Deck 4: The Intersection of Gender and Ethnicity

Question 1

One of the problems with the concept of race is the assumption that racial groups are ______.

A) distinct and exclusive
B) narrow and inclusive
C) mixed and diverse
D) never "pure"

Answer 1

distinct and exclusive

Question 2

The term for a group of people who share a common culture and language is ______.

A) race
B) nationality
C) ethnic group
D) subculture

Answer 2

ethnic group

Question 3

The concept of "homosexuality" differs considerably across cultures. Because of this, it may be difficult for a researcher to gain ______ if she or he is studying this construct with a sample of people from various cultures and ethnic groups.

A) conceptual difference
B) reliable data
C) conceptual equivalence
D) translational equivalence

Answer 3

conceptual equivalence

Question 4

A scale originally written in English but then translated into Spanish needs to have the same meaning in both languages. This is an example of ______.

A) conceptual equivalence
B) the language barrier
C) translational difference
D) translational equivalence

Question 5

American Indian persons have endured cumulative psychological wounding over generations resulting from massive group suffering and distress. This is an example of ______.

A) subcultural variations
B) familial disturbance
C) cultural shock
D) historical trauma

Question 6

The word "Hispanic" refers to ______.

A) all people of Spanish origin, whether from Puerto Rico, Cuba, Mexico, or elsewhere
B) people born in Mexico who immigrate to the United States
C) people born in Spain, whether they immigrate to the United States or stay in Spain
D) people born in Mexico who have at least some Indian heritage

Question 7

Which of the following is one of the guidelines for research with people of color?

A) being aware of subcultural variations
B) having a racial bias
C) examining in-group status
D) using ethnocentrism

Question 8

The word "Latino" ______.

A) refers to female Latin Americans
B) is an example of male as the normative in language
C) is not preferred by Hispanics
D) refers to Latin Americans outside the United States

Question 9

An example of racism directed at Asian Americans is ______.

A) discrimination in college and university admissions
B) the prominence of the geisha image in U.S. advertising
C) the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II
D) the high poverty rates of Asian Americans

Question 10

Cultural differences from one tribe to another among American Indians could be viewed as ______.

A) subcultural variations
B) sources of internal conflict
C) in opposition to the unity Indian women need to press for social change
D) intracultural diversity

Question 11

______ are disproportionately the target of hate violence.

A) Gay men of color
B) Trans people of color
C) Lesbian women
D) Women of color

Question 12

White researchers have generally described African American families as deficient. This is an example of ______.

A) out-group favoritism
B) Eurocentrism
C) overgeneralization
D) misinterpretation

Question 13

According to the 2015 U.S. Census Bureau, multiracial individuals are ______% of the population.

A) 0.05
B) 1
C) 3
D)11

Question 14

The invasion of American Indian tribes by Europeans and the period of slavery for African Americans, both leading to negative psychological consequences in later generations, are both examples of ______.

A) historical trauma
B) racialized PTSD
C) stereotype threat
D) ethnoimmune failure

Question 15

People who live in the United States who are from the Indian subcontinent are usually considered ______.

A) Indians
B) Hispanic
C) American Indian
D) Asian Americans

Question 16

One study of Khmer refugee women living in California found that mothers' PTSD symptoms were linked to their children's experiences of anxiety and depression. This evidence suggests that ______.

A) these families had almost no resilience factors to combat the trauma
B) trauma can be transmitted intergenerationally and may take generations to overcome
C) trauma is inevitably passed down to children who then struggle the rest of their lives
D) trauma impacted the children more than the parents

Question 17

______ is defined as a sense of obligation to and connectedness with both one's immediate and extended family.

A) Famestizo
B) Collectivism
C) Familismo
D) Family loyalty

Question 18

Factors such as feeling pride in one's identity, recognizing oppression, and developing strong relationships within one's family and community promote ______.

A) intersectionality
B) ethnic group labels
C) resilience
D) ethnocentrism

Question 19

In the case of a woman in the United States with very dark skin, 50% of her ancestors may be of African heritage and 50% of European heritage. The existence of people like her renders race as a biological concept ______.

A) useful
B) useless
C) complicated
D) applicable

Question 20

According to a study of Khmer refugee women, ______.

A) many had experienced war-related trauma such as rape and torture
B) the women were traumatized as a result of being moved from their peaceful life in Cambodia to a totally new culture in the United States
C) they adjusted much better in the United States if they had learned English while still in Cambodia
D) they share much in common with other Asian American women in the United States

Question 21

Gisele emigrated from Mexico to the United States 2 years ago. She is feeling pressure to both maintain values from her native culture and adopt behaviors and norms of her new host culture. Gisele is likely experiencing ______.

A) acculturative stress
B) ethnocentrism
C) historical trauma
D) bicultural conflict

Question 22

Terms like ethnicity and culture, which emphasize shared traits, are generally preferable to race.

