Deck 12: Life at Home: Families and Relationships

Question 1

A symbolic interactionist studying the family would be MOST interested in

A) the inequalities associated with men's negligible role in raising and caring for infants.
B) the diminished role the family plays in teaching children important skills.
C) the way gift giving within an extended family makes some bonds more important than others.
D) the way increasing divorce rates are making it harder for families to function and to socialize children.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following seems to make people, in general, more likely to define a group as a family?

A) the size of the group in question
B) the presence of children
C) the ages of group members
D) the socioeconomic class of the people involved

Answer 2

B

Question 3

According to conflict theory, the nuclear family facilitates exploitation

A) through the use of nannies and domestic workers.
B) by making geographic mobility possible.
C) through a sexual division of labor within the home.
D) by exploiting the working class whose products it consumes.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Given the history of the family, what sort of changes do you think would be most likely to make the extended family more relevant again?

A) changes in America's travel and transportation services
B) changes in the economy that make people less likely to move away from their hometowns to get a job
C) changes in divorce laws that make it harder for couples to separate
D) changes in religion that cause adults to reevaluate how they relate to their parents

Question 5

________ is the theoretical perspective that would lead you to consider the broader social effects of the division of labor between men and women in the household.

A) Symbolic interactionism
B) Queer theory
C) Conflict theory
D) Structural functionalism

Question 6

YMAY-12.1-6. Talcott Parsons held the view that the family is responsible for the reproduction of society as it produces and socializes children who will in turn become future workers and produce and socialize more new members of society. What type of theoretical viewpoint is this?

A) structuralist/functionalist
B) dramaturgical
C) symbolic interactionist
D) conflict theory

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of fictive kin?

A) Your cousin who lives two time zones away who you have not seen in decades but your grandparents always tell stories about her during holidays.
B) Your dad's best friend whom you refer to as "Uncle Pete" even though he's not really your uncle.
C) Any relatives who are related by marriage and not blood.
D) Any stepsiblings or stepparents.

Question 8

Family friends who are referred to as "Aunt" or "Uncle" are examples of

A) the Full House effect.
B) homogamy.
C) fictive kin.
D) extended families.

Question 9

Why do the authors of your textbook reject definitions of family that depend on particular types of people, such as parents, and specific types of ties, such as marriage?

A) They believe that the nuclear family remains the most important prototype for a family.
B) They want the definition to be broad enough to encompass a variety of living arrangements.
C) They believe that in the future more families will consist of two sets of parents with children.
D) They argue that it is important to limit the definition of families so that families can be discussed with clarity.

Question 10

A heterosexual couple raising their children in the same household is defined as a(n) ________ family.

A) nontraditional
B) nuclear
C) extended
D) broken

Question 11

Today, who do average Americans have in mind when they think of their families?

A) an uncle or aunt
B) a brother or sister
C) any person in their ethnic group
D) a cousin

Question 12

In what way do functionalists view the family as responsible for the reproduction of society?

A) It produces and socializes children.
B) It is the fundamental planning mechanism for society.
C) It is the most important unit of consumption.
D) It is the basic unit of the household and the smallest building block of a society.

Question 13

In the Hawaiian language, makuahine means both "mother" and what else?

A) daughter
B) sister
C) aunt
D) cousin

Question 14

The U.S. Census Bureau defines "family" as

A) people who are emotionally or materially interdependent.
B) people who share a household.
C) parents living with minor children.
D) two or more individuals related by blood, marriage, or adoption who share a household.

Question 15

What feature of the nuclear family, as opposed to the extended family, makes it uniquely qualified to serve the needs of an industrial economy?

A) It has more emotional resources on which to draw in times of trouble.
B) It makes geographic mobility much easier.
C) It is capable of retaining more knowledge about child rearing and household labor.
D) It functions better as a unit of economic production.

Question 16

The Industrial Revolution changed the common meaning of family because

A) it stopped mattering whether children were present.
B) family no longer exclusively referred to people who shared a household.
C) it shifted the meaning from nuclear family to extended family.
D) it shifted the meaning from extended family to nuclear family.

