Deck 3: Cells

Question 1

Which of the following are proteins that the body might be able to recognize as foreign?

A) glycoproteins
B) receptor proteins
C) ion channel proteins
D) carrier proteins
E) glycoproteins, receptor proteins, ion channel proteins, carrier proteins

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which protein might help your cells to bring glucose into the body from the digestive system?

A) enzyme protein
B) receptor protein
C) ion channel protein
D) carrier protein
E) glycoprotein

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What makes our membranes stronger but less fluid at normal body temperature and more fluid at lower temperatures?

A) the presence of cholesterol
B) the presence of double bonds in the phospholipid tails
C) the presence of no double bonds in the phospholipid tails
D) the lack of cholesterol
E) the presence of the phosphate-containing "heads"

Answer 3

A

Question 4

What characteristic of phospholipids leads to the formation of the lipid bilayer?

A) hydrophobic
B) temperature
C) amphipathic
D) hydrophilic
E) mass

Question 5

What are the three main parts of a human cell?

A) nucleus, mitochondria, lysosome
B) nucleus, cytoplasm, plasma membrane
C) mitochondria, cytoskeleton, plasma membrane
D) mitochondria, cytoplasm, plasma membrane
E) cytoskeleton, nucleus, lysosome

Question 6

Which lipid is most important in forming the lipid bilayer?

A) phospholipids
B) cholesterol
C) glycolipids

Question 7

What is NOT a reason that a protein might extend across the entire cell membrane (integral transmembrane proteins)?

A) something needs to move from one side of the cell to the other
B) a message needs to be transmitted from one side of the cell to the other
C) it contributes to the structure of the cell
D) it allows organelles to move from one cell to another

Question 8

What is the description for an enzyme?

A) protein that allows ions to flow into the cell
B) protein that carrier larger polar molecules into the cell
C) protein that catalyzes a chemical reaction
D) protein that anchors one cell to another
E) protein that allows the body to recognize itself as itself

Question 9

Which of the following are lipids commonly found in the plasma membrane?

A) phospholipids, proteins, glycolipids
B) phospholipids, cholesterol, glycolipids
C) proteins, cholesterol, glycolipids
D) proteins, phospholipids, cholesterol
E) cholesterol, glycolipids, channel proteins

Question 10

Which protein is likely to be involved in transmission of nervous impulses down a neuron?

A) enzyme protein
B) receptor protein
C) ion channel protein
D) carrier protein
E) glycoprotein

Question 11

According to the fluid mosaic model

A) the molecular arrangement of the plasma membrane resembles an ever-moving sea of fluid lipids that contains a mosaic of many different proteins
B) the molecular arrangement of the plasma membrane resembles an ever-moving sea of fluid carbohydrates that contains a mosaic of many different proteins
C) the molecular arrangement of the plasma membrane resembles an ever-moving sea of fluid proteins that contains a mosaic of many different lipids
D) the molecular arrangement of the plasma membrane resembles an ever-moving sea of fluid phosphates that contains a mosaic of many different proteins

Question 12

Which part of the cell would you most want to protect from DNA damaging UV rays?

A) plasma membrane
B) cytoplasm
C) endoplasmic reticulum
D) nucleus
E) lysosome

Question 13

Where would you expect to find a protein receptor that responds to a water soluble hormone in the blood?

A) nucleus
B) mitochondria
C) plasma membrane
D) ribosome
E) Golgi complex

Question 14

Which of the following statements correctly explains why phospholipids are amphipathic?

A) the polar part is the cholesterol-containing "head" and the nonpolar parts are the two long fatty acid "tails"
B) the nonpolar part is the phosphate-containing head and the polar parts are the two long fatty acid "tails".
C) the polar part is the phosphate-containing "head," and the nonpolar parts are the two long fatty acid "tails,".
D) the nonpolar part is the cholesterol-containing "head" and the polar parts are the two long fatty acid "tails"
E) the polar part is the phosphate-containing "head" and the nonpolar part is the cholesterol "tail"

Question 15

Which type of protein might be responsible for breaking down a neurotransmitter after it causes a signal to be sent down a neuron?

A) enzyme protein
B) receptor protein
C) ion channel protein
D) carrier protein
E) glycoprotein

Question 16

Which structure contains organelles?

