Deck 9: Incidental Forgetting

Question 1

When the target information is distorted by subsequent information, this is known as which form of interference?
(A)Retroactive
(B)Proactive
(C)Retrograde
(D)Cue
(E)Associative

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Jost's Law states that if two memories are equally strong at a given time, which memory will tend to be more durable and forgotten less rapidly?
(A)That which was encoded in a happy mood
(B)The newer
(C)The shallower
(D)The one associated with a more positive context
(E)The older

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Parker, Cahill, and McGaugh (2006)termed patient AJ's condition:
(A)Fugue state
(B)Organic amnesia
(C)Hyperthmestic
(D)HIAM
(E)Prosopagnosia

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The difficulty most people have in remembering the first several years of their life is called:
(A)Childhood blackout
(B)Alzheimer's Disease
(C)Infantile amnesia
(D)Early-onset dementia
(E)Critical period

Question 5

Assuming that one learned "SHOE-LEMON" after studying "SHOE-POOL," forgetting which of the following items would be the best evidence of the consequences of PROACTIVE interference?
(A)SHINE
(B)POOL
(C)SHOE
(D)CITRUS
(E)LEMON

Question 6

Which term best describes forgetting that arises WITHOUT the intention to forget?
(A)Intentional forgetting
(B)Accidental forgetting
(C)Motivated forgetting
(D)Incidental forgetting
(E)Episodic forgetting

Question 7

The rate of forgetting exhibited by Ebbinghaus could best be described as which of the following?
(A)Linear
(B)Bimodal
(C)Logarithmic
(D)Power
(E)Quadratic

Question 8

Linton (1975)demonstrated that doing what to personal memories helped protect them from forgetting?
(A)All of these
(B)Suppressing them
(C)Writing about them a single time in a diary
(D)Retrieving related memories to the exclusion of the target memories
(E)Retrieving them periodically

Question 9

According to Endel Tulving's terminology, whether a memory is in storage or not refers to its:
(A)Associative neighborhood
(B)Accessibility
(C)Activation level
(D)Attenuation
(E)Availability

Question 10

Synaptic consolidation is generally considered to last on the order of:
(A)Seconds to minutes
(B)Hours to days
(C)Milliseconds to seconds
(D)Years
(E)Weeks to months

Question 11

Exposing people to a reminder of a previously consolidated memory is thought to render that memory:
(A)All of these
(B)Vulnerable to disruption
(C)Reactivated
(D)In need of restabilization
(E)Subject to reconsolidation

Question 12

What was the critical factor related to forgetting in the Baddeley and Hitch (1977)study of rugby players' memories?
(A)Number of team members
(B)Number of preceding games
(C)Familiarity
(D)Number of times retrieved
(E)Number of intervening games

Question 13

Bahrick (1984)suggested the term permastore to describe the observation that forgetting of what stabilizes after about two years?
(A)Motor sequences
(B)Map locations
(C)Foreign language
(D)Unrelated scenes
(E)People's names

Question 14

Bäuml and Aslan (2004)found which of the following groups did NOT show reliable evidence of forgetting of the non-cue items on the first test?
(A)Part-set re-study
(B)Part-set retrieval
(C)Part-set cuing
(D)Partial inhibition of return
(E)Cue overload

Question 15

Frankland, Kohler, and Josselyn (2013)specifically proposed that which of the following may, counterintuitively, be bad for the retention of existing memories, though it may benefit new learning?
(A)Neurotransmission
(B)Cell death
(C)Deterioration of existing tissue
(D)Neurogenesis
(E)Long-term potentiation

Question 16

To which phenomenon does collaborative inhibition refer?
(A)The tendency for peer pressure to marginalize individuals in brainstorming
(B)The tendency for groups to recall more information than individuals combined
(C)The tendency for groups to diverge in topics during memory tasks
(D)The tendency for groups to recall less information than individuals combined
(E)The tendency for groups to remain on the same topic in memory tasks

Question 17

Anderson, Bjork, and Bjork (1994)term any associates of a target memory which of the following?
(A)Addressees
(B)Pointers
(C)Competitors
(D)Integrators
(E)Bystanders

Question 18

According to Delaney, Sahakyan, Kelly and Zimmerman's (2010)results, doing what after studying a list of unrelated words REDUCED memory for that list the most on a later test?
(A)Daydreaming about a domestic trip
(B)Daydreaming about a international trip
(C)Reading aloud from a psychology textbook
(D)Rehearsing the words on the list
(E)Imagining the words from the list interacting with each other

Question 19

Proactive interference is most pronounced using which experimental paradigm?
(A)Yes/no recognition
(B)Recall
(C)Remember/know judgments
(D)Word-stem completion
(E)Forced-choice recognition

Question 20

Which of these factors may explain incidental forgetting?
(A)All of these
(B)Trace decay
(C)Contextual shifts
(D)Proactive interference
(E)Retroactive interference

Question 21

The left and right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex regions have largely been associated with the resolution of response conflict and which of these general abilities?
(A)Autonomic responses
(B)Cogntiive control
(C)Motion detection
(D)Primary motor responses
(E)Heart rate

Question 22

What term did Anderson et al. (1994)coin to refer to the predisposition for selective retrieval of some exemplars from long-term memory to impair later recall of related items?
(A)Proactive interference
(B)Part-set curing
(C)Response competition
(D)Cue-overload hypothesis
(E)Retrieval-induced forgetting

Question 23

How does interference arise according to associative blocking?
(A)The cue fails to retrieve the target due to persistently evoking a stronger competitor
(B)The cue fails to retrieve all possible responses
(C)The target item overpowers the competitors
(D)Semantic categories cause interference during retrieval
(E)The researcher uses a masking technique

Question 24

Which of the following properties support a role of inhibition as a source of forgetting?
(A)Retrieval-specificity
(B)Cue-independence
(C)All of these
(D)Interference-dependence
(E)Attention-dependence