Question 17

Some are worried about the effect that the rise in one-child families is having on the foundation of Japanese society. On what sort of theoretical perspective on the family is this concern based?

A) structural functionalist
B) symbolic interactionist
C) life course theory
D) historical materialist

Question 18

The family is responsible for the reproduction of society as it produces and socializes children who will in turn become future workers and produce and socialize more new members of society. What did Talcott Parsons refer to this as?

A) structural functionalism
B) homogamy
C) endogamy
D) pattern maintenance

Question 19

What is an individual saying when they describe someone who is related to them biologically as "not really kin"?

A) The relative has not exercised their rights or fulfilled their obligations as a family member.
B) The relative is part of the extended rather than the nuclear family.
C) The relative does not belong to the relevant voluntary associations.
D) The relative has died.

Question 20

According to symbolic interactionists Jay Gubrium and Jim Holstein, what form does the family take in contemporary society?

A) "The family" does not exist; rather, family is a fluid, adaptable set of concepts and practices.
B) The family is the unit that raises children.
C) The family is based on legal and economic structures.
D) The family is the institution for the socialization of children.

Question 21

The increasing number of Americans who move out of state to attend college will decrease the importance of ________, assuming that students start new romantic relationships in school.

A) homogamy
B) monogamy
C) exogamy
D) propinquity

Question 22

What is the meaning of propinquity?

A) It is a fixed set of beliefs.
B) It is the tendency to seek people with similar backgrounds.
C) It is the desire for the exotic and the foreign.
D) It is the tendency to partner with people who live close by.

Question 23

The United States had no interstate highway system before World War II, and traveling to different parts of the country was difficult. This means that ________ must have been even more important in determining mate selection.

A) exogamy
B) economic considerations
C) schools
D) propinquity

Question 24

Very few people in the United States today marry outside their own socioeconomic class, which suggests that there is a high degree of

A) endogamy.
B) exogamy.
C) polyandry.
D) polygamy.

Question 25

________ is what sociologists call marriage to someone from a different social group.

A) Exogamy
B) Endogamy
C) Homogamy
D) Out-group orientation

Question 26

How have Americans' attitudes changed, if they have at all, regarding interracial marriage?

A) Americans are much more accepting of interracial marriage than they were in the past.
B) Americans are a little more accepting of interracial marriage than they were in the past.
C) Americans are about as accepting of interracial marriage as they were in the past.
D) Americans are less accepting of interracial marriage than they were in the past.

Question 27

American ideology focuses on the importance of marriage and family values and assumes that the family is at the center of almost everyone's life. How does this compare to the way people really live?

A) Marriage remains central to people's lives, but family values are less important than in the past.
B) Family values remain very important, but many more people are choosing not to get married than in the past.
C) Both marriage and the family are central to the lives of the majority of Americans in much the same way they were in the distant past.
D) Increasingly, both marriage and the family are less central to the lives of average Americans.

Question 28

________ is what sociologists call marriage to someone within one's social group.

A) Heterogamy
B) In-group orientation
C) Endogamy
D) Exogamy

Question 29

How could new technologies like the Internet decrease the importance of propinquity in mate selection while preserving or even increasing the importance of homogamy?

A) by bringing people together from all over the world based on similar interests or backgrounds
B) by making it obvious to most people that their best chance for marital satisfaction may be with a type of person they have never met before
C) by masking some of the characteristics of potential mates until the two people have met
D) by allowing social networking sites to connect individuals to more and more residents of their hometowns

Question 30

Demographers noticed ________ in the numbers of unwed individuals living with their romantic partners between 1960 and 2014.

A) a very slight increase
B) a sharp increase
C) a sharp decrease
D) no change

Question 31

JDate is a website that helps Jewish people form romantic relationships, especially those who are not practicing Jews or who live in areas where there are not many other Jews. Jewish people who use this website care about

A) religious purity.
B) homogamy.
C) propinquity.
D) polyandry.

