Deck 16: Health and Medicine

Question 1

In the middle of the 20th century, people addicted to alcohol were widely seen as ______.

A)mentally ill
B)suffering from a disease
C)deserving of sympathy
D)weak and of questionable character

Answer 1

D

Question 2

What year did the American Medical Association declare alcoholism an illness?

A)1922
B)1956
C)1973
D)1991

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of preventive medicine?

A)A young man goes to his doctor after experiencing persistent lower back pain.
B)A young woman goes to the emergency room after breaking her arm.
C)A young man gets a typhoid vaccine before traveling to India.
D)A young woman goes to a health clinic because she exhibits flu symptoms.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is true of health?

A)Health is merely the absence of illness.
B)Excellent health can be achieved in purely physical terms.
C)In addition to an absence of illness, health encompasses a positive sense of soundness.
D)Health is an institutionalized system for the scientific diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of illness.

Question 5

______ focuses on identifying and treating the physiological and psychological conditions of the individual.

A)Health
B)Illness
C)Medicine
D)Public health

Question 6

Which of the following sociologists introduced the concept of the "sick role?"

A)Max Weber
B)Talcott Parsons
C)Karl Marx
D)Erving Goffman

Question 7

The broad acceptance of alcoholism as a disease has allowed alcoholics to ______ the sick role.

A)reject
B)avoid
C)adopt
D)redefine

Question 8

Mental, physical, and social well-being are characteristics of ______.

A)social psychology
B)health
C)medicine
D)illness

Question 9

Which of the following is true of Talcott Parsons's understanding of the sick role?

A)The role pressures sick people to participate in social responsibilities and other normal social roles.
B)Society usually holds a sick person accountable for their illness.
C)The sick person has no obligations.
D)Failure to seek help can lead others to refuse to confer on the sick person the benefits of the sick role.

Question 10

Talcott Parsons's theories reflect a ______ perspective on social life.

A)functionalist
B)conflict
C)symbolic interactionist
D)feminist

Question 11

All activities intended to sustain, help, promote, and enhance health are referred to as ______.

A)medicine
B)preventative medicine
C)health care
D)health

Question 12

The field of ______ is medicine that places an emphasis on a healthy lifestyle that will prevent poor health before it occurs.

A)psychology
B)health
C)biology
D)preventative medicine

Question 13

______ are rooted in cultural definitions of the appropriate behavior and response to people labeled as sick.

A)Health roles
B)Medicine roles
C)Illness roles
D)Sick roles

Question 14

Talcott Parsons's conception of the sick role is reminiscent of ______ ideas about humans as actors on a social stage.

A)Bourdieu's
B)Goffman's
C)Durkheim's
D)Foucault's

Question 15

Which of the following is true of someone addicted to drugs?

A)They are less likely than an alcoholic to be denied the sick role.
B)They are as likely as an alcoholic to be denied the sick role.
C)They are more likely than an alcoholic to be denied the sick role.
D)They are always denied the sick role.

Question 16

Which of the following organizations puts forth a definition of health that speaks to multidimensional well-being?

A)U.S.Food and Drug Administration
B)the United Nations
C)the Red Cross
D)World Health Organization

Question 17

Parsons's model of the sick role emphasizes the fact that the sick role is ______ determined.

A)biologically
B)culturally
C)scientifically
D)economically

Question 18

Which of the following diseases is most likely to be labeled as deviance?

A)drug addiction
B)alcoholism
C)diabetes
D)lupus

Question 19

How many states consider substance abuse during pregnancy as child abuse?

A)0
B)24
C)40
D)50

Question 20

Which federal agency regulates the health of workers?

A)Department of Labor
B)Occupational Safety and Health Administration
C)Department of the Interior
D)General Services Administration

Question 21

What percentage of domestic violence victims are women?

A)99%
B)85%
C)70%
D)55%

Question 22

Which of the following is a shared federal and state insurance program that provides coverage for many poor adults and children?

A)Medicare
B)Medicaid
C)Obamacare
D)SNAP Benefits

Question 23

Which of the following is true of the Affordable Care Act (ACA)?

