Deck 13: Pursuing Equity in Education

Question 1

In which region are general out-of-school rates highest for all primary school-aged children?

A) Global North
B) Global South
C) The United Nations
D) North America

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which school is most likely to struggle with a teacher shortage in the United States?

A) an elementary school in the suburbs
B) a public high school in a low-income urban area
C) a private elementary school in an urban area
D) a magnet school in a rural area

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Javier writes a paper about how education can lead to upward mobility. He interviewed his mother for the assignment because she was the first person to graduate from college in his family. Based on research and his mother's experience he emphasizes the importance of education in a free society. Javier's research is aligned with ______.

A) micro-level experiences
B) individualistic explanations
C) status attainment theory
D) social reproduction theory

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Teacher and scholar Jonathan Kozol brought national attention to the issue of school funding disparities in the early 1990s with his book ______.

A) The Selfish Gene
B) The New Jim Crow
C) Savage Inequalities
D) Communist Manifesto

Question 5

The landmark U.S. Supreme Court case, ______, ruled unconstitutional the "separate-but-equal" philosophy in 1954 mandating neighborhood schools to desegregate.

A) Roe v. Wade
B) Miranda v. Arizona
C) Dred Scott v. Sandford
D) Brown v. Board of Education

Question 6

Sociologists like Pierre Bourdieu provide evidence that schools may reflect the inequalities of the larger society rather than eliminate them. Bourdieu is a scholar of ______.

A) micro-level experiences
B) individualistic explanations
C) status attainment theory
D) social reproduction theory

Question 7

Which type of tracking is most prevalent in schools in the United States?

A) open tracking
B) implicit tracking
C) zero tolerance
D) explicit tracking

Question 8

______ places students on particular "tracks" or pathways characterized by difference academic experiences and outcomes.

A) Implicit tracking
B) Explicit tracking
C) Zero tolerance
D) Academic tracking

Question 9

Two of the most important predictors of school quality in the United States are ______ and _______.

A) funding; segregation
B) segregation; political views
C) funding; political views
D) religious views; segregation

Question 10

A vast majority of students in the United States attend ______ schools.

A) home
B) private
C) charter
D) public

Question 11

White flight demonstrates that segregation is ______.

A) illegal
B) involuntary
C) government sanctioned
D) intentional

Question 12

Approximately 1.3 million public school students were ______ during the 2015-2016 school year.

A) impoverished
B) homeless
C) displaced
D) homeschooled

Question 13

______ operate independently of most government funding and regulations.

A) Public schools
B) Private schools
C) Charter schools
D) Religious schools

Question 14

In which region are gender disparities between boys and girls in relation to out-of-school rates the highest?

A) Global North
B) Global South
C) The United Nations
D) North America

Question 15

Which type of schools formed as a more favorable solution to racial segregation than busing?

A) homeschools
B) private schools
C) charter schools
D) magnet schools

Question 16

According to social reproduction theory what is a solution to eliminating inequality in education?

A) conflict
B) critical pedagogy
C) compulsory public schooling
D) social stratification

Question 17

Which concept is a process resulting in learning and can occur in a variety of settings and towards a host of ends?

A) incarceration
B) schooling
C) education
D) curriculum

Question 18

Which concept explains why even the most well intentioned educators may contribute to educational inequalities?

A) implicit tracking
B) explicit tracking
C) abstract tracking
D) academic tracking

Question 19

Maria believes that education is the great equalizer in society. Christina argues that inequalities persist because many children attend poorly funded and inadequate schools. Maria thinks that this is impossible because all U.S. public schools receive local, state, and federal funding. Christina clarifies that a majority of school funding comes from ______.

A) corporate sponsors
B) local property taxes
C) low teacher salaries
D) private donors

Question 20

Education is a more ______ term than schooling as it relates to learning.

A) general
B) specific
C) official
D) established

Question 21

What international organization prioritizes education in its sustainable development goals to drive increasing international aid?

A) The United Nations
B) World Health Organization
C) International Monetary Fund
D) International Labor Organization

Question 22

Which statement accurately describes equity in an educational setting?

A) Implementing the same teaching style to deliver instruction to all students.
B) Administering one standardized exam to assess everyone's learning.
C) Expanding access to schooling globally.
D) Retraining administration.

Question 23

In terms of demographic representation, most k-12 teachers are ______.

A) White men
B) Black men
C) White women
D) Black women

Question 24

Which group is most vulnerable to summer learning loss?

A) elite children
B) upper-class children
C) middle-class children
D) low-income children

Question 25

At a government level, the ______ program allocates federal aid to schools with large proportions of low-income students.

A) Title I
B) Title II
C) Title III
D) Title IV

Question 26

How does the Malala Fund promote secondary education for girls in the Global South?

A) providing homeschool curriculum to families
B) establishing new universities
C) investing in local education advocates
D) encouraging early marriage

Question 27

Research indicates that having Black teachers results in which outcome for Black boys?

A) reduced high-school dropout rates
B) lower expectations of college attendance
C) more absences as compared to their White counterparts
D) higher achievement in math and science courses

Question 28

The Encuentros Teacher Academy seeks to recruit more Latino teachers. Which statement explains why this mission is important to promoting educational equity?

A) It seeks to hire staff with backgrounds similar to their students.
B) It attempts to close the gap of educational inequality.
C) It seeks to maintain the status quo regarding Latino leaders.
D) It seeks to create higher expectations of college attendance.

Question 29

School dress codes often feature a long list of violations for girls' attire, but very little suggestions for boys' attire. The message from excessive regulation of girls' clothing implies that girls' appearances are more important than boys'. It also implies that women's bodies must be controlled in public space. This is an example of how schools provide a/an ______.