Question 32

Until recently, South Korea had laws in place banning marriage between people who belonged to the same clan. Therefore, they were required to practice

A) polyandry.
B) exogamy.
C) endogamy.
D) plural families.

Question 33

________ laws prohibited the mixing of racial groups through marriage, cohabitation, or sexual contact.

A) Reconstruction
B) Common
C) Anti-miscegenation
D) Jim Crow

Question 34

What would a music critic call "musical miscegenation" if they used the term "miscegenation" metaphorically?

A) the way white country music and black blues music come together to make rock and roll
B) the way pop stars become disconnected from their roots
C) the way the press treats pop superstars and the effect this has on contemporary music
D) the role the piano has played in twentieth-century jazz

Question 35

The most consistent factor involved in forming relationships and selecting mates is

A) personal chemistry.
B) the unique individual characteristics of the individuals involved.
C) the tendency to choose mates who are similar in class, race, ethnicity, and age.
D) the desire to find a mate who comes from a radically different background.

Question 36

According to the text, ________ is one of several reasons people live their lives unmarried.

A) the bohemian lifestyle
B) an inability to find a mate
C) the single lifestyle
D) fear of infidelity

Question 37

In Loving v. Virginia, the Supreme Court ruled that Virginia's law banning marriage between persons of different races was unconstitutional under the Fourteenth Amendment. What attitude led many to disagree with this decision?

A) People should partner up with similar people and respect endogamy.
B) People should be required to marry within the same economic class.
C) People should partner up with people who are different than themselves.
D) People should be required to marry only one person for life.

Question 38

Mary commutes to college in Atlanta from a nearby neighborhood. She ends up marrying Joe, who lives two doors down from her and attends the same school. What is this an example of?

A) endogamy
B) miscegenation
C) propinquity
D) exogamy

Question 39

JDate, a dating website for Jewish people, is sometimes used by non-Jews who are interested in dating Jews. These non-Jews are practicing

A) monogamy.
B) exogamy.
C) homogamy.
D) polyandry.

Question 40

What are unmarried adults who are romantically involved and live together under the same roof participating in?

A) cohabitation
B) sinful behavior
C) premarital bliss
D) the honeymoon phase

Question 41

Which of the following is a strategy that some middle- and upper-class women have used to balance the demands of work and home?

A) hiring other women to do domestic work
B) demanding that their husbands complete most chores
C) doing more of certain chores
D) demanding the abolition of housework

Question 42

Some women accept the burdens of the "second shift" in order to avoid conflict with their husbands or children. How does this affect them?

A) It increases their confidence and self-esteem.
B) It increases their efficiency.
C) It makes them unhappy and emotionally numb.
D) It improves their self-reported level of marital satisfaction.

Question 43

What does Arlie Hochschild call mothers who accept the dual workloads of paid labor at work and unpaid labor at home without any help?

A) instrumental leaders
B) Supermoms
C) dual mothers
D) revolutionary moms

Question 44

What kind of task is calling a family member to wish them a happy birthday?

A) family
B) expressive
C) operative
D) instrumental

Question 45

Arlie Hochschild's study of two-income families found that women were much more likely than men to do the majority of the unpaid labor inside the home, even after a full day's work outside the home. What term do sociologists use to describe this extra labor?

A) women's work
B) the female burden
C) the double standard
D) the second shift

Question 46

Who is more likely to return home after a full day of paid labor and put in a "second shift" taking care of the home and children?

A) women
B) men
C) young people
D) older people

Question 47

How are children of divorced parents today different from children of divorced parents in the 1970s?

A) Children of divorced parents today are more likely to get divorced themselves than were children whose parents divorced in the 1970s.
B) Children of divorced parents today are more likely to be divorced multiple times than were children whose parents divorced in the 1970s.
C) Children of divorced parents today are more likely to get married than were children whose parents divorced in the 1970s.
D) Children of divorced parents today are considerably less likely to divorce than were children whose parents divorced in the 1970s.

