Deck 24: Materials Exchange in the Body

Question 1

The vessels that carry blood away from the heart are

A) veins.
B) arteries.
C) capillaries.
D) lacteals.

Answer 1

Veins are used to supply blood from capillaries to the heart. Veins can be found from the outside of the skin. A blue line that passes all over the body is known as veins. Veins are not made up of muscles. The pressure inside the veins is very low when compared to the pressure inside arteries.
Hence, option a) is incorrect.
Capillaries are very small. Arterioles supplies blood to the capillaries and it distributes blood to the each body cell that is located near to it. Blood flows slowly inside the capillary tubes. Diffusion should be takes place to pass Red blood cells, oxygen and glucose.
Hence, option c) is incorrect.
Arteries have thick muscular walls with elasticity. It helps to carry blood away from the heart. The elasticity of the arteries muscle helps to control the pressure inside the arteries. If the arteries muscles are not elastic then the pressure inside gets increased.
Hence, the correct option is

Question 2

Why do multicellular organisms have materialsexchange problems?

Answer 2

The multi-cellular organisms have materials exchange problems because of the presence of ample amount of cells. It varies from the external environment. It therefore makes it disabled to exchange materials. It needs energy supply at constant rate for which oxygen is required. The process of oxidation takes place for that in the multi-cellular organisms.

Question 3

Mechanically Assisted Life
It is possible to keep a human being alive even if the heart, lungs, kidneys, and digestive tract are not functioning by using heart-lung machines in conjunction with kidney dialysis and intravenous feeding. This implies that the basic physical principles involved in the functioning of these systems is well understood because the natural functions can be duplicated with mechanical devices. However, these machines are expensive and require considerable maintenance. Should society be spending money to develop smaller, more efficient mechanisms that could be used to replace diseased or damaged hearts, lungs, and kidneys?

Answer 3

Though heart-lung machines in conjunction with kidney dialysis and intravenous feeding are an expensive procedure, they can save lives. The mechanism of functions of various body organs is quite well understood. That's why; these procedures are being used in first place. But these can be expensive in longer run. Transplantation of organs is another way, but this also is a difficult procedure, because first of all, blood and hence immune compatibility should be there between donor and recipient. A person might not have enough time on his/her hand to wait for the organs needed. Currently, a phenomenon called Three-dimensional (3-D) Printing is on rise. In this procedure, a large variety of things can be made artificially in laboratory, from shoes to body organs. If a proper set up and procedures are in place, the price can be later on reduced in these cases. Also, in case of body organs, it will be a onetime investment. Research should also be diverted towards less expensive or cheaper alternatives for life saving, so that lives of poor can also be saved. In richer countries, most people have unhealthy eating habits. A huge chunk of economy is part of Beverage and fast food companies, and questions are being asked should more money be invested in finding cheaper life saving alternatives.

Question 4

Which of the following is not a formed element?

A) rbc
B) wbc
C) platelets
D) plasma

Question 5

List the functions of the salts and proteins found in the plasma.

Question 6

__________ is the liquid that baths the body's cells and contains the same chemicals as plasma but smaller amounts of albumin.

Question 7

What are the functions of the heart, arteries, veins, arterioles, blood, and capillaries?

Question 8

Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system?

A) It moves fat from the intestinal tract to the bloodstream.
B) It transports excess tissue fluid back to the cardiovascular system.
C) It defends against harmful agents, such as bacteria and viruses.
D) It carries oxygen to cells deep in the body.

Question 9

How do red blood cells assist in the transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide?

Question 10

The stomach

A) produces hydrochloric acid.
B) begins digestion of protein.
C) continues the mechanical breakdown of food begun in the mouth.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 11

What purposes are served by the lymphatic system?

Question 12

Saliva contains the enzyme ________, which begins the chemical breakdown of starch.

A) salivary amylase
B) pepsin
C) trypsin
D) pylorase

Question 13

List the organs of the lymphatic system and describe the function of each.

Question 14

In the respiratory system, the small sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place are called

A) nephrons.
B) alveoli.
C) nodes.
D) platelets.

Question 15

Describe the muscles involved in breathing and explain how they cause air to flow into and out of the lungs.

Question 16

The lining of the small intestine consists of millions of fingerlike projections, called

A) nodes.
B) alveoli.
C) villi.
D) glomeruli.

Question 17

How are CO₂ , blood pH, and breathing rate interrelated?

Question 18

The proximal convoluted tubule is primarily involved in

A) secreting harmful materials into the nephron.
B) reabsorbing useful materials from the nephron.
C) removing hydrogen ions from the urine.
D) None of the above is correct.

Question 19

How do each of the following affect the efficiency of gas exchange in the lungs: poorly functioning heart, contracted bronchioles, reduced number of alveoli?

Question 20

About 200 billion __________ are formed each day and are important in blood clotting.

A) nephrons
B) lacteals
C) platelets
D) formed elements

Question 21

Describe three ways in which the digestive system increases its ability to absorb nutrients.

Question 22

The primary waste products released in the urine are _________ and _________.

Question 23

List three functions of the liver.

Question 24

The flow of blood back to the heart through veins is assisted by valves and _________.

Question 25

Name five digestive enzymes and describe their functions.

Question 26

Breathing rate is primarily determined by the level of the chemical _____ in the blood.

Question 27

What is the role of bile, saliva, enzymes, and hydrochloric acid in digestion?

Question 28

Capillaries are intimately associated with the ___________ of the lungs, the _____ of the kidneys, and the _____ of the small intestine.

Question 29

How is fat absorption different from the absorption of carbohydrate and protein?

Question 30

The right ventricle pumps blood to the _____________.

Question 31

What are the functions of the glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, and distal convoluted tubule?

Question 32

Describe how the kidneys regulate the amount of water in the body.