Deck 8: Global Wealth, Poverty, and Inequality

Question 1

The systematic disparities in income, wealth, health, education, access to technology, opportunity, and power between countries, communities, and households around the world are known as ______.

A)systemic inequality
B)global inequality
C)globalized inequity
D)the global life gap

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The poorest countries tend to have the ______ total fertility rates.

A)lowest
B)highest
C)most variable
D)least predictable

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is a characteristic of high-income countries?

A)on the path to economic development
B)lagging in instituting mass education
C)highly industrialized
D)agricultural states with rapidly growing populations

Answer 3

C

Question 4

A country's infant mortality provides insight into which of the following?

A)the health of its population
B)the total fertility rate
C)the level of armed conflict
D)the marriage and divorce rate

Question 5

The ______ is the number of deaths of infants under age 1 per 1,000 live births per year.

A)infant loss index
B)mortality expectancy rate
C)infant mortality rate
D)total fertility rate

Question 6

Which of the following is a middle-income country?

A)United States
B)Brazil
C)Bangladesh
D)Cambodia

Question 7

Norway has a total fertility rate of 1.7.What does that mean?

A)It is the average number of children a Norwegian woman is capable of having in her lifetime.
B)It is the mean number of children a Norwegian woman is capable of having in her lifetime.
C)It is the average number of children a Norwegian woman will have in her lifetime.
D)It is the mean number of children a Norwegian woman will have in her lifetime.

Question 8

What percentage of the world lives in middle-income countries?

A)70%
B)25%
C)50%
D)40%

Question 9

Which of the following is a low-income country?

A)Bangladesh
B)India
C)Belize
D)Canada

Question 10

Which of the following countries has a high infant mortality rate?

A)Japan
B)Canada
C)Sweden
D)Sierra Leone

Question 11

Which of the following do low-income countries and high-income countries have in common?

A)They are highly industrialized.
B)They have stable middle-class populations.
C)They are generally agricultural states with rapidly growing populations.
D)They represent a relatively small portion of the global total.

Question 12

Amadi is 4 years old.Due to malnutrition, his height is very low for his age.Which of the following is Amadi experiencing?

A)stunting
B)wasting
C)edema
D)pneumonia

Question 13

Which of the following is a high-income country?

A)India
B)Morocco
C)Japan
D)Central African Republic

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of middle-income countries?

A)lack middle-class populations
B)highly industrialized
C)widespread mass education
D)on the path to economic diversification

Question 15

Which of the following is an important cause of hunger at the community level?

A)lack of UN leadership
B)a global incapacity to produce enough food for its inhabitants
C)rapid industrialization
D)political decisions or armed conflict

Question 16

Which of the follow describes the phenomenon of wasting?

A)being too thin
B)having a high infant mortality rate
C)suffering challenges due to armed conflict
D)wasting precious resources

Question 17

In Cambodia, the infant mortality rate is 23 among the top fifth of income earners, but 77 among the bottom fifth of income earners.Which of the following does this data reflect?

A)Countries with low infant mortality rates are highly stratified.
B)Countries with high infant mortality rates are highly stratified.
C)Countries with low economic stratification experience highly variable health incomes.
D)Countries with high economic stratification experience highly variable health incomes.

Question 18

Which of the following is a characteristic of low-income countries?

A)urbanized
B)highly industrialized
C)on the path to economic development
D)population struggles with hunger and malnutrition

Question 19

What measure does the World Bank use to categorize countries into high income, upper-middle income, lower-middle income, and low-income economies?

A)gross domestic product
B)gross national income
C)net domestic product
D)net output

Question 20

What can gross national income-purchasing power parity per capita (GNI-PPP) tell us?

A)the total value of goods and services produced by a country
B)the annual economic growth of a country
C)some insight into the economic resources of a country
D)the resources of individual families in a given country

Question 21

Which of the following is true regarding school attendance?

A)Primary education is free throughout the world.
B)In most low-income countries, nearly all children complete primary school.
C)According to UNESCO, more girls attend primary school than boys.
D)School attendance is highly variable by gender.