Question 23

Which of these is a potential source of conflict for Asian American women?

A) the decision over whether to pursue more or less education
B) the values of grandmothers and the values of husbands
C) the conflict between the Anglo value placed on achievement and the Asian value placed on being humble
D) the conflict between the Anglo emphasis on independence and the Asian value placed on collectivism

Question 24

Why did women of color develop various intersectional feminisms, including womanism, Mujerismo, Chicana feminism, and American Indian feminism?

A) There was not enough emphasis on gender and spirituality in White feminism.
B) White feminism did not emphasize the economic needs of women in poverty, only focusing on wealthy women's issues.
C) Women of color felt marginalized by White feminism, which focused on White, middle-class women's issues.
D) White feminism focused too much on women's power over men, rather than equality between genders.

Question 25

One noteworthy difference between womanism and White feminism is ______.

A) womanism's focus on race and ethnicity rather than gender
B) womanism's emphasis on spirituality
C) White feminism's focus on intersectionality
D) White feminism's emphasis on economic advancement

Question 26

Across ethnic groups, the graduation rates for women and men are similar.

Question 27

The culture of Mexican Americans is different from both the culture of Mexico and the dominant European American culture of the United States. This is the result of ______.

A) machismo
B) acculturation
C) ethnocentrism
D) mujerismo

Question 28

In general, which of these ethnic groups has the most traditionally defined gender roles?

A) African Americans
B) American Indians
C) Latinx
D) Whites

Question 29

A study by Alpak et al. (2015) with Syrian refugees found that women's rates of PTSD were ______ times higher than men's.

A) 4
B) 3
C) 2

Question 30

The ethnic group label "Asian Americans" does not usually include Pacific Islanders.

Question 31

Anton, a Black man, has a sudden, unexpected, and emotionally painful encounter being racially profiled by two police officers. After this experience, he becomes hypervigilant of his surroundings and behaviors when around police officers and attempts to avoid them at all costs. He is now feeling angry and depressed. Anton is likely experiencing ______.

A) post-traumatic stress disorder
B) the racial bias effect
C) race-based traumatic stress
D) discrimination-based traumatic stress

Question 32

White men have the highest rate of college graduation in the United States.

Question 33

Over half of U.S. Census respondents who identified as American Indian said they preferred American Indian or Alaskan Native to Native American.

Question 34

The early work of anthropologists, who were mostly White men, misrepresented women's roles in American Indian culture. Their work demonstrates ______.

A) the misunderstanding of subcultural variations among American Indian tribes
B) how overgeneralization errors easily occur in research
C) how gender bias and race bias can easily affect research
D) the impact of microaggressions in social science research

Question 35

The respect for older women and their wisdom is found among both African Americans and American Indians.

Question 36

What characteristic of African women's roles have shaped African American women's roles?

A) a strong bond between women and men
B) being an important economic contributor to the family
C) a strong tradition of patriarchy, with devaluation of the female role
D) emphasis on the individual over the collective

Question 37

The stereotyped dichotomy of American Indian women as either princess or squaw can be compared to the saint/slut dichotomy of Victorian White women.

Question 38

Members of each ethnic group took a survey and rated children of their own group more positively. This is an example of out-group favoritism.

Question 39

When racial/ethnic differences are found in research, it is often clear whether such differences are due to race or social class (or both).

Question 40

Some people who identify as Black in the United States today are descendants of slaves, whereas others are voluntary immigrants from the Caribbean or Africa. This is an example of ______.

A) conceptual equivalence
B) acculturation
C) subcultural variations
D) ethnocentrism

Question 41

Explain why the word "Latino" is an example of male as the norm in language.

Question 42

Explain why some ethnic group labels change over time and provide an example of this using at least one ethnic group. What might be some potential pros and cons of evolving ethnic group labels?

Question 43

European Americans have been the norm in psychological research. What can you infer about how this may impact psychological research? What are the consequences of this type of methodology?

Question 44

Unlike in the past, American Indian women are now seeking mental health services due to the intense stressors they face.

Question 45

Compare and contrast the terms race and ethnic group.

Question 46

Differentiate between "conceptual equivalence" and "translational equivalence." Explain why these are important concepts to apply to psychological research.

Question 47

Discuss the process of acculturation. What effects would you expect it to have on women of color who are immigrants?

Question 48

The intersectional perspective suggests women of diverse ethnic groups will be similar in some ways and different in others. Using the intersectional perspective, explain how women's experience of their gender depends, in part, on their ethnicity.

Question 49

The terms White and Caucasian are sometimes used interchangeably to refer to light-skinned people. Explain why these terms are problematic according to your text.

Question 50

Race/ethnicity and social class are often confounded. Explain why this creates a critical methodological issue in social science research.

Question 51

Explain how stereotype threat poses a serious barrier to educational attainment for women of color, specifically on math performance.