Deck 12: Summarizing and Reporting Research

Question 1

Plagiarism is not only a problem when it comes to student papers, it is also about the work of ______.

A) established scholars
B) several noted historians
C) social researchers
D) all of these

Answer 1

D

Question 2

According to Booth, Colomb, & Williams (1995), it is best to begin writing ______.

A) with an outline
B) by paying attention to grammar and spelling, because it is easier to fix problems at the beginning, rather than farther into the process
C) at the last possible minute so that you have time to formulate your thoughts properly
D) in a linear fashion

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Hard et al. (2006) conducted an anonymous survey in one university and found that ______.

A) over half of students reported that they had either copied from a book, article or other academic source or from the Internet and submitted it as their own work
B) 60.6% of students reported that they had copied from a book, article or other academic source and 39.4% reported that they had "copied information from Internet [websites] and submitted it as [their] work"
C) over 80% of students reported that they had either copied from a book, article or other academic source or from the Internet and submitted it as their own work
D) under 25% of students reported that they had either copied from a book, article or other academic source or from the Internet and submitted it as their own work

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Outlining a first complete draft on a paragraph-by-paragraph basis is known as ______ outlining.

A) converse
B) reverse
C) volte-face
D) inverse

Question 5

William Foote Whyte has criticized the belief that research is a nonscientific concern and proposes an alternative research and reporting strategy he calls ______.

A) scientific knowledge in academics (SKA)
B) shaping social policy (SSP)
C) participatory action research (PAR)
D) reporting goals in research (RGR)

Question 6

The sociologist William Julius Wilson (1998) urges researchers to ______.

A) avoid sending findings to media outlets because they just confuse the public
B) present the big picture whereby the arguments are organized and presented so that the readers can see how the various parts are interrelated
C) focus on narrow issues when reaching out to the public
D) use academically technical language so that the public can see you know what you are talking about

Question 7

In a combined frequency display, the distributions for a set of conceptually similar variables ______.

A) with varying response categories are presented together, with common headings for the responses
B) eliminate unnecessary percentages, and reduce the need for repetitive labels
C) with the same response categories are presented together, with common headings for the responses
D) eliminate some of the percentages, which reduces the need for labels

Question 8

There are typically ______ standard sections within a journal article (in addition to the title page).

A) two
B) four
C) five
D) seven

Question 9

As much as possible, thesis committee members should ______.

A) have complementary areas of expertise that are each important for the research project
B) have divergent areas of interest and expertise
C) not work together during the time they are serving on your committee
D) have little contact with one another during the time they are serving on your committee

Question 10

The presentation of findings in qualitative studies should be organized into sections ______.

A) in the same ways they are presented in quantitative studies
B) reflecting quantitative findings
C) without regard to the researcher's personal feelings or interests in the topic
D) reflecting different themes identified in interviews or observational sessions

Question 11

One or more professors is the audience for this final product.

A) semester group project
B) senior presentation
C) student research paper or thesis
D) group presentation

Question 12

This perspective suggests more explicit concern with public policy implications when reporting research results.

A) advance scientific knowledge
B) shape social policy
C) organize traditional action
D) all of these

Question 13

Most leading journals have a rejection rate through the peer review process of ______.

A) less than 15%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) over 90%

Question 14

Compressed frequency displays can be used to present cross-tabular data and summary statistics more efficiently, by ______.

A) eliminating some of the percentages so that the table is easier to read
B) eliminating unnecessary percentages (such as those corresponding to the second value of a dichotomous variable) and by reducing the need for repetitive labels
C) reducing the amount of information to make it easier to read
D) including only multivariate information to make it easier to understand

Question 15

A primary way to avoid plagiarism is to ______.

A) reword your writing, using similar words or phrases from the source
B) maintain careful procedures for documenting the sources that you rely on for your own research and papers
C) recycle your previous words and phrases when writing on a similar topic
D) ask for permission if you want to use more than 60% of someone else's words

Question 16

One of the goals of social science reporting is to ______.

A) advance scientific knowledge
B) shape academic policy
C) organize traditional action
D) all of these

Question 17

Reports on mixed-methods projects should include subsections in the methods section ______, and then distinguish findings from qualitative and quantitative analyses in the findings section

A) to detail how to methods were combined
B) that introduce each method
C) that provide minute details about how every change was made in every step of the research
D) to focus on misleading graphs or statistics

Question 18

When it comes to research publications and reports, plagiarism is ______.

