Deck 11: Substance-Related, Addictive, and Impulse-Control Disorders

Question 1

According to research by Brotto and colleagues, what is one cultural difference between Euro-Canadian women and Asian women regarding sexual attitudes?

A)Asian women have more sexual knowledge.
B)Asian women have more sexual experiences.
C)Asian women have higher rates of desire.
D)Asian women have greater sexual anxiety.

Answer 1

Asian women have greater sexual anxiety.

Question 2

What is the most likely adult outcome for a young boy who shows gender-nonconforming behaviours?

A)a bisexual orientation
B)an exclusively heterosexual orientation
C)an exclusively homosexual orientation
D)gender dysphoria

Answer 2

an exclusively homosexual orientation

Question 3

Matthew is undergoing the procedure called orgasmic reconditioning.What will Matthew's therapist instruct him to do?

A)Masturbate to his usual fantasies but substitute images of the consequences associated with his behaviour (such as getting caught, hurting someone else, etc.) just before ejaculation.
B)Substitute images of the consequences associated with his behaviour (such as getting caught, hurting someone else, etc.) every time he feels aroused by thoughts of his inappropriate desires.
C)Masturbate to his usual fantasies but substitute more socially desirable ones just before ejaculation.
D)Watch video tapes of normal adult sexuality repeatedly, until such images result in arousal.

Answer 3

Masturbate to his usual fantasies but substitute more socially desirable ones just before ejaculation.

Question 4

What percentage of women with female orgasmic disorder is estimated to benefit from some form of treatment?

A)10-30
B)30-50
C)50-70
D)70-90

Question 5

Which group of men is most likely to believe common sexual myths, such as "women normally reach orgasm every time they have intercourse"?

A)men who do not have sexual disorders
B)men with conservative sexual attitudes
C)men who are homosexual
D)men who have sexual disorders

Question 6

Frank is upset because he thinks he may have more than one sexual dysfunction and he thinks that this makes his case very unusual.How is Frank's doctor likely to respond to Frank's concern?

A)It is difficult to know because patients are reluctant to report more than one problem because of the stigma they feel.
B)It is difficult to answer because some symptoms of sexual dysfunction are caused by medication but are, in fact, not true sexual dysfunctions.
C)Seldom does one sexual dysfunction present in isolation.
D)He is right, it is very uncommon, but that each condition can still most likely be treated.

Question 7

A therapist is thinking about holding a seminar about erectile dysfunction at an adult living centre.There are 200 men over 70 who use this facility.How many men could this therapist expect would be affected by erectile dysfunction?

A)80
B)100
C)140
D)180

Question 8

What is the goal of autoerotic asphyxia?

A)to reduce the flow of oxygen to the brain and enhance the sensation of orgasm
B)to achieve pleasure out of the pain inflicted on another
C)to achieve a level of pleasure that one is unable to achieve in any other way
D)to injure oneself

Question 9

Although most sexual abuse survivors do not commit sexual crimes, males who do commit sexual crimes are how many times more likely to have experienced sexual abuse as a child?

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5

Question 10

Sven's fetish can also be referred to as partialism.Based on this information, what is his source of attraction?

A)an inanimate object
B)a source of specific tactile stimulation
C)a part of the body
D)women-specific items

Question 11

Roderick and his partner are seeking treatment for Roderick's premature ejaculation.The therapist encourages the couple to stimulate Roderick's penis to nearly full erection and then to compress the penis firmly to quickly reduce arousal.After repeating this process, insertion is to be attempted without thrusting, and the penis removed if arousal proceeds too quickly.What is this treatment called?

A)erotic desensitization
B)stimulus removal
C)the squeeze technique
D)retarded ejaculation

Question 12

How is an intersex condition (hermaphroditism) distinct from gender dysphoria?

A)Intersex individuals receive sexual pleasure from cross-dressing.
B)Intersex individuals are born with ambiguous genitalia.
C)Intersex individuals are born with the complete genitalia of both a male and a female.
D)Intersex individuals are bisexual.

Question 13

How can psychological factors, particularly cognitive and emotional factors, play a powerful role in sexual arousal?