A) hidden curriculum
B) college-preparatory curriculum
C) critical pedagogy
D) status attainment

Question 30

______ means treating everyone the same, or equally, as a way of being fair.

A) Equity
B) Justice
C) Equality
D) Fairness

Question 31

Under a Title I program, ______ is geared towards a select group of students deemed failing or most at risk of failing.

A) homeschooling
B) voucher assistance
C) targeted assistance
D) school-wide assistance

Question 32

______ refers to the practice of educating children outside the confines of traditional schools, whether public or private.

A) Homeschooling
B) Charter schooling
C) Shadow education
D) College-prep education

Question 33

Which aspect of society primarily influences differences in school readiness?

A) intelligence
B) gender
C) socioeconomic status
D) extra-curricular activities

Question 34

______ is/are publicly funded but privately run schools and the fastest growing public schools in the United States.

A) Homeschooling
B) Charter schools
C) Shadow education
D) College-prep education

Question 35

______ re-appropriate(s) governmental education funding to individual families who must use the money toward private-school tuition.

A) Homeschooling
B) Charter schools
C) Voucher programs
D) College-prep education

Question 36

Which statement accurately describes rates of suspension and discipline in public schools?

A) The rate of suspension and discipline is about equal for all groups.
B) Girls are suspended at higher rates than boys.
C) Low-income students and minority students misbehave more, and therefore are suspended at higher rates.
D) Low-income students of color are punished more frequently and severely than their peers for the same offenses.

Question 37

Which factor is an exclusive class advantage for privileged students?

A) homeschooling
B) charter schooling
C) shadow education
D) college-prep education

Question 38

______ policies attach strict, unwavering punishment to all student behavior interpreted as potentially dangerous.

A) Zero tolerance
B) Cradle-to grave
C) School-to-job market
D) School-to-prison pipeline

Question 39

Which statement describes the effectiveness of voucher programs?

A) They save tax payers thousands of dollars.
B) They help struggling public schools.
C) They are federally mandated in all states.
D) They produce lower standardized test scores.

Question 40

Which school policy directly contributes to the school-to-prison pipeline by criminalizing routine behavior?

A) zero tolerance
B) cradle-to grave
C) school-to-job market
D) hidden curriculum

Question 41

Private schools are not bound to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).

Question 42

Because private schools are exempt from many federal regulations that govern public education, they are more equipped to meet the needs of diverse student populations.

Question 43

The United States has educational policies that are equal across all 50 states.

Question 44

Today, U.S. public schools are significantly less segregated than they were in the 1950s.

Question 45

According to the status attainment perspective, modern societies use compulsory public schooling to train citizens for appropriate occupations.

Question 46

Both scholars and laypeople no longer view the public school system as a tool for social mobility.

Question 47

Summer learning loss corresponds to socioeconomic status.

Question 48

Shadow education opportunities help close the class-based disparity gap in academic achievement.

Question 49

The United States has the lowest per-student public spending rate.

Question 50

From a social reproduction perspective, an efficient, effective education system is a fundamental precursor to a successful society.

Question 51

Children from low-income families are more likely than wealthier students to have computers, microscopes, and other technology at home to assist with their learning.

Question 52

A student's school readiness tends to vary drastically according to the family's socioeconomic status.

Question 53

In regards to zero tolerance policies, school resource officers can participate in the criminalization process.

Question 54

Open enrollment policies allow children to enroll in any public school within or outside their home district.

Question 55

In the United States, tracking tends to occur implicitly, rather than explicitly, within schools.

Question 56

Race and class-based segregation plague the public school system in the United States.

Question 57

As noted by the critical pedagogy, the use of power in schools allows the masses to use education to challenge the status quo and pursue justice.

Question 58

Effective teaching is the strongest school-level predictor of student success.

Question 59

Education represents the culmination of everything people learn in their lifetimes.

Question 60

Despite extraordinary aid levels and measurable progress, there continues to be a persistent global education funding gap among low- and middle-income countries.

Question 61

Sociologists believe that "no excuse charters" undermine students' learning and development by elevating stress and depleting motivation.

Question 62

Most U.S. families send their school-aged children to public school every day.

Question 63

Studies find that students who receive vouchers to attend private schools perform better on standardized tests than students who receive vouchers to attend public schools.

Question 64

Provide at least two examples of how summer learning loss corresponds to socioeconomic status.

Question 65

Many schools in this era have begun to cut recess and arts to increase instructional time in core subjects.

Question 66

Eliminating the global funding gap in education is an achievable goal.

Question 67

Explain how implicit tracking can emerge unintentionally.

Question 68

Title I programs address the root cause of funding inequity in education.

Question 69

People often use the terms education and schooling interchangeably in everyday language. How does sociology distinguish the difference sociologists make between these two terms?

Question 70

Briefly describe how the critical pedagogy helps even the playing field for students by treating all as potential thinkers and leaders.

Question 71

Provide the four defined competency areas of importance for school readiness.

Question 72

Confronting social problems can go a long way toward improving existing educational systems and student outcomes.

Question 73

Provide a contrasting example of how public school experiences can vary dramatically among and within schools.

Question 74

Describe the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).

Question 75

Program participation in at-home summer reading programs can combat summer learning loss.

Question 76

Scholars and policy makers have concerns that homeschooled children lag behind their peers academically and socially.

Question 77

Homeschooling is done primarily by the parents without facilitation from outside networks.

Question 78

Describe how the "Robin Hood" approach in Wyoming effected education funding.

Question 79

Describe the three disparities in suspension rates that have exerted an enormous impact on students' educational experience and outcomes.

Question 80

Discuss the pros and cons of voucher programs.