose connective tissues, the fibers are densely packed.
C) The protein fibers are dark red in fibrous connective tissue but are white in loose connective tissues.
D) The protein fibers are white in fibrous connective tissue but are dark red in loose connective tissues.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What type of matrix does adipose (fat)tissue exhibit?

A) liquid
B) viscous
C) solid
D) fibrous

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The cells that make up loose connective tissue are called

A) fibroblasts.
B) osteocytes.
C) chondrocytes.
D) hepatocytes.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The cells that make up cartilage are called

A) fibroblasts.
B) osteocytes.
C) chondrocytes.
D) hepatocytes.

Question 5

Which tissue type lines the intestines and helps in the absorption of nutrients?

A) muscle
B) connective
C) epithelial
D) nervous

Question 6

Which cellular component of blood helps in clotting?

A) red blood cells
B) white blood cells
C) plasma
D) platelets

Question 7

Osteocytes are cells that secrete substances to make the connective tissue called ________.

Question 8

Which of these connective tissues has a liquid matrix?

A) cartilage
B) blood
C) adipose tissue
D) fibrous connective tissue

Question 9

Over time, how do skeletal muscle cells respond to regular weight-lifting exercise?

A) They get larger, making the overall muscle bigger.
B) They multiply, making the overall muscle bigger.
C) They are able to contract for longer periods of time.
D) They contain more actin and less myosin.

Question 10

Fat and blood are classified as ________ tissues.

A) muscle
B) connective
C) epithelial
D) nervous

Question 11

Which tissue type in the human body is often exposed to air?

A) muscle
B) connective
C) epithelial
D) nervous

Question 12

What type of tissues can be transplanted from one person to another to reconstruct damaged joints?

A) cartilage
B) epithelium
C) bone
D) blood

Question 13

How do striated and smooth muscles differ?

A) Striated muscle is involuntary, but smooth muscle is voluntary.
B) Striated muscle has a banding pattern under the microscope, but smooth muscle doesn't.
C) Striated muscle can contract for a long period, but smooth muscle contracts very briefly.
D) Striated muscle cells have nuclei, but smooth muscle cells do not.

Question 14

When stored fat is used for energy, adipose cells in the body

A) grow larger.
B) become smaller.
C) multiply.
D) are converted into fibroblasts.

Question 15

Which tissue type in the human body is exposed directly to the bloodstream?

A) muscle
B) connective
C) epithelial
D) nervous

Question 16

The tissue type that protects the body from water loss is ________.

Question 17

Similar cells that are grouped together and perform a common function are called

A) tissues.
B) organs.
C) organ systems.
D) accessory organs.

Question 18

Besides structural support for the body, what function do bones serve?

A) They synthesize fat, a source of energy.
B) They provide sites for the storage of water.
C) They are compressible and flexible enough to act as shock absorbers.
D) They donate certain minerals when dietary levels are insufficient.

Question 19

Why does cigarette smoke cause a smoker's skin to wrinkle over time?

A) The fibroblast cells that secrete proteins to the skin are degraded.
B) The collagen and elastin matrix that holds skin to muscle is broken down.
C) The ground substance in skin is converted to protein fibers.
D) The nervous tissue that makes skin tighten is destroyed.

Question 20

What is a function of loose connective tissue?

A) to hold organs in place
B) to store energy-rich reserves of fat
C) to move substances throughout the body
D) to contract when signaled by nerve cells

Question 21

The replacement of the epidermis occurs

A) only once in a person's lifetime.
B) every 4-6 years.
C) every 4-6 weeks.
D) every 4-6 days.

Question 22

Unlike most organs, the ________ of a donor can be cut into smaller sections and transplanted, then grow back to full size in both the donor and recipient.

A) gallbladder
B) stomach
C) pancreas
D) liver

Question 23

Voluntary movement relies upon

A) conscious thought and cardiac muscle.
B) conscious thought and striated muscle.
C) conscious thought and smooth muscle.
D) unconscious thought and smooth muscle.