A)Insurance companies can deny coverage to people with preexisting conditions.
B)It has been widely accepted by both major political parties.
C)It makes coverage less accessible.
D)It requires health insurance companies to allow young people up to age 26 to remain on their parents' health insurance policies.

Question 24

Which of the following is true of health care in the United States?

A)The country spends less per capita on health care than most economically developed states and--as a result--many of its health indicators compare poorly to those of its peers.
B)The country spends less per capita on health care than most economically developed states, but many of its health indicators compare favorably to those of its peers.
C)The country spends more per capita on health care than most economically developed states and--as a result--many of its health indicators compare favorably to those of its peers.
D)The country spends more per capita on health care than most economically developed states, but many of its health indicators compare poorly to those of its peers.

Question 25

In the fall of 2010, the U.S.Census Bureau reported that more than 16% of people in the United States were without health insurance, a 23-year high.Which of the following was a key source of the decline in coverage?

A)the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
B)the Great Recession
C)a decline in unemployment
D)the eradication of Medicaid

Question 26

Of the over 40,000 Americans who die by suicide every year, ______ are killed by a firearm.

A)about 10%
B)just over 25%
C)over half
D)almost all

Question 27

Which of the following is true of the life expectancy of Hispanic women and men?

A)It is lower than the life expectancy of Black women and men.
B)It is lower than the life expectancy of White women and men, but higher than the life expectancy of Black women and men.
C)It is about the same as the life expectancy of White women and men.
D)It is higher than the life expectancy of White women and men.

Question 28

Which of the following is true of health insurance in the United States?

A)Most adults get health insurance coverage from the government.
B)Most adults get health insurance coverage from their employers.
C)Most adults pay for their own health insurance.
D)Most adults do not have health insurance coverage.

Question 29

A White woman's life expectancy is 81.1, while a Black woman's life expectancy is ______.

A)84.2
B)81.0
C)78.1
D)72.6

Question 30

Which of the following has been posed by sociologists as a hypothesis for the relatively high life expectancy of Hispanic women and men?

A)Hispanic families and communities are less likely to be poor than White ones.
B)the healthy migrant effect, which suggests that immigrants are less likely to be from the fraction of a population that is in ill health
C)the "salmon bias," which suggests that Hispanics eat a more healthful diet
D)superior genetics

Question 31

Which of the following is true of gun violence in the United States?

A)Black men are 13 times more likely to be killed by gun violence than White men.
B)Homicides due to gun violence are the leading cause of death among men.
C)Incidences of homicides due to gun violence are two times higher in the United States than in 22 other developed nations.
D)The United States has the highest rate of gun violence in the world.

Question 32

Which of the following is a contemporary issue related to Medicaid?

A)The changing labor market and economic structure favors part-time or contractual employment.
B)As baby boomers (those born between 1946 and 1964) are entering the 65+ cohort, their massive numbers will have an effect on the nation's need for health-care dollars and resources.
C)The comprehensiveness or coverage and eligibility standards vary from state to state.
D)Some earn too little to afford self-coverage but too much to qualify for government health coverage.

Question 33

Lower-income people are more likely to live in areas that have high levels of ______, which raises their risks of asthma, heart disease, and cancer.

A)unemployment
B)lead paint
C)violence
D)air pollution

Question 34

Which of the following is true of prenatal care and infant mortality in the United States?

A)Poor mothers are more likely to have access to prenatal care.
B)African American mothers are more than twice as likely to lose their infants as White women.
C)The rate of infant mortality is 4.82 for Black mothers and 11.73 for White mothers.
D)Infants of White or Hispanic mothers are more likely to have low birth weight than infants of Black mothers.

Question 35

The poor are less likely to ______.

A)be exposed to lead paint
B)be exposed to violence
C)have jobs that involve physical and health risks
D)have a healthy diet

Question 36

Which of the following was created in the late 1990s in an effort to cover more uninsured children?

A)Medicare
B)Medicaid
C)Administration for Children and Families
D)State Children's Health Insurance Program

Question 37

Which of the following is true of the health and public safety record of the United States?