A) plasma membrane
B) cytoplasm
C) endoplasmic reticulum
D) nucleus
E) lysosome

Question 17

What cell structure is primarily responsible for the cells ability to communicate with its external environment?

A) mitochondria
B) cytoskeleton
C) cytoplasm
D) plasma membrane
E) nucleus

Question 18

Cholesterol

A) adhere to the outside of the cell membrane
B) adheres to the inside of the cell membrane
C) floats freely inside of the cytosol
D) is a monomer that is built into the phospholipids
E) fit among the fatty acid tails of the phospholipids and glycolipids

Question 19

The failure of which type of initial protein in a signal transduction pathway could lead to diabetes (no response to released insulin)?

A) enzyme proteins
B) receptor proteins
C) ion channel proteins
D) carrier proteins
E) glycoproteins

Question 20

The cytoplasm of the cell

A) contains fluid with dissolved solutes and suspended particles
B) contains organelles
C) contains the genetic material for the cell
D) acts as a barrier to the external environment
E) contains fluid with dissolved solutes and suspended particles AND contains organelles

Question 21

Which is most similar to translation of RNA?

A) taking the written word and writing it in cursive
B) taking the written word and rewriting it
C) taking the verbal word and writing it
D) taking one written language and reading it
E) taking one written language and writing in another language

Question 22

What is gene expression?

A) a gene's protein is used as a template for synthesis of a specific RNA
B) a gene's RNA is used as a template for synthesis of a specific DNA
C) a gene's RNA is used as a template for synthesis of a specific protein
D) a gene's DNA is used as a template for synthesis of a specific protein

Question 23

Which structure in a car is most similar to a mitochondria?

A) car seats
B) steering wheel
C) engine
D) radiator
E) exhaust pipe

Question 24

Which organelle synthesizes fatty acids and steroids like estrogens and testosterone?

A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B) rough endoplasmic reticulum
C) Golgi apparatus
D) mitochondria
E) lysosomes

Question 25

What is the most important organelle in determining what a person looks like?

A) cytoskeleton
B) mitochondria
C) ribosomes
D) nucleus
E) lysosomes

Question 26

Which structure allows newly formed RNA molecules move from the nucleus into the cytoplasm?

A) nucleolus
B) chromatin
C) nuclear pore
D) nuclear envelope
E) polyribosome

Question 27

What would happen to gene expression if the nuclear pores closed?

A) it would proceed as normal
B) it would proceed slower than normal
C) it would proceed through translation and stop
D) it would proceed through transcription and stop
E) it would not even start

Question 28

DNA in the nucleus is associated with proteins to form a diffuse mass of fine threads called

A) nucleolus
B) chromatin
C) nuclear pore
D) nuclear envelope
E) polyribosome

Question 29

Which type of RNA directs the synthesis of a protein?

A) RNA polymerase
B) tRNA
C) mRNA
D) rRNA
E) nRNA

Question 30

What would happen to gene expression if the nucleus and everything within it vanished?

A) it would proceed as normal
B) it would proceed slower than normal
C) it would proceed through translation and stop
D) it would proceed through transcription and stop
E) it would not even start

Question 31

Which is NOT a chemical reaction you would expect to happen inside of the cytosol?

A) glycolysis
B) building proteins
C) breakdown of proteins
D) cellular respiration
E) metal production

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a function or characteristic of the cytosol?

A) it makes up about 55% of the volume of the cell
B) it helps maintain membrane fluidity
C) it is the fluid portion of the cytoplasm
D) it holds many dissolved substances
E) it is a site for many chemical reactions

Question 33

Which is a difference between the nucleus and the mitochondria?

A) one has DNA the other does not
B) one has a membrane surrounding it the other does not
C) one has some form of ribosome/ribosomal subunits and the other does not
D) one helps to determine what a person looks like the other does not
E) one is not found inside the cell

Question 34

What is the most important organelle in responding to oxidative stress in the cell?

A) cytoskeleton
B) mitochondria
C) proteasome
D) peroxisome
E) lysosomes

Question 35

What are the nucleoli?

A) membrane bound organelles outside the nucleus
B) membrane bound organelles that contain DNA, RNA and protein
C) a cluster of DNA, RNA and protein
D) a cluster of mitochondria in the nucleus
E) anomalies that appear during cell division

Question 36

How could you improve a proteasome?