Question 24

In which connective tissue type are the collagen fibers arranged parallel with one another in a very organized, layered fashion?

A) bone
B) blood
C) adipose tissue
D) fibrous connective tissue

Question 25

If a car is similar to an organism, then what is similar to an organ system?

A) a valve in the engine
B) the steering wheel
C) the electrical system
D) gasoline

Question 26

The proteins that make up the matrix of loose connective tissue are secreted by ________.

A) hepatocytes
B) fibroblasts
C) chondrocytes
D) osteocytes

Question 27

Which type of cells protects the body from the potentially harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation?

A) nervous
B) muscle
C) epithelial
D) connective

Question 28

Most donated tissues can be stored in a freezer up to

A) a week.
B) a month.
C) a year.
D) 5 years.

Question 29

Platelets are cells found in a type of

A) epithelial tissue.
B) muscle tissue.
C) nervous tissue.
D) connective tissue.

Question 30

Which of the following diseases affects the liver and could be transferred by an organ transplant?

A) hepatitis C
B) diabetes
C) gonorrhea
D) tuberculosis

Question 31

In a(n)________ digestive system, a single structure serves as both the mouth and the anus.

Question 32

Up to ________ of the energy supplied by the digestion of food is needed to maintain a complete digestive system.

A) 1%
B) 10%
C) 30%
D) 75%

Question 33

Emulsification is the

A) digestion of food inside vacuoles.
B) breaking up of fat molecules.
C) secretion of digestive enzymes in the stomach.
D) involuntary movement of a bolus through the alimentary canal.

Question 34

The liver filters which of the following from the blood?

A) toxins
B) chyme
C) hepatocytes
D) glycogen

Question 35

What activity of the liver makes it act as an accessory organ?

A) production of bile
B) synthesis of blood-clotting factors
C) destruction of old blood cells
D) detoxification

Question 36

Fibroblasts are to fibrous connective tissue as ________ are to cartilage.

A) osteoblasts
B) chondrocytes
C) osteocytes
D) hepatocytes

Question 37

Which of the following represent the main components of "red meat"?

A) osteocytes
B) fibroblasts
C) collagen and elastin
D) actin and myosin

Question 38

Which type of body tissue acts as padding under the skin?

A) nervous
B) muscle
C) epithelial
D) connective

Question 39

The material that provides the internal, flexible support of the ear is an example of

A) epithelial tissue.
B) muscle tissue.
C) nervous tissue.
D) connective tissue.

Question 40

Which of the following is an example of voluntary muscle contraction?

A) a push-up
B) peristalsis
C) a heartbeat
D) stomach churning

Question 41

Which of the following is an endotherm?

A) a mouse
B) an insect
C) a salmon
D) a frog

Question 42

Which of the following is a true statement about organs?

A) Each organ has a single function within the body.
B) An organ always contains at least three different tissue types.
C) Failure of an individual organ can affect an entire organ system.
D) Most organs function to provide the body with energy.

Question 43

Which organ system acts upon substances contained in the alimentary canal?

A) circulatory system
B) digestive system
C) integumentary system
D) excretory system

Question 44

The cells that make up the liver are called

A) fibroblasts.
B) osteocytes.
C) chondrocytes.
D) hepatocytes.

Question 45

What function does the gallbladder serve?

A) nutrient absorption
B) bile storage and concentration
C) sugar digestion
D) fat storage

Question 46

Gallstones result when the gallbladder

A) doesn't function at all.
B) removes too much water from bile.
C) converts bile into crystallized calcium propionate.
D) fills with dead hepatocytes.

Question 47

The enzyme in saliva that breaks down sugars is called ________ (two words).

Question 48

What part of the digestive system has the most surface area for the absorption of nutrients?

A) esophagus
B) stomach
C) small intestine
D) large intestine

Question 49

The contraction of smooth muscles that moves a bolus of food down the esophagus is called

A) emulsification.
B) elimination.
C) peristalsis.
D) detoxification.

