Deck 12: Socioemotional Development in Adolescence

Question 1

Adelaide is becoming friends with Marley who is a couple of years older than she is. Marley smokes, and has been pressuring Adelaide to try it. She puffs on a cigarette but isn't sure she likes it. Marley has shoplifted a few times, just some small items, but it makes Adelaide uneasy, although she doesn't say anything. Last night, Marley had a six pack of beer and was vague about where she had gotten it. She wants Adelaide, who has never had beer before, to drink it with her. Adelaide is worried her parents might find out but decides to have some anyway. Which identity status is Adelaide in?

A) achievement
B) moratorium
C) achievement
D) diffusion

Answer 1

B

Question 2

When asked about his plans for the future, 18-year-old Kevin replied, "Eh, haven't really thought about it. I don't like school, there are no jobs out there, and I'm only 18. I'll figure things out when the time comes. Right now, I like hanging out with my friends." Kevin demonstrates characteristics of identity ______.

A) moratorium
B) achievement
C) foreclosure
D) diffusion

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Global self-esteem reaches its lowest point at about which age?

A) 11
B) 13
C) 16
D) 18

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which factor is often associated with declines in self-esteem?

A) romantic dating
B) authoritative parenting
C) school transitions
D) crowd membership

Question 5

Prematurely choosing a coherent and consistent sense of self is called identity ______.

A) moratorium
B) foreclosure
C) diffusion
D) achievement

Question 6

Which term refers to an overall evaluation of self-worth?

A) ideal self
B) self development
C) global self-esteem
D) self-concept

Question 7

Which term means a coherent sense of self?

A) achievement status
B) psychosocial moratorium
C) collectivism
D) identity

Question 8

Adolescents' personal characteristics are called which concept of self?

A) egocentric
B) actual
C) ideal
D) abstract

Question 9

Adolescents' self-descriptions are often ______.

A) concrete and egocentric
B) overly negative or overly positive
C) broad and focused on personal characteristics
D) abstract and contradictory

Question 10

Which identity statuses become less common in late adolescence?

A) diffusion and foreclosure
B) moratorium and achievement
C) achievement and foreclosure
D) diffusion and achievement

Question 11

Adolescents with a mismatch between ideal and actual selves tend to experience ______.

A) overly high self-esteem
B) depression, low self-esteem, and poor grades
C) high achievement but have difficulty making friends
D) motivation to reconcile inconsistencies in their self-concept

Question 12

Traits that adolescents value characterize which concept of self?

A) egocentric
B) actual
C) ideal
D) abstract

Question 13

When asked about her plans for the future, 18-year-old Segora replies, "I am going to school to become a teacher. Both of my parents are teachers, my grandfather was a college professor, and two of my cousins are special education teachers. It's just sort of expected in my family." Segora demonstrates characteristics of identity ______.

A) moratorium
B) achievement
C) foreclosure
D) diffusion

Question 14

Which type of parenting helps adolescents develop a healthy self-concept?

A) authoritarian
B) authoritative
C) permissive
D) uninvolved

Question 15

Nineteen-year-old Angelo spent most of his adolescence exploring his values, possible career options, and political beliefs. Angelo has high self-esteem, strong moral values, and favorable views toward college and work. Angelo demonstrates characteristics of identity ______.

A) moratorium
B) achievement
C) foreclosure
D) diffusion

Question 16

Individuals who are inflexible and view the world in black and white terms are in identity ______.

A) moratorium
B) achievement
C) foreclosure
D) diffusion

Question 17

Which statement reflects a typical adolescent's self-esteem?

A) "I am really bad at school, and I'm not into team sports."
B) "I am pretty good at math and English, but I have trouble understanding science."
C) "I can't think of anything that I'm really good at."
D) "I'm good at everything-school, sports, and being popular."

Question 18

Which identity status is most likely associated with being raised in an authoritarian home?

A) moratorium
B) foreclosure
C) diffusion
D) achievement

Question 19

Which identity statuses are most associated with being raised in an authoritative home?

A) moratorium and achievement
B) foreclosure and diffusion
C) diffusion and moratorium
D) foreclosure and achievement

Question 20

Seventeen-year-old Janell has not yet committed to an identity but she is exploring her alternatives. Janell is excited about her future, is open to experience, and is an active problem solver. Janell demonstrates characteristics of identity ______.