A)by decreasing levels of androgen in males and estrogen in females
B)by determining whether blood flows to the appropriate areas of the body, such as the genitals
C)by lowering the threshold for ejaculation
D)by suppressing the central nervous system

Question 14

Dr.Mukherjee teaches a class with 100 adult women in it.About how many women in the class are likely to have some sort of sexual dysfunction?

A)10
B)16
C)24
D)28

Question 15

What is the basic concept behind the covert sensitization method of treating unwanted sexual arousal?

A)to replace the immediate reinforcement of the behaviour with the unpleasant consequences that ordinarily take longer to be experienced
B)to improve family functioning, social skills, and overall effectiveness of appropriate adult relations
C)to create empathy and sensitivity for the victim of the behaviour
D)to create a physically painful experience to replace the immediate reinforcement that the unwanted behaviour has previously produced

Question 16

When are sexual arousal disorders most likely to be diagnosed?

A)when there is a lack of desire for sex in either men or women
B)when there is an inability to achieve or maintain an erection in males and a lack of desire for sex in females
C)when there is an inability to achieve or maintain an erection in males and a lack of lubrication in females
D)when there is an inability to achieve or maintain an erection in males and a lack of orgasm in females

Question 17

What is required for a paraphilia to be considered disordered?

A)a sexual attraction to a wide variety of abnormal stimuli
B)an abnormal sexual fantasy
C)an abnormally high level of sexual activity
D)distress and impairment or harm or the threat of harm to others

Question 18

What is one of the most effective treatments for many sexual dysfunctions?

A)masturbatory training and exposure to erotic material
B)anti-anxiety medication
C)education regarding normal sexuality
D)improving the relationship with the patient's partner

Question 19

Tori has "erotophobia." What does this mean for Tori?

A)She has a fear of emotional intimacy.
B)She has negative and threatening feelings toward sexuality.
C)She has reoccurring thoughts of being raped.
D)She experiences vomiting sensations when she thinks about physical contact.

Question 20

Which type of sexual pain is related to pelvic muscle tension?

A)erectile dysfunction
B)anorgasmia
C)vaginismus
D)sexual arousal disorder

Question 21

Which procedure is carried out entirely in the patient's imagination and is used to reduce the inappropriate sexual arousal that exists in fetishistic behaviour?

A)covert sensitization
B)sensate focus
C)classical conditioning
D)sexual retraining

Question 22

Dr.Muntz studies sexual behaviour.She gathers much or her data from questionnaires.Why does she use this method?

A)They are less expensive than a clinical interview.
B)There are so many aspects to sexuality it is easier to keep all the information organized if a questionnaire is used.
C)More sexual therapists are also conducting research and the questionnaires help with the research.
D)Individuals are more willing to reveal personal information on a questionnaire than in an interview.

Question 23

Stage two of sensate focus involves genital pleasuring but prohibits intercourse or orgasm.What is the main purpose of this stage?

A)to provide increased anticipation of intercourse
B)to re-establish arousal
C)to provide a break from the "usual" way that the couple has sex
D)to allow each individual to communicate his or her desires to the partner

Question 24

Sensate focus and nondemand pleasuring were designed by Masters and Johnson (1970) to treat sexual dysfunctions.How did these techniques work?

A)primarily through increasing sexual desire and decreasing sexual performance
B)primarily through elimination of psychologically based performance anxiety
C)primarily through creating suspense and excitement in the sexual experience
D)primarily through improving a couple's sexual skills

Question 25

Sherri and Leo have been having some sexual difficulties lately.Both have experienced some symptoms of sexual arousal disorders.They decide to have a few glasses of wine before engaging in sex tonight.How would you rate this idea?

A)It is a bad idea, as it could further impair arousal.
B)It is a bad idea, as it tends to decrease desire.
C)It is a good idea, as it could help performance.
D)It is a good idea, as it could help desire.

Question 26

Ahmed has been undergoing prostate cancer treatment and is experiencing erectile dysfunction.As a first line of treatment, what might his doctor recommend?