Question 50

The simplest eukaryotes, such as protozoans, rely upon

A) digestion within food vacuoles.
B) food production within specialized cells.
C) an incomplete digestive system.
D) a complete digestive system.

Question 51

Just before entering the small intestine, what is the pH of chyme?

A) very basic (very high pH)
B) slightly basic (high pH)
C) neutral (pH near 7)
D) acidic (low pH)

Question 52

Which organ in the digestive system can be transplanted to help certain diabetic patients?

A) stomach
B) gallbladder
C) liver
D) pancreas

Question 53

A person born without an epiglottis couldn't

A) digest fats.
B) digest proteins.
C) absorb the products of digestion.
D) swallow food without a high risk of choking.

Question 54

Accessory organs

A) aren't included in organ systems.
B) secrete enzymes required for digestion.
C) don't contain connective tissue.
D) assist other organs in the circulatory system.

Question 55

A digested nutrient enters the bloodstream via

A) a series of large pores in the duodenum.
B) tiny blood vessels inside the microvilli.
C) the liver.
D) small openings in the epithelium of the stomach.

Question 56

Which of the following secretes a buffer that neutralizes the acidity of stomach acid?

A) gall bladder
B) liver
C) pancreas
D) pharynx

Question 57

Homeostasis is an organism's ability to

A) obtain energy from food.
B) interact with its specific environment.
C) maintain a constant internal environment.
D) survive without water for long periods of time.

Question 58

Which of the following is a hormone that is involved in digestion?

A) bile
B) hydrochloric acid
C) gastrin
D) amylase

Question 59

What is the correct sequence of bodily organization, from simple to complex?

A) cells - tissues - organs - organ systems - organism
B) organs - organ systems - tissues - cells - organism
C) tissues - cells - organs - organ systems - organism
D) cells - tissues - organ systems - organs - organism

Question 60

A person can live a normal life without which of these digestive system organs?

A) liver
B) gallbladder
C) pancreas
D) small intestine

Question 61

During thermoregulation, how does an endotherm respond to a high body temperature?

A) Blood vessels near the skin dilate.
B) Blood vessels near the skin constrict.
C) The brain shuts down to prevent damage.
D) Blood glucose levels increase to stimulate metabolism.

Question 62

Why are there more tissues available for transplant than organs?

A) Tissues can be transplanted regardless of blood type, but the blood types must match between organ donors and recipients.
B) Nonhuman animals are the source of most tissue transplants, but organs for transplant must come from humans.
C) Tissues can be removed from living donors, whereas organs can only be removed from dead bodies.
D) Tissues can be frozen and preserved, but organs deteriorate quickly without nourishment from oxygen and blood.

Question 63

Ectotherms primarily regulate their body temperature by

A) adjusting their rate of metabolism.
B) absorbing or releasing heat.
C) eating more or less, depending on their need for body heat.
D) panting when it gets too hot and shivering when it gets too cold.

Question 64

In order to increase blood glucose levels, the pancreas secretes the hormone ________, which stimulates the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose.

A) insulin
B) gastrin
C) glucagon
D) cholesystokinin

Question 65

Insulin, which is released by the pancreas, stimulates the ________ to convert glucose into glycogen.

A) stomach
B) gallbladder
C) liver
D) brain

Question 66

After a large meal is digested, the liver reduces blood glucose levels by

A) converting glucose to glycogen.
B) breaking down glucose into waste products.
C) stimulating the pancreas to store excess glucose.
D) releasing hormones that inhibit the pancreas.

Question 67

Which organ isn't able to be transplanted from a donor to a recipient?

A) a kidney
B) a heart
C) a liver
D) a brain

Question 68

The maintenance of constant internal body temperature is an example of homeostasis called ________.

Question 69

In nature, an ectothermic animal maintains a constant body temperature on a cold day by

A) basking in a sunny location.
B) increasing its rate of metabolism without basking.
C) eating more food, which creates heat as it's burned for energy.
D) shivering.

Question 70

The maintenance of blood glucose levels by the liver is an example of

A) diabetes.
B) thermoregulation.
C) positive feedback.
D) negative feedback.