A) moratorium
B) achievement
C) foreclosure
D) diffusion

Question 21

Patterns of harsh verbal discipline and insensitive parenting in early childhood do what in middle childhood and adolescence?

A) persist and worsen
B) even out and stabilize
C) gradually taper off
D) become more productive

Question 22

Developmentally supportive conflict is coupled with ______.

A) punishment
B) respect
C) permissiveness
D) uninvolvement

Question 23

Conflict tends to decline in late adolescence because adolescents ______.

A) devalue their parents to such a degree that they ignore them
B) run out of topics with their parents to argue about
C) value their parents' opinions to a greater degree
D) establish autonomy from parents

Question 24

What was the outcome of a longitudinal study on cultural views of gender in Mexican Americans?

A) Gender differences in Mexican American males and females is decreasing.
B) Gender differences in Mexican American males and females may be increasing.
C) Female adolescents born in Mexico showed increases in traditional attitudes.
D) Male adolescents born in Mexico showed decreases in traditional attitudes.

Question 25

Which factor is linked with low self-esteem, depression, low academic competence, and antisocial behavior in adolescence?

A) individualism
B) collectivism
C) authoritative parenting
D) psychological control

Question 26

Which factor is associated with academic achievement and deters delinquent activity?

A) authoritarian parenting
B) parental monitoring
C) helicopter parenting
D) parental control

Question 27

Conflict with peers tends to have which influence on identity development?

A) harmful
B) facilitative
C) increased growth
D) little effect

Question 28

The identity status indicating maladjustment in late adolescence is ______.

A) moratorium
B) foreclosure
C) diffusion
D) achievement

Question 29

Mario and his parents experience frequent, intense conflict with one another. A description of Mario is that he is ______.

A) a typical adolescent
B) likely the cause of the conflict
C) at risk for delinquency
D) an early-maturing adolescent

Question 30

Identity achievement is associated with ______.

A) confusion about choices
B) positive views of work
C) rigid views about life
D) lack of commitment

Question 31

Adolescents who have achieved a strong sense of ethnic identity tend to have ______.

A) low self-esteem
B) an unwillingness to explore their heritage
C) a need to be integrated into the majority group
D) effective coping strategies

Question 32

Which term means parents are aware of their adolescents' whereabouts and companions?

A) authoritarian parenting
B) parental monitoring
C) helicopter parenting
D) parental control

Question 33

Across ethnic and socioeconomic groups and in countries around the world which factor fosters autonomy, self-reliance, self-esteem, a positive view of the value of work, and academic competence in adolescents?

A) dating relationships
B) authoritarian parenting
C) authoritative parenting
D) sibling rivalry

Question 34

A sense of membership to an ethnic group including the attitudes, values, and culture associated with that group is called ethnic ______.

A) superiority
B) diversity
C) class
D) identity

Question 35

A major milestone of adolescence is the desire of children to make their own decisions which is called ______.

A) self-sufficiency
B) authority
C) separation
D) autonomy

Question 36

Which statement describes parent-adolescent conflict?

A) It peaks in late adolescence.
B) Most parents and adolescents still remain close.
C) It is higher among boys and their fathers.
D) The focus is on moral issues such as sex and substance use.

Question 37

Generally, what happens in parenting during emerging adulthood of children?

A) Emotional support increases and psychological control decreases.
B) Emotional support decreases and psychological control increases.
C) Psychological conflict increases and permissiveness decreases.
D) Physical punishment decreases and psychological manipulation increases.

Question 38

Psychological control inhibits the development of ______.

A) discipline
B) autonomy
C) empathy
D) achievement

Question 39

Many ethnic minority adolescents report ______.

A) avoiding the task of exploring and committing to an identity
B) experiencing negative feedback, discrimination, and inequality from the majority group
C) holding negative stereotypes of the majority group, which undermines healthy exploration
D) exploring and committing to values, beliefs, and future plans in early adolescence

Question 40

Mrs. Nylund is the mother of 15-year-old Ava. If they are like a typical family, Mrs. Nylund and Ava will experience conflict over ______.