A)Viagra
B)vasodilating drugs
C)penile prosthesis
D)vacuum device therapy

Question 27

Maggie and Jim have started sex therapy to deal with Jim's recent erectile dysfunction.The therapist instructed them to refrain from intercourse or genital touching, but to spend the next several days enjoying each other through hugging, kissing, and mutual massage.What is this an example of?

A)an erotic body awareness technique
B)disinhibition exercises
C)foreplay exercises
D)stage one of sensate focus treatment

Question 28

What is the common outcome of occasional sexual dysfunction in married couples?

A)It does not necessarily lead to sexual dissatisfaction.
B)It is extremely stressful for any marriage.
C)It is a normal though stressful part of every marriage.
D)It is the greatest single cause of marital discord.

Question 29

Fred and Diane have just completed stage two of sensate focus therapy.What are they instructed to do following this stage?

A)Return to full, prior sexual activity.
B)Take a break from sexual activity for several weeks and then slowly return to normal sexuality.
C)Begin the "genital pleasuring" stage of the treatment.
D)Slowly begin sexual activity.

Question 30

What proportion of sexual offenders are women?

A)1 to 2 percent
B)5 to 10 percent
C)10 to 12 percent
D)15 to 20 percent

Question 31

In physically healthy men, which phase of sleep do erections most often occur in?

A)stage 1
B)stage 3
C)stage 4
D)REM

Question 32

What are the penile strain gauge and the vaginal photoplethysmograph used to measure?

A)physical arousal
B)strength
C)pain responses
D)hormone levels

Question 33

Which term refers to a group of disorders in which sexual arousal occurs in the context of inappropriate objects?

A)paraphilia
B)gender dysphoria
C)transvestic fetishism
D)sexual dysfunction

Question 34

How do sexual dysfunctions compare across cultures?

A)Sexual dysfunctions in women are common across all cultures; sexual dysfunctions in men are more culture specific.
B)Sexual dysfunctions of arousal are common across all cultures; sexual dysfunctions of performance are culture specific.
C)Sexual dysfunctions are more likely in cultures with restrictive attitudes toward sex.
D)Sexual dysfunctions reflect moral disapproval of a given culture.

Question 35

Which individual could be diagnosed with gender dysphoria?

A)Christian, who gets sexually aroused by wearing women's bras
B)Sid, who can only become sexually aroused while fantasizing that he is a woman
C)Mark, who feels like a woman trapped in a man's body
D)Kersti, who is gay and has many traditionally masculine traits

Question 36

Sandra and Jim have been happily married for several years.Sandra reports that she reaches orgasm from intercourse only about half of the time and she wonders if something is "wrong" with her.What should Sandra do?

A)She should realize that this is normal.
B)She should have a medical exam before assuming that she has a diagnosable psychological disorder.
C)She should seek counselling regarding her feelings for Jim to try to understand why she does not reach orgasm more regularly.
D)She should seek treatment for inhibited orgasm disorder.

Question 37

Paul Vasey, from the University of Lethbridge, is one of many individuals who support which of the following positions?

A)The dysphoria in gender dysphoria is mainly caused by lack of acceptance.
B)Removing gender dysphoria from the DSM-5 is paramount.
C)Removal of gender dysphoria from the DSM-5 will cause many issues including lack of medical coverage for gender transitions.
D)Gender identity issues are a major psychiatric problem.

Question 38

How does the interaction of psychological and physical factors unfold with the typical development of sexual dysfunction?

A)Initial dysfunction may be triggered by an event such as substance use; concern about the dysfunction then leads to more dysfunction, and sex itself becomes associated with negative feelings.
B)A general medical condition triggers the first dysfunction, which is followed by increased anxiety; as the anxiety increases, the sexual dysfunction becomes more severe over time and causes loss of interest in sex.
C)Initial dysfunction may be triggered by an event such as substance use; this causes a strain on the relationship and reduces the intimacy in the relationship, which then leads to anxiety about one's desirability.
D)Initial dysfunction occurs through slow and gradual deterioration, possibly due to a medical condition; as the medical condition develops, the individual's concern with failing sexuality increases, resulting in relationship problems.