Question 22

People in India and China are more likely to have ______ than access to toilets in their homes.

A)a car
B)indoor sources of drinking water
C)a cell phone
D)a computer

Question 23

Which of the following is a main reason African refugees are drawn to Uganda?

A)It is one of the wealthier countries in Africa.
B)It has an older population, so younger refugees are needed to fill out the population.
C)It permits refugees to work.
D)Unlike in neighboring countries, there are enough medical professionals in Uganda to take care of those who are ailing.

Question 24

Which of the following is true of the effect of the mobile phone on agriculture in Africa?

A)It has had little effect on agriculture, but technology experts see promise in the coming years as technologies advance.
B)It has little effect on agriculture, because farmers largely reject new technologies in favor of tradition.
C)It has allowed farmers increased access to information about weather, economics, animal breeding, and planting, for example.
D)It has been helpful for large farms, but less so for small family farms.

Question 25

Which of the following helps workers avoid exploitation and better advocate for their interests?

A)education
B)improved sanitary facilities
C)lower total fertility rates
D)lower infant mortality rates

Question 26

UNESCO estimates that a year of schooling can equal a ______ boost in income.

A)1%
B)10%
C)45%
D)75%

Question 27

Which of the following is true of Syrian refugees?

A)Most of Syria's preconflict population remains within Syria.
B)Among displaced Syrians, most are asylum seekers in Europe.
C)Among displaced Syrians, most are refugees in Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq, and North Africa.
D)Among displaced Syrians, most are internally displaced persons.

Question 28

How has war in Yemen set back efforts to eradicate child marriage?

A)Yemeni laws preventing child marriage are not enforced during times of war.
B)Many families think their young daughters will be better cared for in marriage.
C)Many families are coerced by opposition forces into giving young daughters in marriage.
D)Many families are seeking to acquire resources or pay debts by giving young daughters in marriage for a bride price.

Question 29

In India, for example, much of the population lacks access to "improved sanitation facilities." Which of the following is a related concern?

A)Women, in particular, are vulnerable to violation and violence.
B)Economic modernization correlates with drops in fertility.
C)Children experience low rates of diarrheal diseases.
D)Girls are sometimes discouraged from attending school for economic reasons.

Question 30

As of 2016, which country was home to the most African refugees?

A)Niger
B)South Africa
C)Uganda
D)Ethiopia

Question 31

What effect has mobile phone usage had on literacy across the globe?

A)It has reduced literacy.
B)It has had relatively little impact on literacy.
C)It has increased literacy.
D)It has generally made people less interested in reading print books.

Question 32

What effect has mobile phone usage had on health care in Africa?

A)It has reduced the accuracy of government health databases.
B)It has allowed real-time data on vaccine availability or deficits in clinics to reach suppliers.
C)It has allowed residents of remote areas to access on-the-spot diagnostics.
D)It has allowed scientists and doctors to predict future health issues.

Question 33

Which of the following countries has had 6 in 10 of their preconflict population displaced?

A)Syria
B)Turkey
C)Yemen
D)Jordan

Question 34

The influx of refugees from war-ravaged countries often ______.

A)displaces residents of neighboring countries
B)strains already-scarce economic resources
C)benefits neighboring countries
D)reduces regional political tensions

Question 35

Which of the following is a reason why total fertility rates are higher in poorer countries?

A)Families may choose to have fewer children out of fear they won't be able to feed them.
B)Families do not tend to view children as active contributors to a family's economic well-being.
C)Families do not always have access to safe, hygienic sanitation facilities.
D)Families may lack access to safe, effective contraceptives.

Question 36

Research has noted a positive correlation between maternal education and ______.

A)increased negative health outcomes
B)decreased income
C)increased total fertility rates
D)decreased risk of child mortality

Question 37

Which of the following is true of children who pass into adulthood without basic literacy and numeracy skills?

A)Adult illiteracy is rising across most regions of the world.
B)These skills are rarely achievable in adulthood in developing countries.
C)Most developing countries have established a tradition of adult education.
D)Most illiterate adults worldwide are men.