A) extracurricular activities
B) moral issues
C) family values
D) household responsibilities

Question 41

Adolescent friendships are characterized by intimacy, self-disclosure, and ______.

A) trust.
B) jealousy.
C) sexual activity.
D) relational aggression.

Question 42

Adolescents' reports of risky behaviors such as unsafe sex are associated with the sexual behavior of their ______.

A) parents
B) siblings
C) idols
D) peers

Question 43

The most easily recognizable influence on adolescents is the ______.

A) peer group
B) immediate family
C) media online
D) school environment

Question 44

What percentage of adolescents classified in the low-status crowds agreed with their peers on their crowd status?

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 30%
D) 40%

Question 45

By which stage do cliques become mixed and form the basis for dating?

A) middle childhood
B) early adolescence
C) mid-adolescence
D) end of high school

Question 46

Jack and Christopher, both 16-years-old, are best friends. How are the boys likely to spend their time together?

A) sharing thoughts and feelings
B) talking about girls and other kids at school
C) playing competitive games
D) avoiding large group activities

Question 47

At first, dating usually involves ______.

A) intermingled mixed-sex peer groups
B) group dating
C) one-on-one dating
D) random "hook-ups"

Question 48

Mr. and Mrs. Adams are the parents of 16-year-old Finn. Which approach to parental monitoring will be most effective with Finn?

A) reduce conflict by avoiding asking about his friends or his whereabouts
B) establish a rule that he must be home by 8:00 p.m. on weeknights
C) read all of his text messages and limit his online activities to 3 hours a week
D) respect his autonomy and privacy as much as possible

Question 49

Eighty percent of young people have some dating experience by which age?

A) 12
B) 14
C) 16
D) 18

Question 50

A tightly knit peer group that consists of a few six close friends is called a ______.

A) clique
B) crowd
C) gang
D) fellowship

Question 51

Teenage girls' friendships tend to be ______.

A) characterized by competition
B) relatively short-lived
C) be closer than those of boys
D) involving low levels of intimacy

Question 52

According to research on characteristics of adolescent friendships, which teenagers are most likely to be friends?

A) Maggie, who comes from an affluent family, and Claire, who comes from a low-SES family
B) Theo, who is African American, and Tanner, who is Caucasian
C) Nate and Parker, who are both high-achieving students in the tenth grade
D) Angela and Colby, who live in different cities and met at a mutual friend's graduation party

Question 53

Parental monitoring is likely to result in adolescents who have ______.

A) low academic achievement
B) high school involvement
C) increased levels of depression
D) reduced sexual activity

Question 54

In one study, how many students placed themselves in a crowd different than that assigned by peers?

A) one fourth
B) two fifths
C) one half
D) three fourths

Question 55

A characteristic adolescent members of cross-ethnic friendships have is they ______.

A) tend to report low levels of intimacy
B) report high levels of relational aggression
C) show decreases in depression and delinquent behavior
D) show decreases in racial prejudice over time

Question 56

Which describes crowds in adolescence?

A) smaller than the average size clique
B) members are sorted into various categories by their peers
C) unrelated to friendships that have formed
D) more common in Eastern than Western countries

Question 57

Which statement describes the influence of peers?

A) Peer behavior has little effect on adolescent behavior.
B) Adolescents are less vulnerable to peer pressure during transitions.
C) Parents tend to view peer pressure as positive.
D) Satisfying and quality friendships lead to peer conformity.

Question 58

Populars, jocks, nonconformists, and deviants are examples of ______.

A) gender norms
B) cliques
C) crowds
D) identity foreclosures

Question 59

Which groups of individuals is more likely to form a clique?

A) three girls who live in the same gated community and have similar interests
B) a boy and a girl who are from the same ethnicity and belong to the same club in school
C) a boy and a girl who are graduating in a month and going to college the following fall
D) two boys and a girl who live next door to each other and ride together to school

Question 60

Valencia is an American teenager. Like most teenagers, Valencia will feel the greatest pressure from peers to conform to ______.

A) personal choices, such as choice of clothing and music
B) risky sexual behavior
C) delinquent activities, such as shoplifting and drug use
D) her parents' goals and expectations

Question 61

Gabby, age 17, recently told her parents that she is a lesbian. Her parents most likely responded with ______.

