Deck 13: Rehabilitation of Low-Level Youthful Offenders

Question 1

Youth Aid Panels, in ______ were established to prevent young people from becoming more involved in delinquency and poor decision-making, and to make the youthful offender accountable for their actions through services to the victim and/or their community.

A) Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
B) Los Angeles County, California
C) Suffolk County, New York
D) Kent County, Delaware

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The target population for formal diversion programs usually includes first-time or low-level offenders, as well as ______.

A) higher risk juvenile offenders with mental health/substance abuse issues
B) nonviolent offenders with a moderate number of prior offenses
C) offenders who commit primarily school-based offenses
D) status offenders and family-based offenses

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The target population for warning programs are normally first-time misdemeanor offenders and those who commit ______.

A) acts of delinquency
B) nonviolent, but serious offenses
C) school-based offenses
D) status offenses

Answer 3

D

Question 4

______ diversion laws typically define various procedures, including eligibility criteria, the program's purpose, offender accountability, and the voluntary nature of participation.

A) Federal
B) Local
C) State
D) Regional

Question 5

It has been recommended that the juvenile justice system employ a(n) ______ to address young people's needs.

A) evidence-based approach
B) coordinated approach across service systems
C) divergent approach that emphasizes incarceration
D) financially responsible approach focused on efficiency

Question 6

The Multidisciplinary Team ______ of San Bernardino County, California, is a case management intervention designed to identify the youthful offender's difficulties and provide intense family and individual treatment.

A) Home Run Program
B) Home Skills Program
C) Safe Base Program
D) Safe Places Program

Question 7

Parenting quality, school issues, adolescent skills deficits are examples of ______ risk factors.

A) preventable
B) dynamic
C) high
D) negligible

Question 8

Successful completion of the formal diversion agreement will normally ______.

A) begin the process of adjudicating the youth in question
B) discontinue the juvenile justice system's involvement
C) remand the juvenile to the juvenile court for a final hearing
D) signal that the youth has been formally charged in juvenile court

Question 9

______ are important, and for many youths vital, in delinquency prevention.

A) Communities
B) Families
C) Peers
D) Schools

Question 10

While the goals of diversion programs may vary, they typically focus on ______.

A) assisting the youth to get the treatment he/she needs
B) ensuring the youth receives a relatively less severe sanction
C) minimizing the youth's involvement with the juvenile justice system
D) preventing the waiver of a youth to adult court

Question 11

Referrals to Homebuilders is typically through ______.

A) church congregations
B) family courts
C) public agencies
D) self referrals

Question 12

It has been recommended that the juvenile justice system base supervision, service, and resource-allocation on the results of validated ______.

A) analyses of justice outcomes
B) cost/benefit evaluations
C) risk and needs assessments
D) evaluations of offender culpability

Question 13

To be eligible for the Youth Aid Panels program, a youth must be charged with committing a(n) ______.

A) act of delinquency
B) nonviolent offense
C) status offense
D) violent offense

Question 14

The principle stakeholders of the juvenile justice system have recommended that the system should adopt and effectively implement programs and services demonstrated to ______ and improve other adolescent outcomes, and use data to evaluate system performance and direct system improvement.

A) guide planning and policy creation
B) increase offender culpability
C) provide healthy relationships
D) reduce recidivism

Question 15

It has been suggested that the juvenile justice system should tailor its policies, programs, and supervision to reflect the distinct ______ needs of adolescent.

A) criminogenic
B) developmental
C) psychological
D) social

Question 16

PATHS is a comprehensive program for promoting emotional and social competencies and reducing aggression and behavior problems of ______ youths, while supporting the educational process in the classroom.

A) elementary school
B) high school
C) middle school
D) prekindergarten

Question 17

The homebuilders program provides ______ crisis intervention, counseling, and life skills education for families who have children at imminent risk of placement to state-funded care.

A) after school
B) community
C) in-home
D) provisional

Question 18

______ risk factors are difficult to change.

A) Concrete
B) Decisive
C) Permanent
D) Static

Question 19

Which of the following is true of caution (or warning programs)?

A) They involve the issuance of an informal caution or warning.
B) They are the least restrictive form of diversion program.
C) They are not truly a diversion program.
D) They have been discontinued by most police departments.

Question 20

Formal diversion programs usually require the young person to take certain ______ steps, such as agreeing to participate in suitable programming.

A) corrective
B) deterministic
C) judicial
D) transitional

Question 21

The TeamChild Program, which provides services to help youths involved with the juvenile justice system, has operated since 1995 across seven counties in the state of ______.

A) Alabama
B) Louisiana
C) Oregon
D) Washington

Question 22

The Girls Circle Program is a ______ group that works with girls, ages 9-18, through the integration of cultural differences, resiliency practices, and skills training to assist in reducing offending behaviors.

A) Behavioral-based
B) Cognitive-based
C) Strengths-based
D) Trauma-based

Question 23

The use of screening and assessment methods should be tied to a particular ______,or a point in the juvenile justice process.

A) decision-point
B) evaluative-point
C) stress-point
D) timeline-point

Question 24

In the state of ______,there has been an ongoing, broad, state-wide emphasis on using alternatives to school removal and juvenile justice involvement for disruptive or troubled youths.

A) Florida
B) New York
C) Pennsylvania
D) South Carolina

Question 25

______ uses a continuum of interventions in working with youthful offenders.

A) Accelerated model supervision
B) Continuous response model supervision
C) Graduated response model supervision
D) Tiered response model supervision

Question 26

The ______ is a 4 week, multifaceted, after-school diversion program designed to divert low- and mid-level youthful offenders away from further juvenile court involvement.