Question 38

Which of the following is true of Yemen?

A)Young wives are likely to receive schooling.
B)Yemen has a low maternal mortality rate.
C)Before the civil war began, activists had made progress toward ending the practice of child marriage.
D)A new law officially bans marriage for girls under 18, but the practice persists due to entrenched tradition.

Question 39

Which of the following is true of early marriage for girls?

A)Many families lose money when they marry their young daughters.
B)Armed conflict tends to reduce the number of child brides.
C)There are an increasing number of child brides.
D)There are fewer child brides than in the past.

Question 40

In most cases, refugees and migrants from war-ravaged and impoverished countries flee to ______.

A)nations with low populations
B)other struggling states
C)the United States
D)high-income countries

Question 41

Who was a pioneer of world systems theory?

A)Karl Marx
B)Walt Rostow
C)Max Weber
D)Immanuel Wallerstein

Question 42

Rostow used the analogy of ______ to illustrate his key ideas regarding modernization theory.

A)ants working together to gather food
B)bees building a hive
C)Sisyphus rolling a boulder uphill
D)an airplane taking flight

Question 43

According to dependency theory, how does exploitation continue in postcolonial countries?

A)through multinational corporations that reap profits from cheap labor
B)through taxes that are paid in higher proportion by poor residents
C)through oppressive rulers who limit freedom of speech
D)through the false promise of social mobility

Question 44

Which of the following would be considered a core country?

A)Japan
B)Ghana
C)China
D)Brazil

Question 45

Which of the following is true of the countries in the flight with technological progress and cultural modernity stage of development according to Rastow's modernization theory?

A)These countries embrace tradition over ambition.
B)These countries are affluent, with a sizable population with disposable income.
C)These countries have a population with soaring consumer ambitions.
D)These countries experience higher fertility rates.

Question 46

Which of the following does modernization theory assume?

A)Economically underdeveloped states are hampered by an exploitative relationship with more prosperous states.
B)Economically underdeveloped states cannot progress if they adopt Western practices.
C)The historical norm in states has been poverty.
D)The historical norm in states has been prosperity.

Question 47

Which of the following is true of the countries in the traditional stage of development according to Rastow's modernization theory?

A)These countries are actively seeking new models of economic and political behavior.
B)These countries embrace tradition over innovation.
C)These countries are limited by a work orientation that elevates ambition over subsistence.
D)Many of these countries still exist today.

Question 48

Modernization theory is associated with which of the following theorists?

A)Walt Rostow
B)Max Weber
C)Immanuel Wallerstein
D)Karl Marx

Question 49

Which of the following would be considered a peripheral country?

A)New Zealand
B)Sudan
C)Canada
D)Spain

Question 50

Which of the following would be considered a semiperipheral country?

A)United States
B)India
C)Nigeria
D)Britain

Question 51

According to world systems theory, which countries share characteristics with core and peripheral countries?

A)middle
B)semicore
C)semiperipheral
D)semidependent

Question 52

Which of the following theories argues that a few powerful economic actors have constructed the global economic system in such a way that favors their class interests?

A)world systems theory
B)modernization theory
C)global theory
D)capitalist theory

Question 53

Which of the following theories argues that the poverty in some countries is the result of exploitation by wealthy countries?

A)capitalist theory
B)dependency theory
C)modernization theory
D)global capital theory

Question 54

Which of the following is the final stage of development according to Rastow's modernization theory?

A)the stage of cultural modernity
B)the stage of soaring consumer ambitions
C)the stage of affluence and consumption
D)the stage of high mass consumption and high living standards

Question 55

According to world systems theory, what countries are economically advanced, technologically sophisticated, and well educated?

A)central
B)peripheral
C)semiperipheral
D)core

Question 56

According to world systems theory, what countries have low national incomes and low levels of technological and industrial development?

A)central
B)peripheral
C)semiperipheral
D)core

Question 57

Which of the following questions does the modernization perspective ask?