A) a diminishing problem on college campuses due to education about how to avoid it
B) something that only students need to be aware of, not professional researchers
C) presenting as one's own the ideas or words of another person or persons for academic evaluation without proper acknowledgment
D) not an issue in most academic settings

Question 19

This methodology emphasizes the importance of exploring how different stakeholders in a social setting construct their beliefs ______ paradigm.

A) interpretivist
B) constructivist
C) applied
D) ethical

Question 20

The most important problem that applied researchers confront is(are) the ______.

A) formatting constraints on the report as provided to the organization
B) desire for the report to be liked by the funder
C) need to produce a final report that meets the funding organization's expectations
D) desired length of the report

Question 21

Researchers have an obligation to be ______.

A) familiar with codes of ethics and their application to their work
B) knowledgeable about dealing with lack of awareness
C) questioning about a lack of awareness
D) secure in the familiarity of codes of ethics

Question 22

The ______ process makes preparation of an academic journal article most unique.

A) criminological research
B) thesis committee
C) final report
D) peer review

Question 23

Torre and Fine became involved in PAR to facilitate a ______.

A) high school educational program in upstate New York
B) college and college-bound program at the Performing Arts School in New York City
C) college and college-bound program at the Bedford Hills Correctional Facility in New York
D) upper high school program for potentially college bound students in New York

Question 24

There should, as a result, be a strict separation between the determination of empirical facts and the evaluation of these facts as satisfactory or unsatisfactory

Question 25

Explicit concern with public policy implications when reporting research results may lead to ______.

A) distortion of our research and our interpretations of research results to correspond to our own value preferences
B) perfectly acceptable reports
C) acceptable research reports that push forward public policy
D) undistorted views of future research

Question 26

Whyte (1991) argues that social scientists must get "out of the academic rut" and engage in applied research to develop better understanding of social phenomena.

Question 27

The traditional scientific approach encourages a research goal to advance scientific knowledge by providing reports to other scientists.

Question 28

Top journals generally maintain very high standards, partly because they have ______.

A) a lot of monetary resources to maintain them
B) good critics in the review process and distinguished editors who make the final acceptance decisions
C) the respect of many students who look up to them
D) definitive answers about the way it should be done

Question 29

In designing a proposal and in negotiating access to a setting for the research, commitments often must be made to ______.

A) give credit to those who have traditionally tried to distance themselves from the research
B) the concerns of a narrow readership
C) produce a particular type of report or, at least, to cover certain issues in the final report
D) create a research goal which does not attempt to reflect orientations and concerns out of the community

Question 30

Research projects designed to produce specific kinds of papers ______.

A) are written using basically the same formula
B) all have unique features that will influence the final research report.
C) are more similar than they are different
D) match up neatly with each other

Question 31

When students are motivated only by the desire to ace their tests and receive better grades than others, they are more likely to ______.

A) strive to do well in school
B) work hard in order to reach their goal
C) plagiarize and use other illicit means to achieve that goal
D) do everything they can not to cheat in school

Question 32

The presentation of findings in qualitative studies may be organized into sections ______.

A) indicating differences within each
B) reflecting different themes identified in interviews or observational sessions
C) showing how limited discussions are best
D) indicating similarities between them

Question 33

Purdue Pharma, the maker of OxyContin, falsely led medical doctors to believe that ______.

A) there might be a health care crisis in the U.S.
B) a cocaine substitute was responsible for creating the health care problems
C) OxyContin was less habit forming than other opioid pain relievers, creating a health care crisis in the U.S.
D) OxyContin was no more habit forming than other drugs on the market

Question 34

What distinguishes the reports of policy-oriented social science research studies from strictly academic reports is their attention to policy implications.

Question 35

The fine art of writing is in the ______.

A) reworking
B) reorganization
C) rewriting
D) reconnaissance

Question 36

Applied reports are usually commissioned by a(n) ______.

A) hired gun
B) particular government agency, corporation or nonprofit organization
C) academic journal
D) particular methodology

Question 37

The interpretivist paradigm is a methodology that emphasizes the importance of exploring how different stakeholders in a social setting construct their beliefs.