A)The U.S.government spends relatively little money on the construction of safe highways, providing clean drinking water, and eliminating or reducing air and ground pollution.
B)Working conditions are generally unregulated.
C)Compared to most other countries, the United States is more violent.
D)The United States has the highest rate of gun violence in the world.

Question 38

Which of the following is an elder insurance program that covers most of those aged 65 and over and some younger residents with disabilities?

A)Medicare
B)Medicaid
C)Obamacare
D)SNAP Benefits

Question 39

Which of the following is true of the health of poor classes?

A)They are less likely to perceive the symptoms of illness as requiring medical attention.
B)They are as likely to perceive the symptoms of illness as requiring medical attention.
C)They are more likely to perceive the symptoms of illness as requiring medical attention.
D)They almost always perceive the symptoms of illness as requiring medical attention.

Question 40

A Black man's life expectancy is 71.8, while a White man's life expectancy is ______.

A)81.1
B)76.3
C)71.9
D)70.2

Question 41

In 2016, which of the following was true of HIV/AIDS?

A)There was an increase in new infections over the prior year.
B)New infections remained flat over the prior year.
C)There was a decrease in new infections over the prior year.
D)There were no new infections that year.

Question 42

What is morbidity?

A)the rate of birth in a particular population
B)the rate of illness in a particular population
C)the rate of death in a particular population
D)the life expectancy in a particular population

Question 43

In 2016, in which of the following regions did the number of new infections decline?

A)Eastern and Southern Africa
B)Eastern and Central Europe
C)North Africa
D)Middle East

Question 44

Which of the following is true about pregnancy and births among teenagers?

A)The rate of teenage girls giving birth has gone up considerably in recent decades.
B)The United States has lower rates of teen motherhood than other economically advanced countries.
C)Poverty is both a cause and a consequence of teen pregnancy.
D)Poor young mothers have a high degree of agency.

Question 45

Which of the following is associated with teenage pregnancy?

A)lower rates of pregnancy complications
B)lower rates of stillborn, low-weight, or medically fragile infants
C)lower rates of poverty
D)lower rates of high school completion

Question 46

A ______ might highlight the way in which a cigarette may represent being cool or rebellious to a teen, for example.

A)functionalist
B)conflict theorist
C)symbolic interactionist
D)feminist theorist

Question 47

Women's risk of contracting HIV/AIDS and incidents of domestic violence are ______ correlated.

A)not
B)positively
C)negatively
D)spuriously

Question 48

During the 14th century, which of the following arrived in Europe by way of Asia and eliminated a third of the European population in only 20 years?

A)the bubonic plague
B)smallpox
C)influenza
D)typhoid

Question 49

Which of the following is the science and practice of health protection and maintenance at a community level?

A)public science
B)public health
C)community medicine
D)preventative medicine

Question 50

Which of the following is the number one cause of preventable death in the United States?

A)obesity
B)homicide
C)tobacco
D)AIDS

Question 51

According to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, they are 99% of the way toward eradicating which of the following diseases?

A)diphtheria
B)measles
C)HIV/AIDS
D)polio

Question 52

A ______ would be most likely to ask the question: "How does the advertising industry benefit from obesity?"

A)functionalist
B)conflict theorist
C)symbolic interactionist
D)feminist theorist

Question 53

In 2010, the United States publicly apologized to the nation of Guatemala when it was discovered that in the 1940s, U.S.government ______.

A)researchers knowingly injected Guatemalan patients with live cancer cells
B)researchers conducted human radiation experiments on Guatemalans
C)officials knowingly donated tainted canned food rations to the Guatemalan government, exposing thousands of Guatemalans to botulism
D)researchers deliberately infected hundreds of Guatemalan mental patients with gonorrhea and syphilis

Question 54

Globally, ______ of new HIV/AIDS infections are diagnosed among women.

A)5%
B)15%
C)30%
D)50%

Question 55

Which of the following is one explanation for why HIV rates are significantly higher for those who are incarcerated compared with the noninstitutionalized population?

A)human trafficking
B)selling of blood for money
C)tattooing with sterile equipment
D)sharing of needles among drug-injecting prisoners

Question 56

Which of the following is true of smoking?

