Deck 24: Growing a Green Thumb: Plant Physiology

Question 1

Which of the following plants store CO? in the form of malic acid and close their stomata during the day?

A) C? plants
B) C? plants
C) CAM plants
D) hornworts and liverworts

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which type of plant would have the greatest rate of transpiration during the day?

A) a cactus
B) a plant with many large leaves
C) a plant with few and small leaves
D) a C? plant that grows in a hot, sunny, dry environment

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following allows a plant to conserve water?

A) increasing photosynthesis during the day
B) opening stomata only at night
C) possessing large leaves
D) developing wide vessel elements

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Plants that drop their leaves on an annual basis are called

A) annuals.
B) perennials.
C) deciduous.
D) biennials.

Question 5

The flow of water through a plant, from the soil to the leaves, is due to

A) translocation.
B) transpiration.
C) respiration.
D) an internal pump.

Question 6

The tendency of water molecules to stick together is called

A) cohesion.
B) adhesion.
C) tension.
D) transpiration.

Question 7

Why DON'T water molecules located within a column of xylem sap move apart?

A) Cohesion holds the water molecules to each other; adhesion holds water molecules to the cellulose in plant cell walls.
B) Adhesion holds the water molecules to each other; tension holds water molecules to the cellulose in plant cells walls.
C) Tension holds the water molecules to each other; cohesion holds water molecules to the cellulose in plant cell walls.
D) Adhesion holds the water molecules to each other; cohesion holds water molecules to the cellulose in plant cell walls.

Question 8

What will happen to a houseplant that's overwatered?

A) The leaves will burst.
B) The leaves will wilt.
C) The flowers will leak excess water.
D) It will grow faster than usual.

Question 9

The negative water pressure resulting from water evaporating from the stomata of a leaf creates

A) cohesion.
B) adhesion.
C) tension.
D) pressure flow.

Question 10

The leaves of cacti

A) don't exist.
B) are dropped during periods of drought.
C) have been modified into spines.
D) are very large to absorb plenty of sunlight.

Question 11

Which of the following plants is best adapted to prevent an embolism in their xylem tubes?

A) a banana plant in a very warm climate
B) a spruce tree with narrow, tapering tracheids
C) a maple tree with wide, perforated vessel elements
D) a cattail in a marsh

Question 12

The cold tolerance of a plant is called its

A) photoperiodism.
B) persistence.
C) hardiness.
D) apical dominance.

Question 13

Ice formation can destroy plant cells when

A) water flows into cells via osmosis as the temperature drops.
B) adhesion increases inside xylem tubes.
C) jagged ice crystals puncture cell membranes.
D) cells are poisoned by dissolved "antifreeze" solutes.

Question 14

Which of the following is most similar to the way in which water is moved through the xylem sap of a plant?

A) a person drinking through a straw
B) a vaccine being ejected out of a syringe
C) water gushing up from a fountain
D) a dart being blown out the end of a blowgun

Question 15

Plants can change rates of transpiration by

A) changing the size of stomata openings.
B) making a cellulose plug in the xylem tubes.
C) promoting flowering.
D) reducing cohesion.

Question 16

What type of force moves water up a tree, from its roots to its leaves?

A) pushing
B) pulling
C) pumping
D) positive pressure

Question 17

Which of the following is a C? plant?

A) pineapple
B) sugarcane
C) jade plant
D) oak tree

Question 18

Whereas vessel elements produce ________ friction on the flow of water than tracheids, they result in ________.

A) more; a reduced risk of an embolism
B) less; a greater risk of an embolism
C) more; reduced rates of water loss from leaves during a drought
D) less; the prevention of water loss from leaves during a drought

Question 19

What is contained within the xylem sap of a plant?

A) water only
B) water and dissolved minerals only
C) water and sugars produced from photosynthesis only
D) water, dissolved minerals, and sugars

Question 20

The overall process illustrated by this diagram is

A) C? adaptations.
B) CAM adaptations.
C) apical dominance.
D) transpiration.

Question 21

The time from the final frost in the spring to the first frost in the fall is called

A) transpiration.
B) hardiness.
C) a growing season.
D) translocation.

Question 22

Plants that have undergone a gradual cooling period and are able to resist cold environmental temperatures are referred to as ________.

Question 23

Both C? and CAM pathways of photosynthesis allow plants to

A) perform photosynthesis in the absence of carbon dioxide.
B) outcompete C? plants in cool, dry conditions.
C) keep stomata partially or completely closed during the hottest parts of the day.
D) take up carbon dioxide at night and then store it as an acid until the day.