Question 38

Following appropriate guidelines ______.

A) will prevent controversy and conflict over research on sensitive issues.
B) will allow ethical researchers to avoid political controversy by sidestepping issues.
C) allows researchers the opportunity to communicate the practical application of their research through the media
D) offers researchers the opportunity to avoid becoming entangled in these mechanisms

Question 39

The stage of reporting research results is the ______.

A) last in the process
B) point at which the need for new research is identified
C) place where the researcher is least concerned about the findings
D) place to highlight the educational achievements of the researcher

Question 40

Social research methods are no more useful than the ______.

A) readers who follow them
B) claims of less than credible researchers who use them
C) interpretations made by less than credible researchers
D) commitment of researchers to their proper application

Question 41

Torre and Fine used a randomized experimental design to track participants in the college program after their release from Bedford Hills Correctional Facility.

Question 42

When students are motivated only by the desire to ace their tests and receive better grades than others, they are more likely to plagiarize and use other illicit means to achieve that goal.

Question 43

Peer reviewers do not have to be experts in the field or fields represented in the paper under review.

Question 44

Strictly academic reports may be distinguished from evaluation studies by their attention to policy implications.

Question 45

Beginning with a reasonable methodology is the first step in writing the final report on a research project.

Question 46

Provide an honest accounting of how the research was carried out and about every time the research design had to be changed.

Question 47

Presenting as one's own the ideas or words of another person or persons for academic evaluation without proper acknowledgement is plagiarism.

Question 48

Compressed frequency displays can be used to present cross-tabular data and summary statistics more efficiently.

Question 49

Applied reports that are written in a less highly charged environment can face a problem when their conclusions are ignored.

Question 50

Lack of awareness or misunderstanding of an ethical standard is a defense to a charge of unethical conduct.

Question 51

Ethical research reporting means that you must track and report every twist and turn in the conceptualization of the conduct of the research.

Question 52

Sociologist William Julius Wilson (1998) urges the engagement of the public through the media and encouraging people to focus on issues that are not very high on the public agenda.

Question 53

There is no particular order of authorship for coauthored reports.

Question 54

Students who are preparing a paper for a committee must be prepared to integrate the multiple perspectives and comments of committee members into a plan for a coherent final report.

Question 55

Despite the slight variations in style across journals, there are typically six standard sections within a journal article in addition to the title page

Question 56

Reverse outlining can help with determining if there is enough time to revise a draft.

Question 57

In a combined frequency display, the distributions for a set of conceptually similar variables with the same response categories are presented together, with common headings for the responses.

Question 58

What is most distinctive about a student research paper or thesis is the audience for the final product: a professor or (for a thesis) a committee of professors.

Question 59

Highlight important findings in the research report, but use the report also to point out what are likely to be the most productive directions for future researchers.

Question 60

Reports based on quantitative research should be enriched in each section with elements that reflect the more holistic and reflexive approach of quantitative projects

Question 61

What is plagiarism? What are motivations for plagiarism? How may one avoid the suspicion of plagiarism?

Question 62

What are the sections of a journal article?

Question 63

What are the three basic goals of research reports?

Question 64

Describe the research conducted by Torre and Fine at the Bedford Hills Correctional Facility (BHCF), a maximum-security women's prison in New York, involving PAR to facilitate a college and college-bound program.

Question 65

What is unique about writing student papers and theses that may influence the final report?

Question 66

What are compressed frequency displays? How can they be useful?

Question 67

What should every qualitative research report include? How may the sections be different from quantitative reports?

Question 68

What is unique about writing journal articles that may influence the final report? How does the peer review process fit in?

Question 69

What should every quantitative research report include? How may the sections be different in qualitative reports?

Question 70

What is a combined frequency display? Give an example.

Question 71

How should reports on mixed-methods projects be presented?

Question 72

According to Booth, Colomb, & Williams (1995), what are the principles formulated by experienced writers?

Question 73

What is Reverse Outlining? How is it helpful in the writing process?

Question 74

What are guidelines on ethically reporting research?

Question 75

What is an applied report? By whom are they commissioned? How is it different from a journal article?