Question 48

In the past, a woman in North Carolina would found guilty of "lewd and lascivious association" if she lived with her boyfriend. Her behavior today would be known as

A) cohabitation.
B) noncustodial parenting.
C) symbolic interactionism.
D) homogamy.

Question 49

A father is more likely than a mother to be awarded custody of his minor children following a divorce when

A) he lives in a rural area.
B) he lives in a politically conservative area.
C) the children are younger than twelve.
D) he makes substantially more money than his ex-wife.

Question 50

________ is/are tasks designed to achieve a tangible goal like washing the dishes or taking out the trash.

A) Instrumental tasks
B) Expressive tasks
C) Female tasks
D) The second shift

Question 51

Reading bedtime stories to children is an important task in many families. What part of reading the bedtime story is an instrumental task?

A) making bedtime fun and keeping everyone happy
B) staying entertained as a parent by reading books you like to the children
C) getting children into pajamas, tucked into bed, and then to sleep
D) sharing a moment with a child and developing shared interests

Question 52

________ is the physical and legal responsibility for the everyday life and routines of children.

A) Custody
B) Good parenting
C) Visitation
D) Child support

Question 53

In the mid-1990s, the children of divorced parents were about ____ times more likely to divorce than their peers from intact families.

A) 0.6
B) 1.5
C) 2.1
D) 3.0

Question 54

Which of the following is true about single fathers, despite Geoffrey Greif pointing out that "more fathers are rearing children alone following separation and divorce than ever before?"

A) Single fathers are still only about 15 percent of all single parents.
B) Many states have laws against giving sole custody to fathers following a divorce.
C) Most of these fathers move back in with their parents so that their children live with grandparents.
D) Soon there will be more single fathers than single mothers.

Question 55

Remarriage rates are lower today than they were in the 1960s because

A) divorced people tend to have a series of short relationships instead of getting remarried.
B) there has been an increase in cohabitation among unmarried couples.
C) divorce rates have dropped slightly.
D) people tend to divorce at later ages, so they are less likely to remarry.

Question 56

Laura Scott describes U.S. society as ________, suggesting that U.S. cultural values support childbearing and child rearing as the normative and preferred practice.

A) matriarchal
B) pronatalist
C) patriarchal
D) essentialist

Question 57

To whom has Hochschild's concept of the "Supermom" always been applicable?

A) upper-class mothers
B) middle-class parents
C) working-class mothers
D) the homeless

Question 58

There are strategies available to help ease the burden of the second shift, but they are mainly available to

A) people with extended families.
B) young couples.
C) newlyweds.
D) wealthier families.

Question 59

How is custody of minor children usually handled in divorce cases?

A) Fathers are now slightly more likely than mothers to receive custody.
B) Mothers always receive custody.
C) Mothers receive custody in a disproportionate number of cases.
D) Mothers and fathers are about equally likely to receive custody.

Question 60

According to Kathryn Edin and Maria Kefalas, young women of low socioeconomic status have children because

A) they want to gain access to welfare benefits.
B) they do not have access to adequate birth control.
C) they are poorly educated.
D) a baby is a symbol of belonging, and motherhood can lead to respect from one's community.

Question 61

What is the term for the range of behaviors that abusers use to gain and maintain power over their victims?

A) manipulation
B) passive aggression
C) domestic abuse
D) symbolic violence

Question 62

Who does the family influence as an agent of socialization?

A) only children
B) everyone
C) women
D) the elderly

Question 63

How do most abusive relationships appear at the beginning?

A) The signs of violence are there from the start.
B) Violence usually begins as soon as the relationship starts, if not before.
C) There is tension and a "walking on eggshells" feeling from day one.
D) The abusive partner is charming, attentive, and thoughtful.

Question 64

How does the birth of children tend to change the gendered division of labor within the household?

A) It gets fathers more involved.
B) It brings the extended family into the household more.
C) It makes the division of labor more traditionally split along gender lines.
D) It has no influence on the gendered division of labor.

Question 65

How do rates of intimate partner violence differ across racial groups?