A)The smoking rate continues to drop.
B)Young men are the fastest-growing population of new smokers.
C)More women than men smoke.
D)The government stringently regulates the production and sale of tobacco.

Question 57

Which of the following diseases--once all but eliminated from the industrialized world--is making a comeback, with new treatment-resistant strains?

A)polio
B)influenza
C)tuberculosis
D)smallpox

Question 58

Which of the following is factor to which the rise in obesity has been attributed?

A)Families in the United States eat more meals at home than in the past.
B)The portions diners are offered in restaurants are growing.
C)Federal food subsidies for food production favor the growing of vegetable and fruits.
D)The government has failed to publish nutrition guidelines.

Question 59

In China's Hunan Province, there are a high number of villages with HIV.According to the text, what was the primary cause of this epidemic?

A)widespread female illiteracy
B)a culture that encourages men to have multiple sexual partners
C)a culture that marginalizes male homosexuality and bisexuality
D)selling blood for money under unsafe and unsterile conditions

Question 60

What is the definition of mortality?

A)the rate of birth in a particular population
B)the rate of illness in a particular population
C)the rate of death in a particular population
D)the life expectancy in a particular population

Question 61

Ninety percent of new HIV/AIDS infections are diagnosed among men.

Question 62

Which of the following is a chronic disease that increasingly threatens the developing world?

A)measles
B)malaria
C)cancer
D)HIV/AIDS

Question 63

Which of the following has not received substantial funding or attention in the developing world?

A)malaria
B)HIV/AIDS
C)tuberculosis
D)chronic disease

Question 64

Some critics of international health spending priorities believe that chronic diseases deserve more attention.

Question 65

In the United States, rates of teen motherhood remain higher than in many other economically advanced countries.

Question 66

An adequate health-care system provides more than just medical services.

Question 67

In the case of HIV/AIDS, which of the following has been an obstacle?

A)the apathy of global health organizations
B)the introduction of pre-exposure prophylaxis
C)the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy
D)pharmaceutical companies fiercely guarding patent rights on drug therapies

Question 68

Which of the following is true of malaria?

A)The most vulnerable populations are farmers in Asia, which has the most malaria deaths.
B)International and national donors have largely ignored the disease.
C)There is a stigma against taking malaria medication.
D)According to some estimates, malaria threatens half the global population.

Question 69

In the United States, ______ of adults are obese.

A)10%
B)one third
C)50%
D)three quarters

Question 70

Which of the following is a factor contributing to the rise in obesity in the developing world?

A)decreasing incomes in many parts of the developing world
B)economic changes that shift work from sedentary labor to physical labor
C)the movement of fast-food restaurants into new regions
D)food subsidies that favor meat and dairy production

Question 71

Up to half the women in the world may experience violence from a domestic partner at some point.

Question 72

Which of the following is true of the developing world?

A)There has been a dramatic rise in obesity.
B)Obesity has declined significantly over the past 10 years.
C)In Africa, only about 1% of adults are obese.
D)About 10% of the adult populations of Brazil, Russia, and South Africa are overweight.

Question 73

Which of the following is true of smoking in China?

A)Tobacco use has grown fourfold since the 1970s.
B)Smoking in public is widely considered a taboo.
C)The government highly regulates the local tobacco manufacturing industry.
D)Western cigarette makers are not allowed to market their products in China.

Question 74

U.S.soldiers returning from World War I brought back new influenza strains that killed an estimated 20 million people worldwide.

Question 75

Health cannot be realized if the body is disease-free, but the mind is troubled.

Question 76

Someone addicted to alcohol is more likely than someone addicted to drugs to be denied the sick role.

Question 77

In the United States, ______ of adults are estimated to be overweight.

A)25%
B)50%
C)75%
D)95%

Question 78

Which of the following is unique about the AIDS epidemic?

A)the media attention that the epidemic has garnered
B)the rapidity with it spread around the world
C)the severity of the disease
D)the response by the medical community to attempt to eradicate the disease

Question 79

Weber conceptualized "the sick role" as a social status.

Question 80

Sociologists make a distinction between health and medicine.