Question 24

Plants living in areas with moist soils are most likely to have

A) many narrow, tapering tracheids.
B) lots of wide, perforated vessel elements.
C) frequent embolisms and loss of tension.
D) reduced transpiration rates.

Question 25

In plants, embolisms are

A) toxic acids produced when stomata are closed and it's sunny.
B) formations of ice crystals when a plant is subjected to below-freezing temperatures.
C) hormones that result in apical dominance.
D) air bubbles that form within xylem.

Question 26

Florists and horticulturists often cut stems while they're holding a plant underwater in order to

A) avoid transpiration.
B) prevent dormancy.
C) disrupt apical dominance.
D) avoid formation of an embolism.

Question 27

Where would you expect a plant with the largest leaves to grow?

A) in sunny conditions
B) in shady sites
C) in dry conditions
D) in very sandy soils

Question 28

The most simple terrestrial plants, in terms of plant structure, include

A) ferns.
B) mosses.
C) gymnosperms.
D) liverworts.

Question 29

Negative water pressure in the xylem of a plant is called

A) torsion.
B) cohesion.
C) adhesion.
D) tension.

Question 30

Which of the following is an example of a CAM plant?

A) sugarcane
B) corn
C) crabgrass
D) aloe plant

Question 31

Many deciduous plants are adapted to drop their leaves

A) when overwatered.
B) during summer.
C) during droughts.
D) whenever daylight cycles shorten.

Question 32

Gymnosperms are also called

A) liverworts.
B) mosses.
C) ferns.
D) conifers.

Question 33

Which of the following are the water-conducting cells in mosses?

A) xylem cells
B) vessel elements
C) tracheids
D) hydroids

Question 34

The oldest group of plants possessing true xylem and phloem is the

A) liverworts.
B) mosses.
C) ferns.
D) conifers.

Question 35

The xylem tubes of drought-adapted plant species have narrow, tapering cells called ________.

Question 36

The "pulling" of a water column from the soil to the leaves is due to

A) hydrogen bonds.
B) gravity.
C) hardiness.
D) active transport.

Question 37

Which of these plants closes its stomata during the day and conducts photosynthesis using chemically stored carbon?

A) moss
B) Kentucky bluegrass
C) jade plant
D) oak tree

Question 38

Which of the following phenomena drives transpiration in a terrestrial woody plant?

A) evaporation
B) gravitropism
C) translocation
D) photoperiodism

Question 39

The tallest living tree, standing 112 meters (367 feet)tall, is a redwood (Sequoia sempervirens)located in California. The tallest trees in the world, such as redwoods, are gymnosperms because

A) only gymnosperms have xylem cells, which assist in transpiration.
B) their very stiff xylem cells support the increase in height and weight.
C) only gymnosperms can transport water so high off the ground via negative water pressure.
D) deciduous trees possess cohesion but lack the adhesion necessary for water tension.

Question 40

The ancestors of land plants were green ________.

Question 41

The sugars in a peach tree move

A) only toward the fruit.
B) only toward the sugar source.
C) only toward a sugar sink.
D) either toward or away from sugar sources.

Question 42

Cytosol leaks into plant cell vacuoles when

A) water freezes outside a plant cell.
B) water freezes inside a plant cell.
C) severe drought conditions shut down normal rates of transpiration.
D) the critical night length isn't met.

Question 43

Plants that flower only if day length is less than a critical value are called

A) short-day plants.
B) long-day plants.
C) biennial plants.
D) perennial plants.

Question 44

Dormancy is

A) the ability of a plant to produce fruits.
B) a plant's annual rest period.
C) the period of time between flowering and fruiting.
D) another term for translocation.

Question 45

Plants that live for one year are called

A) annuals.
B) biennials.
C) perennials.
D) woody plants.

Question 46

The overwatering of houseplants and garden plants results in

A) an increase in chlorophyll within the leaves.
B) decreased rates of transpiration.
C) dormancy due to loss of leaves.
D) the formation of hydroids.

Question 47

Translocation always occurs in a pine tree from the

A) roots to the needles.
B) pinecones to the roots.
C) sugar source to the sink.
D) sugar sink to the source.

Question 48

The response of a plant to the proportion of light and dark in a day is called ________.

