Deck 12: Eyewitness Testimony

Question 1

Which group of individuals did Jacoby, Bishara, Hessels, and Toth (2005)find was most strongly influenced by misleading suggestions?
(A)Judges
(B)Younger adults
(C)Older adults
(D)Lawyers
(E)Psychologists

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Super-recognizers are:
(A)Individuals having an outstanding ability to recognize human voices
(B)Individuals having an outstanding ability to recognize human faces
(C)Individuals having an outstanding ability to recognize a specific person in the crowd
(D)Individuals having an outstanding ability to recognize accents
(E)Individuals having an outstanding ability to recognize the type of weapon used in a crime

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of these components is involved in the cognitive interview?
(A)Adopting different viewpoints
(B)Mental reinstatement
(C)Encouragement for detail
(D)Recounting the event in different orders
(E)All of these

Answer 3

E

Question 4

The correct ordering of the words used in the Loftus and Palmer (1974)study that prompted the SLOWEST numeric group estimate of car speed to the FASTEST is:
(A)Bumped, contacted, hit, collided, smashed
(B)Smashed, collided, bumped, hit, contacted
(C)Contacted, hit, bumped, collided, smashed
(D)Bumped, collided, contacted, hit, smashed
(E)Contacted, bumped, hit, collided, smashed

Question 5

The findings reported by Jones et al. (2017)showed that:
(A)Face-recognition performance was best following presentation of a single photograph and worst following presentation of synthesized images
(B)Face-recognition performance was the same following presentation of a single photograph and following presentation of synthesized images
(C)Face-recognition performance was worst following presentation of a single photograph and best following presentation of synthesized images
(D)Super-recognizers are better at recognizing synthesized images
(E)Face-recognition performance is always at ceiling

Question 6

According to Gabbert, Hope, Fisher, and Jamieson (2012), what could protect memory traces from distortion by misleading information?
(A)Working memory training
(B)An early opportunity to recall the details of a witnessed crime
(C)A delayed recall of the details of a witnessed crime
(D)Proactive interference
(E)Retroactive interference

Question 7

The phenomenon where an individual selects a familiar but innocent face from a line-up is termed:
(A)Debunked
(B)Source monitoring
(C)Verbal overshadowing
(D)Unconscious transference
(E)Identity confusion

Question 8

Richler, Cheung, and Gauthier (2011)are some of the researchers who have demonstrated that face recognition involves which type of processing, in that information from several different regions is integrated?
(A)Serial
(B)Sparse
(C)Parabolic
(D)Holistic
(E)Distributed

Question 9

Pickel (2009)obtained specific support for the prediction that people pay attention to stimuli that are _______ in a situation, such as a female criminal carrying a folding knife or a male criminal with a knitting needle.
(A)Shiny
(B)Manufactured, rather than organic
(C)Schema-consistent
(D)Typical
(E)Unexpected

Question 10

The tendency for witnesses to attend to an object used in a crime rather than the perpetrator(s)is known as the _[BLANK]_ effect.
(A)Generation
(B)Allocentric orienting
(C)Egocentric orienting
(D)Self-reference
(E)Weapon-focus

Question 11

According to the textbook, more than 200 individuals were found guilty based on mistaken eyewitness identification, but were later exonerated primarily on the basis of which of the following?
(A)DNA test results
(B)New sequential lineups
(C)A newly confirmed alibi
(D)Personality inventory results
(E)Lie detector results

Question 12

Leippe et al. (2004)presented evidence that exposing mock jurors to which of the following reduced guilty verdicts from 74% to 59%, independent of the strength of the case against the defendant?
(A)Fingerprint evidence
(B)DNA evidence
(C)Expert testimony
(D)Video recordings
(E)Written confessions

Question 13

According to Bartlett (1932), schema-based information is used to ______ the details of an event, according to "what must have been true."
(A)Map
(B)Model
(C)Reconstruct
(D)Reproduce
(E)Replay

Question 14

The meta-analysis conducted by Deffenbacher et al. (2004)identified that eyewitness testimony was most accurate in which condition?
(A)High stress and high anxiety
(B)Low mood and low anxiety
(C)Low stress and low anxiety
(D)High mood and low anxiety
(E)None of these

Question 15

Dahl, Granér, Fransson, Bertilsson, and Fredriksson (2018)obtained eyewitness testimony from 13 eyewitnesses to a real- life, highly stressful incident in which the police killed a man with a knife. They found that:
(A)Eyewitnesses gave very different reports
(B)Eyewitnesses gave similar but inaccurate reports
(C)Eyewitnesses gave similar and accurate reports
(D)Eyewitnesses were too stressed to recall
(E)Eyewitnesses were too stressed to talk

Question 16

Failure to notice the introduction of an unexpected object in a visual display is best termed:
(A)Blind spot
(B)Change blindness
(C)Attentional blink
(D)Misinformation effect
(E)Inattentional blindness

Question 17

Which framework did Johnson, Hashtroudi, and Lindsay (1993)apply to explain the effects of misleading post-event information?
(A)Information processing
(B)Source misattribution
(C)Schema theory
(D)Operant conditioning
(E)Associationism

Question 18

Oeberst and Blank (2012)argued that:
(A)Misinformation does not exist
(B)Misinformation typically changes memory traces.
(C)Misinformation typically does not permanently change memory traces
(D)Misinformation sometimes changes memory traces, depending on the situation
(E)Misinformation is closely related to classical conditioning

Question 19

Major differences, covered in the text, between eyewitness experiences in the laboratory versus real life include all of the following, EXCEPT:
(A)Eyewitness evidence tends to come from victims, rather than bystanders, in real-life crimes
(B)Laboratory conditions tend to give eyewitnesses more time observing the criminal
(C)Eyewitnesses in the lab tend to only a passive, single perspective of the situation
(D)It is often more stressful to experience a real-life crime
(E)The consequences for mistaken identification are typically higher in lab-based scenarios

Question 20

What did Wells et al. (2015)find?
(A)There were more incorrect identifications of an innocent person with simultaneous than with sequential line-ups
(B)There were more incorrect identifications of an innocent person with sequential than with simultaneous line-ups
(C)There were equally incorrect identifications of an innocent person with simultaneous and with sequential line-ups
(D)Individuals have an outstanding ability to recognize accents
(E)All identifications were correct

Question 21

The ability to accurately weigh the quality of evidence provided by an eyewitness refers to what Martire and Kemp (2001)would call:
(A)Misattribution
(B)Scepticism
(C)Animosity
(D)Sensitivity
(E)Suggestibility

Question 22

Ihlebaek et al. (2003)presented evidence that eyewitnesses in which of their conditions recalled more accurate information (e.g., height, age, and weight estimates of the perpetrator)?
(A)Suggestive therapy
(B)Live
(C)Real-life
(D)Hypnosis
(E)Video