A) condemnation
B) expulsion
C) positive feelings
D) negative feelings

Question 62

The level of nucleus accumbens response to positive social feedback has been linked to intensity of social media use, suggesting that social media interactions may be ______.

A) useless
B) frustrating
C) neurologically dangerous
D) neurologically rewarding

Question 63

The actual threatened physical or sexual harm or psychological abuse directed toward a current or former boyfriend, girlfriend, or dating partner is called ______.

A) dating violence
B) cyber bullying
C) relational aggression
D) domestic conflict

Question 64

How many high school students report being sexually active?

A) one eighth
B) one fourth
C) one third
D) one half

Question 65

Research on contraceptive use in adolescents indicates that ______.

A) nearly 90% use some form of birth control
B) friends often discourage the use of birth control
C) many use birth control only sporadically
D) boys are more likely than girls to suggest birth control

Question 66

According to ethnic trends in adolescent sexual activity, which teenager is likely to have sex at the earliest age?

A) Maria, who is Latina
B) Chad, who is European American
C) Wen, who is Korean
D) Chantel, who is African American

Question 67

Early dating, relative to peers, is associated with ______.

A) higher rates of responsible behavior.
B) high academic achievement.
C) alcohol and substance use.
D) both perceived and actual popularity.

Question 68

Overall, romantic relationships in adolescence compared to romantic experiences in adulthood are described as ______.

A) unrelated to
B) continuous with
C) inversely related to
D) poor predictors of

Question 69

In one study, adolescents who perceived their parents made more warnings emphasizing the negative consequences of sex tended to ______.

A) stop having sex altogether
B) engage in only oral sex
C) delay having sex until adulthood
D) accumulate more sex partners

Question 70

How many adolescents report that they would get involved if they became aware of a peer's involvement in dating violence?

A) 5%
B) one third
C) 25%
D) one half

Question 71

Adolescent girls who are more likely to recognize unhealthy relationships, less likely to be victimized by dating violence, and are more likely to seek help are those who are ______.

A) viewed as popular by their peers
B) only allowed to date in groups
C) close with their parents
D) involved in sports

Question 72

Problem behavior, including alcohol and substance use, poor academic achievement, and delinquency, as well as having a larger number of sex partners to peers is associated with sexual activity before turning age ______.

A) 15
B) 16
C) 17
D) 18

Question 73

Which statement describes oral sex and vaginal intercourse among adolescents?

A) Females are more likely than males to report receiving oral sex.
B) Adolescents are about as likely to engage in oral sex as vaginal intercourse.
C) Adolescents are far more likely to engage in vaginal intercourse than oral sex.
D) By age 16, about the majority of teenage boys have received oral sex.

Question 74

Perceived gay-straight alliance support predicts ______.

A) greater well-being in racial and ethnic minority students, regardless of sexual orientation
B) greater well-being in LGBT adolescents but lower well-being in heterosexual adolescents
C) higher rates of students who identity as LGBT
D) better outcomes in smaller schools than in larger schools

Question 75

Bridget and Kyla are sisters. Bridget is bisexual and Kyla is heterosexual. This example illustrates the concept of ______.

A) sexual orientation
B) identity exploration
C) sexual diversity
D) gender orientation

Question 76

Which part of the brain contains reward circuitry?

A) prefrontal cortex
B) nucleus accumbens
C) cerebellum
D) hypothalamus

Question 77

Adolescents report using which type of contraception during their first and most recent sexual intercourses?

A) birth control pills
B) spermicide
C) intrauterine device
D) condoms

Question 78

Acceptance and disclosure is the final stage of the development of ______.

A) sexual orientation
B) sexual identity
C) gender identity
D) gender awareness

Question 79

More so than their heterosexual peers, LGBT adolescents experience ______.

A) acceptance and support from their friends
B) intimacy in their romantic relationships
C) conflict in their romantic relationships
D) harassment and victimization by peers

Question 80

Sixteen-year-old Dahlia has engaged in sexting since she started high school. She has sent several nude photos of herself to boys with whom she was interested, and often sends sexually explicit messages to friends. Compared to her peers, Dahlia is______.

A) likely to be viewed as very outgoing and popular
B) more likely to have high self-esteem
C) more likely to use substances and report low self-esteem
D) less likely to be sexually active