A) They are higher among whites than in other racial groups.
B) They are about equal across racial groups.
C) They are lower among Asian Americans than in other racial groups.
D) They are higher among non-English-speaking individuals than among English speakers.

Question 66

Most young people face similar financial pressures while in their twenties, but considerably more men move back in with their parents than women. What is one reason for this?

A) Men care more about saving money than women do.
B) Women lose more independence when they move back home than men do.
C) Men have stronger relationships with their parents than women do.
D) Women are more likely than men to have serious emotional conflicts with their mothers.

Question 67

Which of the following strategies does Arlie Hochschild claim some women use to help balance working a paid job and being responsible for the home?

A) no longer caring that there are dirty clothes all over the floor
B) divorcing husbands who refuse to help
C) forcing their children to take over the majority of the housework
D) throwing away clothing when they find it on the floor to teach their husbands a lesson

Question 68

What sort of actions do abusive partners take to keep their partners in the relationship?

A) keep up a constant stream of threats
B) stop the cycle of abuse and truly reform
C) periodically enter a cycle of loving contrition
D) seek psychological help

Question 69

What is the main reason abusive partners resort to intimate partner violence?

A) They have anger management problems.
B) They have problems outside the relationship that drive them over the edge.
C) They are generally violent in all aspects of their lives.
D) They desire power over their victims.

Question 70

What is one common reason why victims of domestic abuse stay in abusive relationships?

A) They are waiting for someone to save them.
B) They do not feel responsible for their own abuse.
C) They do not have the resources to get away.
D) The abusive partner treats them well all the time.

Question 71

A person is MOST likely to be murdered by

A) a family member.
B) a law enforcement officer.
C) a drug dealer or a drug user.
D) someone seeking to rob them.

Question 72

The radio played a news story about the murder of a twenty-five-year-old married woman with one child. Who would you expect the police to first investigate for the crime?

A) a serial killer
B) her husband
C) a gang member being initiated into a street gang
D) a burglar who she surprised in the act

Question 73

What is it called when individuals must care for both their own children and their elderly parents?

A) the sandwich generation effect
B) elderly caregiving
C) extended family care
D) dual workloads

Question 74

Which of the following was true of parenting in the nineteenth century and earlier?

A) Fathers were far more likely to have the final say in decisions about their children.
B) Mothers often valued other mothers' opinions about child rearing over the opinions of their own children's fathers.
C) The extended family was less important in terms of instrumental support.
D) Members of the community had far less influence than they do today.

Question 75

Why are child and elder abuse likely to go unreported?

A) Few authority figures care enough to investigate abuse.
B) Neither kind of abuse is perceived as a serious problem in America today.
C) Most child and elder abuse is done carefully so as to make it hard to prove in court.
D) The victims are relatively powerless.

Question 76

What term applies to a child who leaves home at eighteen but later returns for at least a short period of time?

A) emotionally stunted
B) boomerang kid
C) adult minor
D) sandwich kid

Question 77

What happens to marital satisfaction when small children are present in the household?

A) It goes up.
B) It goes down.
C) It goes up for the first child but down for every child after that.
D) It goes up for newlyweds but down for older married couples.

Question 78

Which of the following things is a child likely to convince a parent to do?

A) switch to a different political party
B) start reading more literature
C) quit smoking cigarettes
D) learn about new cultures

Question 79

Many college graduates find themselves unable to afford the costs of living on their own and, at least temporarily, live with their parents again. What good news about families can we take from this trend?

A) It allows parents to have more of a say in their children's romantic lives.
B) That so many children are willing to live with their parents again suggests that they have closer relationships with parents than previous generations did.
C) College students today are taking less time to finish college and moving past the "student" phase of their lives more quickly than in the past.
D) By living with their parents, these college graduates save money and demonstrate fiscal responsibility in ways that the past generation did not.

Question 80

Which of the following statements is LEAST likely to come from a domestic violence offender?

A) "She deserved it."
B) "I really want to change."
C) "I just lose control."
D) "I have anger management problems."