A)Why are some countries poor?
B)Why are some countries rich?
C)How do wealthy countries exploit poor countries?
D)How do powerful economic actors favor their own class interests?

Question 58

What does the viral Twitter campaign #BringBackOurGirls reflect?

A)Technology has brought to the developing world a new platform for social activism.
B)The international community is largely unaware of the kidnapping of the Chibok schoolgirls in 2014.
C)Boko Haram has been eradicated in large part due to the influence of mobile technology.
D)Mobile phones have played an important role in many events in Kenya.

Question 59

According to Rastow's modernization theory, countries in the ______ stage are moving away from tradition and embracing economic development.

A)traditional
B)takeoff
C)progress
D)in flight with technological progress and cultural modernity

Question 60

According to Rostow, which of the following is a hindrance to development?

A)powerful economic actors
B)technology
C)market-oriented perspectives
D)traditional values

Question 61

Most of the wealth of the world's global elite has grown due to ______.

A)a rising stock market
B)newly created businesses
C)real estate investments
D)high stakes gambling

Question 62

The world has the capacity to produce enough food for all of its inhabitants.

Question 63

The influx of Uganda's refugee population has strained the countries resources.

Question 64

Zygmut Bauman characterized "tourists" as which of the following?

A)those with valid passports
B)those who travel at least 25% of the time for work
C)those who have aspirations to become members of the transnational capitalist class
D)those whose mobility is enable by education, economic resources, and social networks

Question 65

Dependency theory implies that there is a direct relationship between the affluence of one country and the poverty of another.

Question 66

According to sociologist Leslie Sklair, the rise of the modern global elite has led to a decline in the significance of which of the following?

A)mass media
B)transportation and communication technology
C)nations and borders
D)plutocrats

Question 67

Fatima is a poor economic migrant from Libya trying desperately to build a new life in Europe.Zygmund Bauman would consider her a ______.

A)space warrior
B)tourist
C)vagabond
D)hitchhiker

Question 68

In most developing countries, nearly all young people complete primary school.

Question 69

According to Zygmunt Bauman, the "losers" of modernity are those who ______.

A)are rooted in place and denied geographic and economic mobility
B)are enabled by education, economic resources, and social networks
C)have the means to seek out both personal pleasures and professional opportunities globally
D)are enabled by transportation and communication technologies

Question 70

A transglobal class of individuals with large amounts of wealth and money with considerable amount of political power are the ______.

A)global elite
B)international elite
C)upper class
D)royal

Question 71

According to Sklair, the members of the transnational capitalist class share which of the following characteristics?

A)They are focused on local interests.
B)They do not seek influence, but have it because of their vast wealth.
C)They see themselves as citizens of the world.
D)They all head transnational corporations.

Question 72

Low-income countries do not have wealthy groups of elites, but they do have stable middle-class populations.

Question 73

Zygmut Bauman describes a space war in which the "winners" of globalization can ______.

A)advance aerospace technology
B)purchase the most land
C)make the most money possible
D)move across the globe, creating value and meaning

Question 74

Which of the following is true of the global elite?

A)Most of them have inherited their money.
B)They all live in developed countries.
C)Most have made their fortunes in business, media, or technology.
D)Their wealth is growing in large part due to newly created businesses.

Question 75

Many peripheral countries still depend on agriculture.

Question 76

In most cases, refugees and migrants are fleeing to find refuge in other struggling states.

Question 77

According to Sklair, the transnational capitalist class is composed of a corporate fraction, state fraction, a technical fraction, and a ______ fraction.

A)consumerist
B)influencer
C)environmental
D)military

Question 78

Nearly half of the world's wealth is owned by what percentage of the globe's population?

A)1%
B)5%
C)10%
D)20%

Question 79

According to Zygmut Bauman, who are the "losers" of globalization?

A)those who lose elections
B)those who fail in their efforts to build multinational corporations
C)those who are tied to locations that have been devastated by globalization
D)those who live in developing countries

Question 80

According to modernization theory, the poverty of some countries is a consequence of their exploitation by wealthy states.