A) make it better able to detect and clear abnormal proteins, like those that accumulate in the brains of people with Parkinson's disease
B) make it able to break down waste into smaller pieces
C) make it able to avoid breaking down useful proteins
D) make it work more quickly
E) make it work more slowly

Question 37

What would happen to gene expression if the proteasome disappeared?

A) it would proceed as normal
B) it would proceed slower than normal
C) it would proceed through translation and stop
D) it would proceed through transcription and stop
E) it would not even start

Question 38

Which is not an example of a somatic cell?

A) blood cell
B) muscle cell
C) epithelial cell
D) oocyte
E) fibroblast

Question 39

Which of the following is true of the nucleus?

A) it is not found inside the cell
B) it is a spherical or oval-shaped organelle that is usually the most prominent feature of a cell
C) it generates the majority of the energy in the cell
D) it breaks down proteins that are no longer functional in the cell
E) it move around the cell using cilia

Question 40

What is it called when the genetic information represented by the sequence of base triplets in DNA serves as a template for copying the information into a complementary sequence of codons?

A) gene expression
B) transcription
C) translation
D) proteolysis
E) glycolysis

Question 41

What of the following cells in the human body has a flagellum?

A) oocyte
B) sperm
C) leukocyte
D) fibroblast
E) platelet

Question 42

Which cell is most circular in shape?

A) smooth muscle cell
B) red blood cell
C) sperm cell
D) neuron
E) columnar epithelium

Question 43

Which of the following is a function of epithelial tissue?

A) it supports and strengthens other tissues
B) it serves as a long distance transport system within the body
C) it contracts to regulate the movement of substances through tubes
D) it serves as a physical barrier that protects against harmful agents in the environment
E) it detects changes in the body's external or internal environment and then elicits an appropriate response

Question 44

What is the largest cell in the human body?

A) oocyte
B) sperm
C) leukocyte
D) fibroblast
E) platelet

Question 45

What is cyclin?

A) a cellular enzyme that switches cyclin-dependent protein kinases on and off
B) a second messenger that switches cyclin-dependent protein kinases on and off
C) a hormone that switches cyclin-dependent protein kinases on and off
D) a cellular protein that switches cyclin-dependent protein kinases on and off
E) a cell receptor that switches cyclin-dependent protein kinases on and off

Question 46

Which of the following would lead to necrosis?

A) a cell shows signs of becoming cancerous
B) a tissue needs to cull the number of cells that make it up
C) an infection causes serious damage to some cells
D) a developing fetus removes cells from between its toes to eliminate the webbing

Question 47

What would you expect to happen with cyclins in a cell that does not divide at all once it is created?

A) they would behave normally
B) they would bind to cyclin-dependent protein kinases and move the cell into mitosis
C) they would bind to cyclin-dependent protein kinases and move the cell into telophase
D) they would turn cyclin-dependent protein kinases off
E) they would not be present and thus have no effect on the cell

Question 48

Why do the shapes of cells vary so considerably?

A) because the functions of various cells vary so considerably
B) because of the embryonic tissue from which they originate
C) they do not vary that considerably if you consider that they are all cells
D) the temperature of the body where the cell resides dictates the shape
E) the number of cells that fused dictate the shape

Question 49

Which would you expect to be a direct consequence of your cells ceasing to undergo mitosis?

A) your nerves would degrade
B) your skeletal muscles would degrade
C) your smooth muscle would wear away
D) your skin would wear away
E) your cardiac muscle would degrade

Question 50

How might you expect an interneuron, a neuron entirely within the central nervous system, specialized to communicate with other neurons, to look different from a motor neuron?

A) it will not look different
B) its dendrites will be longer in order to reach all over the central nervous system
C) it will have a bigger cell body to house the additional cellular machinery needed in the central nervous system
D) it will have many dendrites in order to synapse with many other neurons

Question 51

What would you expect to be the result if anaphase didn't happen during the cell cycle?

A) You would only have one set of chromosomes that would end up in one of the resulting cells.
B) You would not separate the sister chromatids and they would both end up in one cell.
C) You would not end up with enough cytoplasm to fill the two cells.
D) You would end up with too many chromosomes in each of the resulting cells.