A) Project Back-on-Track
B) Project Stop
C) Project Turn Back
D) Project U-turn

Question 27

Formal diversion programs may have an unintended and harmful outcome--bringing more young people into the juvenile courts--a phenomenon known as ______.

A) net widening
B) shotgunning
C) system broadening
D) vortexing of youth

Question 28

The ______ is implemented in over 90 jurisdictions and initial results have found improved outcomes in child welfare, school, mental health, and lower confinement and reoffending rates.

A) Crossover Youth Practice Model
B) Delayed Action Youth Model
C) Extended Response Youth Model
D) Tiered Response Youth Model

Question 29

A(n) ______ in the juvenile justice system most often measures the likelihood of reoffending or re-arrest as the outcome of interest.

A) in-take screening
B) offending index
C) safety evaluation
D) risk assessment

Question 30

Following an initial mental health screening, if significant clinical needs are identified, which of the following might be the next step.

A) administering a more thorough assessment
B) conducting a risk assessment
C) isolating the youth from the general population
D) judging the youth's amenability to treatment

Question 31

The ______ instrument is composed of 24 items across three risk areas as well as protective areas, and is based on the structured professional judgment model.

A) PSRT
B) SAVRY
C) LSI-II
D) YLS-CMI

Question 32

Implementing ______ programs within punitively focused policies decreases their effectiveness.

A) deterrence
B) incapacitative
C) rehabilitative
D) retributive

Question 33

______ selectively divert youthful offenders from the regular juvenile court dockets to work in tandem with community-based service providers, thereby having a judge oversee the therapeutic treatment of the adolescent and family while maintaining adjudication authority.

A) Juvenile alternative courts
B) Juvenile community courts
C) Juvenile drug courts
D) Juvenile exclusion courts

Question 34

The most common outcome for adjudicated delinquent youthful offenders is ______.

A) court mandated therapy
B) a formal warning
C) probation supervision
D) a suspended sentence

Question 35

At ______,the primary question is whether the youth needs secure pretrial detainment to prevent recidivism or failure to appear in court.

A) commencement
B) detention
C) intake
D) judicial processing

Question 36

Some states have begun to create ______ to train police in response techniques that are appropriate for people, especially juvenile offenders, suffering from mental health symptoms or problems.

A) Crisis Intervention Teams
B) Crisis Response Teams
C) Crisis Initiated Response Teams
D) Crisis Trained Teams

Question 37

______ are thorough investigations of the identified risks or problem areas for young people and their families.

A) Assessments
B) Evaluations
C) In-take evaluations
D) Screenings

Question 38

Mental health screening is a brief process that can be administered by nonprofessional staff using a standardized tool, often used as a ______ to identify a potentially serious mental health problem or suicide risk.

A) initial assessment
B) preadjudication assessment
C) safety assessment
D) triage assessment

Question 39

Programs that ______ can help minimize contact with the juvenile courts, as well as adjudication and supervision.

A) address the key risk factors of problem behaviors
B) formally charge the youths
C) systematically process problematic youths
D) treat youths and adults separately

Question 40

______ is a brief process used to identify problems that are in need of further attention.

A) Evaluation
B) Grading
C) Processing
D) Screening

Question 41

Discuss the use of diversion with youthful offenders. What is the primary focus of diversion programs? Who is an appropriate candidate for diversion efforts? What are the various forms of diversion. Be sure to include examples of the various forms of diversion.

Question 42

Caution or warning programs occur after a juvenile has been charged by the juvenile court system.

Question 43

Deferred prosecution is an example of diversion.

Question 44

One of the reasons for the limited success of delinquency prevention efforts is because such efforts typically focus on risk factors that are difficult to change.

Question 45

Discuss which types of community-based, youth-focused correctional programs are ineffective (and possibly harmful)? What are the characteristics of effective programs?

Question 46

There is little difference in delinquency risk and juvenile justice outcomes between boys and girls.

Question 47

It has been suggested that the juvenile justice system could maximize the impact and value of its resources by prioritizing services for youths most likely to reoffend and by maximizing the use of confinement.

Question 48

The Homebuilders program is not open to juveniles involved in the juvenile justice system.

Question 49

The curriculum for PATHS is designed to be a multi-year, universal prevention model.

Question 50

Over the past decade, the use of screenings for mental health, trauma, substance abuse, and other related delinquency risk factors have become increasingly less commonplace in the juvenile justice system.

Question 51

Discuss the difference between static and dynamic risk factors in regards to delinquency prevention programs. Please define both static and dynamic risk factors and provide examples of each. Why is this difference important to consider in designing effective intervention strategies?

Question 52

In recent years, numerous states have moved toward comprehensive juvenile justice reform and coordinated strategies across their juvenile courts.

Question 53

Discuss, in detail, the principles that policy experts have advanced for improving the juvenile justice system.

Question 54

Discuss the use of assessments in identifying delinquency risks and difficulties. Why are assessments important? What is the difference between screenings, assessments, and risk assessments?

Question 55

Typically, to be eligible for a formal diversion program, a youth must admit his/her guilt.

Question 56

Probation officers can more effectively work with youthful offenders when they have larger caseloads that allow for more time together with the young person, their family, and other important support people.

Question 57

A large number of juvenile courts do not utilize, or correctly apply, empirically supported structured screening or assessment tools, sometimes relying on practice wisdom or intuition to determine the risk a youth poses to the community or whether the youth is amenable to system alternatives.

Question 58

TeamChild Program participants are significantly less likely than comparable youthful offenders without such participation to come into contact with the juvenile justice system 6 months post-discharge.

Question 59

One of the recommendations of the key stakeholders of the juvenile justice system is that it hold young people accountable for their actions in ways that address the harm caused to victims and communities and that support positive behavioral change.

Question 60

One weakness of the Homebuilders program is its large caseloads due to its high level of program intensity.