Question 49

If the sugary phloem sap in a fruit tree is divided into many sugar sinks, then each individual fruit will be relatively

A) small and sugary.
B) large and sugary.
C) small and diluted.
D) large and diluted.

Question 50

What is the first step in the pressure flow mechanism of translocation?

A) Sugar is loaded into the xylem at the source.
B) Sugar is loaded into the phloem at the source.
C) Water is loaded into the phloem at the source.
D) Water is loaded into the phloem at the sink.

Question 51

Plants that live for many years and produce flowers every year are called ________.

Question 52

The process of deadheading

A) decreases the duration of flowering in an annual plant.
B) removes fruits and seeds from plants when they're mature.
C) allows the plant to produce and support more flowers than normal.
D) reduces the amount of water needed by the plant.

Question 53

In plants, the sugars produced from photosynthesis are moved around via

A) phloem sap.
B) xylem sap.
C) stomata.
D) embolisms.

Question 54

Photoperiodic plants react to a certain amount of darkness, referred to as ________ (three words).

Question 55

Many garden plants that are grown for leaves or roots, such as parsley and carrots, produce vegetative growth the first year and reproductive structure growth the second year. Thus, parsley and carrots are

A) annuals.
B) biennials.
C) perennials.
D) woody plants.

Question 56

What effect does pruning flowers have on a plant?

A) The plant will make more flowers than normal.
B) The new flowers that grow will be larger.
C) The plant will produce more leaves.
D) The plant will produce fruits instead of flowers.

Question 57

Which of the following is a perennial?

A) peony
B) morning glory
C) petunia
D) pansy

Question 58

Which of the following has the greatest hardiness (can tolerate the lowest temperature)?

A) a tomato plant
B) a cabbage plant
C) an apple tree
D) a houseplant that evolved in the tropics

Question 59

What will happen after a gardener cuts off all the developing flowers on a tomato plant, with the exception of 12 of the flowers that have already been pollinated and set fruit?

A) The tomato plant will drop the 12 previously pollinated flowers.
B) The tomato plant will become dormant until next year and then 12 tomatoes will ripen.
C) The 12 tomatoes will develop fully on the plant, but they will be small and not very sweet.
D) The 12 tomatoes will develop, and they will be larger and sweeter than if the other flowers remained.

Question 60

Which of the following is a photosensitive chemical that allows plants to "measure" day length?

A) abscisic acid
B) malic acid
C) cytokinin
D) phytochrome

Question 61

Plant hormones

A) are produced in small amounts but have great effects.
B) break down quickly after they are produced.
C) act only at the location where they are produced.
D) generally have one limited effect on the plant.

Question 62

The tendency for plants that live on other plants (epiphytes)to send shoots upward while sending roots down towards the ground is an example of ________, respectively.

A) positive and negative gravitropism
B) positive and negative thigmotropism
C) negative and positive gravitropism
D) negative and positive thigmotropism

Question 63

Abscission of leaves and fruits is promoted by the hormone

A) auxin.
B) ethylene.
C) cytokinin.
D) gibberellin.

Question 64

A greenhouse manager wants to encourage long-term, productive flowering instead of short-term rapid flowering in annual garden plants that are for sale. Which of these actions would accomplish that goal?

A) pruning away early flowers
B) limiting water and fertilizer
C) moving the plants to the shadiest part of the greenhouse
D) allowing any flowers to become fruits and seeds

Question 65

Deciduous plants drop their leaves through a process called

A) thigmotropism.
B) gravitropism.
C) abscission.
D) photoperiodism.

Question 66

The hormone ________ plays an "anti-abscission role" in plants.

A) auxin
B) ethylene
C) gibberellin
D) cytokinin

Question 67

Which of the following occurs when a grapevine wraps around a trellis or another supporting structure?

A) photoperiodism
B) thigmotropism
C) gravitropism
D) phototropism

Question 68

The tendency of a plant's uppermost bud to limit the growth of lower buds is called ________ (two words).

Question 69

Which plant hormone is responsible for apical dominance?

A) auxin
B) ethylene
C) cytokinin
D) gibberellin

Question 70

The roots emerging from germinating seeds exhibit

A) positive gravitropism.
B) negative gravitropism.
C) positive phototropism.
D) negative phototropism.

Question 71

To make a shrub bushier, a person can ________ the topmost leaves and buds, resulting in reduced apical dominance.

A) deadhead
B) harden
C) pinch back
D) translocate