Question 52

What is an orderly sequence of events by which a somatic cell duplicates its contents and divides in two?

A) diploid cells
B) cell cycle
C) haploid cells
D) homologs
E) interphase

Question 53

Which of the following is a function of nervous tissue?

A) it supports and strengthens other tissues
B) it serves as a transport system within the body
C) it contracts to regulate the movement of substances through tubes
D) it serves as a physical barrier that protects against harmful agents in the environment
E) it detects changes in the body's external or internal environment and then elicits an appropriate response

Question 54

Which statement is true about cyclin-dependent protein kinases (Cdks)?

A) they are enzymes that transfer a phosphate group from ATP to a protein to activate the protein
B) they are enzymes that transfer a phosphate group from ATP to a protein to deactivate the protein
C) they are enzymes that remove a phosphate group from a protein to activate the protein
D) they are enzymes that remove a phosphate group from a protein to deactivate the protein

Question 55

Squamous epithelium is thin and flattened, when might this be beneficial?

A) to produce proteins
B) to store hormones
C) to house multiple enzymes
D) to be a minimal barrier to diffusion
E) to produce friction

Question 56

In which phase does a cell spend most of its time?

A) interphase
B) prophase
C) metaphase
D) anaphase
E) telophase

Question 57

Apotosis a normal and natural part of the cell cycle?

Question 58

Which of the following is a function of muscle tissue?

A) it serves as a transport system within the body
B) it contracts to regulate the movement of substances through tubes
C) it serves as a physical barrier that protects against harmful agents in the environment
D) it detects changes in the body's external or internal environment and then elicits an appropriate response

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT a possible destiny for a human cell (one which is not in the reproductive system)?

A) to die
B) to grow and divide
C) to become an entirely new organism.
D) remain alive and functioning without division

Question 60

During which phase of the cell cycle would you expect to see cytokinesis?

A) interphase
B) early prophase
C) late prophase into metaphase
D) late metaphase into anaphase
E) late anaphase into telophase

Question 61

Which tissue is the primary location where we store energy?

A) muscle
B) epithelial
C) connective
D) nervous

Question 62

Epithelial tissue is most like which structure below?

A) the carpet cleaner you use to clean the floor
B) the concrete below plywood and the floor
C) the plywood below your carpet
D) the carpet
E) the foundation of the building

Question 63

You find ciliated epithelia in the lining of the trachea and fallopian tubes. Explain why.

A) it increases the surface area for absorption
B) it moves materials around making it easier to absorb them
C) it moves materials in a desirable direction
D) it generates heat, which is important for maintaining body temperature in specific areas
E) the cells lining these tubes are able to move and reorganize as necessary

Question 64

What cell junctions prevent the epidermal cells of the skin from pulling apart under tension?

A) tight junctions
B) adherens junctions
C) desmosomes
D) hemidesmosomes
E) gap junctions

Question 65

Tight junctions consist of what type of protein?

A) enzyme proteins
B) receptor proteins
C) ion channel proteins
D) transmembrane proteins
E) glycoproteins

Question 66

What would happen if the tight junctions in the cells lining your stomach disappeared?

A) The contents of your stomach may leak out of your stomach. Your blood would leak out of your blood vessels.
B) Food would travel more slowly around the body.
C) Food would travel more quickly around the body.
D) Your blood pressure would increase.

Question 67

What cell junctions prevent the intestines from leaking intestinal contents to body?

A) tight junctions
B) adherens junctions
C) desmosomes
D) hemidesmosomes
E) gap junctions

Question 68

What cell junctions allow cells to easily communicate with each other?

A) tight junctions
B) adherens junctions
C) desmosomes
D) hemidesmosomes
E) gap junctions

Question 69

Which of the following is a function of connective tissue?

A) it supports and strengthens other tissues
B) it contracts to regulate the movement of substances through tubes
C) it serves as a physical barrier that protects against harmful agents in the environment
D) it detects changes in the body's external or internal environment and then elicits an appropriate response

Question 70

What if there were no connective tissue underneath your skin?

A) the skin would be fine
B) the skin would get brittle
C) the skin would not be able to feel pressure
D) the skin would die
E) the skin would change color