Question 39

Which statement best describes funding for gender reassignment in Canada?

A)All gender reassignment surgeries are publicly funded.
B)Treatment varies by province and territory.
C)Gender reassignment surgeries are funded up to $28,000.
D)Gender reassignment surgery is not publicly funded.

Question 40

Ben went to his doctor complaining of erectile dysfunction.A subsequent sleep study found that Ben does not have penile erections while sleeping.What can be concluded by Ben's doctor?

A)His erectile dysfunction is not simply the result of worrying about sexual performance while in a sexual setting
B)A side effect of a prescribed medication is the cause of his erectile dysfunction.
C)His erectile dysfunction is caused by a medical problem.
D)A psychological difficulty may be the cause of his erectile dysfunction.

Question 41

How can chronic illness indirectly affect sexual functioning?

A)by causing fatigue, which then contributes to lack of sexual desire
B)by separating sexual partners when one is hospitalized
C)by making individuals overly cautious about the physical exertion involved in sexual activity
D)by gradually creating an emotional distance between the sexual partners, which in turn, lessens sexual desire

Question 42

When assessing individuals with paraphilic disorder, along with the presence of paraphilic arousal what is another factor that is assessed in these individuals?

A)sexual orientation
B)attachment
C)social skills
D)personality disorders

Question 43

What is the main feature of sexual arousal disorders?

A)an excessively high expectation of sex, followed by continual disappointment
B)an obsession with sex, to the exclusion of any other distraction
C)a lack of physical sexual response despite desire for sex
D)a normal desire for sex, but a physical sexual response that is only possible with strangers

Question 44

Charles gets very sexually excited by women's shoes.While he used to fantasize about women wearing particular shoes, he now focuses almost exclusively on the shoes themselves.What does Charles have?

A)a sexual arousal disorder
B)a frotteuristic obsession
C)an unusual interest but not a diagnosable disorder
D)a fetish

Question 45

What is a paraphilia?

A)a sexual attraction to a wide variety of abnormal stimuli
B)an abnormal sexual fantasy
C)an abnormally high level of sexual activity
D)a sexual attraction to inappropriate individuals or objects

Question 46

Oliver can ejaculate while masturbating but not with his partner.What disorder does he likely have?

A)male orgasmic disorder
B)male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
C)premature (early) ejaculatory
D)hypoxiphilia

Question 47

What percentage of men with erectile dysfunction who take Viagra are then able to maintain an erection sufficient for intercourse?

A)5-40
B)50-80
C)80-90
D)90-100

Question 48

Although Mark constantly fantasizes about having sex with his wife, when he actually attempts intercourse, he cannot maintain an erection.This has been a persistent problem for several months now.What problem does Mark appear to have?

A)male orgasmic disorder
B)male hypoactive sexual desire
C)premature ejaculation
D)erectile disorder

Question 49

Which statement best describes sexual dysfunction?

A)Sexual dysfunction is more common in other-sex than same-sex relationships.
B)Males and females experience parallel versions of all sexual dysfunction disorders.
C)Sexual dysfunction is one of the rarest of all psychological or physical disorders.
D)Sexual dysfunction can be either lifelong or acquired.

Question 50

Reissing and colleagues (1999) have been critical of the focus on the achievement of penile-vaginal intercourse as the sole indicator of sex therapy "success." What do they argue that additional outcomes should include?

A)whether the couple is experiencing greater sexual satisfaction
B)improvement of sexual skills
C)whether the original relationship problems have been resolved
D)increasing the length of time spent by the couple in foreplay

Question 51

Which medication causes some degree of sexual dysfunction in approximately 80 percent of individuals taking them?

A)beta blockers
B)anti-hypertensives
C)tricyclic antidepressants
D)SSRIs

Question 52

Which of the following is an inexpensive but crude way to monitor nocturnal erections?

A)photoplethysmograph
B)nocturnal penile tumescence
C)snap gauge
D)penile strain gauge

Question 53

Basson and Brotto (2004) suggest that the current definition of female arousal disorder focuses too much on "genital events" and not enough on subjective arousal.Which statement summarizes their argument?

