Deck 14: The Physiology of Training: Effect on Vo2 Max, Performance, and Strength

Question 1

Cross-sectional studies show that the cardiovascular variable responsible for the large variation in VO₂ max in the normal population is maximal

A) heart rate.
B) stroke volume.
C) arteriovenous O₂ difference.
D) systolic blood pressure.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In order to achieve improvements in VO₂ max, highly trained individuals may need to train at intensities of

A) 40-70% VO₂ max.
B) 50-85% VO₂ max.
C) 60-95% VO₂ max.
D) 95-100% VO₂ max.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following training adaptations does not result in lower lactate production?

A) increased glycogen utilization.
B) increased H form of LDH.
C) increased mitochondrial uptake of pyruvate.
D) decreased pyruvate formation.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

In the first 10 weeks of a resistance training program, the gains in strength are due primarily to

A) neural adaptations.
B) hypertrophy.
C) hyperplasia.
D) increased muscle fiber size.

Question 5

Following training, if the increase in maximal cardiac output is balanced with a decrease in peripheral resistance, the mean arterial blood pressure will

A) increase.
B) decrease.
C) remain the same.

Question 6

Endurance training results in increased mitochondrial and capillary density in muscle but has no effect on muscle glycolytic capacity. This is an example of what training principle?

A) overload
B) specificity
C) reversibility
D) none of the above

Question 7

The increase in VO₂ max following training is caused by an increase in

A) maximal stroke volume only.
B) maximal a-vO₂ difference only.
C) both maximal stroke volume and maximal a-vO₂ difference.
D) maximal heart rate only.

Question 8

In terms of the factors that limit VO₂ max, improvements elicited by endurance training generally first affect ____________, and then ___________ after several weeks/months.

A) a-vO₂ difference; cardiac output
B) cardiac output; a-vO₂ difference

Question 9

The increase in the maximal a-vO₂ difference is due to all of the following except:

A) an increase in mitochondria in the muscle.
B) an increase in capillaries in the muscle.
C) an increase in hemoglobin.
D) all of these account for the increased a-vO₂ difference.

Question 10

The changes in the heart rate and ventilatory responses to a fixed submaximal work rate are lower after an endurance training program. These changes are due primarily to changes in the

A) lung and heart.
B) central nervous system.
C) active skeletal muscles.

Question 11

The enhanced capacity of the trained muscle to use fatty acids as a fuel results in

A) decreased lactate formation.
B) decreased utilization of muscle glycogen.
C) sparing of blood glucose.
D) all of the above.

Question 12

Research indicates that anyone can increase his or her VO₂ max with training, yet a genetic predisposition is required to have a VO₂ max comparable to that of an elite endurance athlete.

Question 13

Following an endurance training program, the oxygen deficit is smaller when the subject does the same work task. This is due to

A) an increased cardiac output.
B) increases in the number of mitochondria and capillaries.
C) an increased heart rate.
D) a greater anaerobic capacity.

Question 14

The systematic process in which the volume and intensity of training are varied over time is

A) afterload.
B) overload.
C) specificity.
D) periodization.

Question 15

Lactate removal is greater following an endurance training program because blood flow to muscle is decreased, and liver blood flow is increased at the same work rate.

Question 16

Following endurance training, maximal stroke volume is enhanced by an increased

A) end systolic volume.
B) venous return.
C) maximal heart rate.
D) afterload.

Question 17

Following endurance training, afterload decreases during maximal exercise because there is a decrease in sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity in the arterioles of the exercising muscles.

Question 18

In a "two-legged" maximal cycle ergometer test, if each leg were to vasodilate to the extent experienced in a one-legged VO₂ max test, mean arterial blood pressure would fall below normal levels.

Question 19

Following endurance training, maximal cardiac output during exercise is increased due to an increase in ventricular muscle tissue thickness.

Question 20

The average VO₂ max value for the young male sedentary population is

A) 22 ml . kg^-1 .min^-1.
B) 35 ml .kg^-1 .min^-1.
C) 45 ml .kg^-1.0 min^-1.
D) 83 ml . kg^-1. min^-1.

Question 21

Reducing the number of motor units required to perform an exercise task may reduce the heart rate and ventilation required to perform the task.

Question 22

Training that involves very high volumes and intensities of exercise may increase one's risk of developing an upper respiratory tract infection.

Question 23

The initial decrease in VO₂ max with detraining occurs because skeletal muscle adaptations (a-vO₂ difference) are lost.

Question 24

The majority of evidence demonstrates that resistance training-induced muscle hypertrophy is the result of muscle fiber hyperplasia.