A)Many women do not consider absence of physical arousal to be a problem.
B)The DSM-5's emphasis on genital events reflects a male bias.
C)Most women who meet the criteria for female arousal disorder are nevertheless able to reach orgasm during intercourse.
D)Studies have shown that women with arousal disorder often show normal vaginal responding to erotic movies despite reporting low subjective arousal.

Question 54

How can biological males with gender dysphoria be distinguished from biological males with transvestic fetishism (TF)?

A)Biological males with TF are sexually not generally aroused by wearing clothing associated with the other sex, and they do not feel as though they are a woman trapped in a man's body.
B)Biological males with TF are sexually aroused by wearing clothing associated with the other sex and also feel as though they are a woman trapped in a man's body.
C)Biological males with gender dysphoria are not generally sexually aroused by wearing clothing associated with the other sex.
D)Biological males with gender dysphoria are generally sexually aroused by wearing clothing associated with the other sex.

Question 55

In Masters and Johnson's (1970) therapy for erectile dysfunction, approximately what percentage of cases did they claim to have a positive treatment outcome?

A)25
B)45
C)60
D)85

Question 56

Although Maria fantasizes about sex and has no lack of sexual desire, when she and her husband attempt to have intercourse, she has difficulty becoming vaginally lubricated.This has been a persistent problem for several months now.What problem does Maria appear to have?

A)female sexual interest/arousal disorder
B)female orgasmic disorder
C)vaginismus
D)genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder

Question 57

In diagnosing orgasm disorder in women, why is it necessary to determine whether the woman "never or almost never" reaches orgasm?

A)Only 50 percent of all women regularly experience orgasm from intercourse.
B)Female orgasm difficulties are usually due to an inexperienced partner.
C)It would be a different orgasm disorder if the problem is only occasional.
D)Most women regularly experience orgasms from intercourse.

Question 58

Sarah was sent home from sex therapy with an assignment to purchase a vibrator and practice masturbating.What disorder is Sarah most likely being treated for?

A)female orgasmic disorder
B)vaginismus
C)hypoactive sexual desire disorder
D)clitoral dysfunction

Question 59

Justin likes to take the subway during very busy times with the goal of touching and rubbing himself against nonconsenting individuals.What would a psychologist say about this behaviour?

A)He likely has exhibitionistic disorder.
B)He likely has frotteuristic disorder.
C)He likely has voyeuristic disorder.
D)He is demonstrating pedophilic behaviours.

Question 60

What side effect do approximately 30 percent of Viagra users experience?

A)groin pain
B)dizziness
C)addiction
D)severe headache

Question 61

What form of treatment teaches patients to recognize the early signs of temptation and institute a variety of self-control procedures?

A)covert sensitization
B)cognitive-behavioural therapy
C)relapse prevention treatment
D)orgasmic reconditioning

Question 62

Which of the following is NOT a strong predictor of treatment failure or recidivism with paraphilic disorders?

A)history of unstable social relationships
B)unstable employment history
C)the severity of their paraphilia
D)denial that a problem exists

Question 63

What treatment is found to be most effective in the treatment of female orgasmic disorder?

A)directed imagery and relaxation exercises
B)the regular use of vibrators
C)explicit training in masturbation procedures
D)sensate focus

Question 64

Tom is having difficulties with his sex life because he climaxes as soon as he enters his partner.Sometimes he climaxes even before he enters his partner.What is Tom experiencing?

A)erectile disorder
B)premature (early) ejaculation
C)male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
D)male orgasmic disorder

Question 65

How does inappropriate sexual arousal, such as a fetish, appear to be learned?

A)through exposure to pornography
B)through social "scripts" that are transferred from one generation to the next
C)through masturbatory fantasies about the object
D)through poor social skills

Question 66

Which of the following do research studies on Viagra users indicate?

A)Most users can engage in intercourse, but only 32 percent rated the results as "good" or better.
B)Most users were unable to engage in intercourse and were not satisfied with the results.
C)Approximately half of the users can engage in intercourse and are highly satisfied with the results.
D)Most users can engage in intercourse and are very satisfied with the results.

Question 67

What is NOT typically reported with hypoactive sexual desire disorder?

A)The person rarely has sexual fantasies.
B)The person seldom masturbates.
C)The person attempts intercourse once a month or less.
D)The person is disgusted at the thought of sex.

Question 68

What happens to the prevalence of hypoactive sexual desire disorder with age?

A)For men, it stays the same; for women, it decreases.
B)For men, it increases; for women, it decreases.
C)For men, it increases; for women, it stays the same.
D)For men, it increases; for women, it increases.

Question 69

Ken often has problems with premature (early) ejaculation.As he becomes more anxious about his problem, what will most likely happen to the amount of time between initiating intercourse and ejaculation?

A)It will decrease.
B)It will increase.
C)It will depend upon what is making him anxious.
D)It will depend upon what is causing the premature ejaculation in the first place.

Question 70

Which of the following sexual disorders are gender specific?

A)vaginismus and sexual arousal disorder
B)hypoactive sexual desire disorder and erectile dysfunction
C)genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder and premature ejaculation
D)orgasmic disorder and premature ejaculation

Question 71

What are the Fa'afafine?

A)a Samoan group of natal males attracted to masculine men
B)a Samoan group of natal males attracted to gender-nonconforming men
C)a Samoan group of gendering-nonconforming males attracted to gender-nonconforming men
D)a Samoan group of masculine males attracted to gender-nonconforming men

Question 72

Thomas rationalizes his paraphilic disorder by watching religious programs on television, while masturbating to child pornography.Which term often refers to this practice?

A)moral cleansing
B)uncontrollable rituals
C)nonexclusive focus
D)paraphilic sadism

Question 73

Brotto and colleagues are showing some success in treating low sexual desire and genital pain with which treatment?

A)mindfulness intervention
B)sexual skill training
C)cognitive therapy
D)medication

Question 74

Jeff has just sought professional help for a sexual problem.Based on what is most prevalent in society today, what problem did Jeff most likely report?

A)an orgasm problem
B)erectile dysfunction
C)a desire problem
D)a paraphilia-related problem

Question 75

How are psychophysiological assessments of sexual dysfunction generally conducted?

A)by using a device to measure a patient's physical arousal while exposed to an erotic video or audio tape
B)by asking patients to keep a diary of their sexual activities
C)by using a device to measure a patient's brain waves while exposed to an erotic video or audio tape
D)by a physician during a medical exam

Question 76

One reason that it is difficult to provide a precise diagnosis of premature ejaculation is that the concept of "too soon" varies across individuals.What does the textbook suggest that the more important psychological determinant of this complaint may be?

A)a perception of lack of control over orgasm
B)whether the individual is aware of what is a "normal" amount of time
C)whether the individual's partner is sexually satisfied
D)cultural differences in expectations

Question 77

Ron has thoughts and images of himself as female.What specifier of transvestic disorder would Ron be given?

A)fetishism
B)gender dysphoria
C)autogynephilia
D)voyeurism

Question 78

David has no interest in sex at all.He has no sexual fantasies and no desire to engage in sexual activity.While he does not find sex disgusting or revolting, he does not understand what others find so exciting about it.He feels just fine remaining celibate.What condition does he most likely have?

A)male orgasmic disorder
B)male hypoactive sexual disorder
C)erectile disorder
D)sexual aversion disorder

Question 79

What has been suggested about the effects of marijuana on sexual pleasure?

A)It is unlikely that the chemical effects increase pleasure.
B)There is no impact of marijuana on sexual pleasure.
C)Marijuana enhances sexual pleasure.
D)Marijuana decreases the likelihood of sexual dysfunction.

Question 80

Which statement best describes the relationship between sexual offending and pedophilic disorder?

A)All sexual offenders have pedophilic disorder.
B)A requirement for diagnosis of pedophilic disorder is offending against a child.
C)The pattern of behaviour is directed at opposite-sex children.
D)Many individuals caught with child pornography are found to have the disorder.